The effects of dodecylamine, kerosene and pH on batch flotation of Turkey's Tuncbilek coal

The effects of dodecylamine (DDA), kerosene and pH on the recovery of combustible matter and ash content of a lignitic coal from Tuncbilek, Turkey have been studied using a three-variable and two-level (2³) factorial experimental design. The coal sample responded favourably to batch flotation with high recoveries in excess of 95% using both kerosene and DDA respectively. The main effects of all three factors on the recovery are positive. Significance of DDA as a collector, is somewhat greater than that of kerosene, but its selectivity for ash reduction is not significant at the 95% confidence level. The pH-dependence of recovery by these collectors is opposite to each other. The DDA-induced flotation recovery is lowest at pH 9.4, an effect which has been related to precipitation of cationic species of this collector. The kerosene-induced recovery and grade of combustible matter increases with pH and this has been attributed to a better dispersion of coal and its associated clays. The two-way interaction effects are all negative at a smaller level. The main and interaction effects have been discussed on the basis of adsorption at most favourable surface sites, different modes of orientation of DDA species, competition with kerosene, and probable collecting properties of the frother used. The simultaneous effects of the two collectors on the recovery of combustible matter have been discussed at each pH value used.     

Belonging to the world: Cosmopolitanism in geographic contexts

The notion of cosmopolitanism is today gaining new relevance in attempts to understand how globalization in an increasingly interdependent world-society is affecting traditional identities, including that of the nation. We focus on a positive definition of cosmopolitanism as a sense of belonging to “the world as a whole”, expressed in responses to a question from the World Values Surveys (WVS) 1995-1997. In building a multilevel statistical model of the 21 national contexts of societal attitudes and values surrounding cosmopolitanism, we inject empirical analysis into what has, until now, been a largely rhetorical field of scholarship. Because the data are collected hierarchically, with individuals clustered into regions in turn grouped into countries, the model allows for the consideration of different concepts of cosmopolitanism across geographic contexts. A greater likelihood of cosmopolitan identification is found among individuals who are environmentalist, less patriotic, politically active, with higher levels of education, youthful, and a positive orientation to living among immigrants in places where relatively more immigrants reside. Respondents from countries in the former Soviet Union show a significantly higher sense of belonging to the world as a whole, a difference attributed to the lack of confidence in the post-Communist regimes of these states in the 1990s.     

江苏镇江沸石矿石特征研究

通过对江苏镇江沸石矿石某钻孔样品和开采露头捡块样进行X衍射分析、化学成分分析、吸铵量分析、吸蓝量分析、阳离子交换容量、酸碱度分析等,与样品的颜色相结合分析沸石特征,该钻孔沸石岩矿石的矿物组成主要为斜发沸石、蒙脱石等。     

陆相断陷盆地的构造层序地层分析

海洋浮游有孔虫中的硼同位素能够反映海水酸碱度的变化,从而为重建大气二氧化碳浓度的变化提供了一种新的手段,有望提供目前极地冰心记录所无法企及的百万年甚至千万年时间尺度上的大气二氧化碳浓度的变化。最近,海洋浮游有孔虫硼同位素的研究在实验分析技术(负热电离质谱法)、实验室偏差、同位素分馏系数、海水硼同位素长期变化以及各种次要因素等方面都取得了长足的进步,尤其是全蒸发负热电离质谱法的建立使硼同位素分析的样品需求量降到纳克级以下。不过,尽管海洋浮游有孔虫中的硼同位素作为大气二氧化碳浓度的替代指标很具有潜力,但还需要进行更加深入地研究。     

土壤中重金属元素Pb、Cd地球化学行为影响因素研究

通过研究湖南洞庭湖地区水稻土中Pb、Cd与土壤有机质、粘粒和pH值的关系,结果表明,(1)土壤中有机质含量与Cd、Pb有着显著的正相关性,土壤中有机质含量增加可明显降低Cd和Pb的离子态和可交换态含量。(2)随着粘粒含量增加,Pb和Cd离子可交换态占全量的比值略有增加,这说明粘粒表面吸附的Pb和Cd容易进入植物体中,对生态系统安全具有危害的组分。(3)Cd离子交换态与土壤pH值呈显著相关关系,土壤酸化使Cd的离子交换态比例上升,可直接导致农作物中Cd含量增加,防止土壤酸化是控制Cd对生态系统危害的有效途径;Pb的离子交换态与全量的比值与pH值具有显著的相关性,对于Pb污染严重的土壤,保持土壤pH值在弱酸性至弱碱性范围,防止土壤酸化和盐碱化,可以降低Pb危害。土壤有机质含量、pH值等是控制重金属元素地球化学行为的重要因素之一。     

森林湿地生态系统服务功能及价值评估研究综述

森林湿地生态服务功能价值评估逐渐成为湿地科学前沿领域的热点话题。在介绍当前森林湿地生态系统定义和分布的基础上,综述了森林湿地主要生态服务功能的类型、机理和价值评估方法,旨在加强人们对森林湿地生态系统服务功能的认识,并为森林湿地的管理与保护提供科学支持。     

微波消解-离子选择电极法测定植物样品中氟离子的实验条件优化

准确检测植物体内的氟含量有助于预测氟化物的生态环境效应。植物中的氟含量低,通常不超过300μg/g,应用离子选择电极法测量氟需选择样品分解效率高的前处理方法使氟不受到损失,获得离子成分简单、空白低的溶液,同时加入适量的缓冲液增强氟离子的强度和掩蔽干扰。本文采用微波消解法处理植物样品,离子选择电极法测定氟的含量,通过优化实验条件确定了缓冲液的浓度。结果表明,在25℃、p H=6.5的样品溶液中加入147 g/L总离子强度缓冲溶液(TISAB)10 m L,避免了溶液中的阳离子与氟离子生成稳定的不溶絮状物,显著降低了沉淀物的产生。本方法检出限为0.242μg/g,精密度(RSD)小于8.5%,回收率为92.0%~108%,能满足地球化学样品分析中对植物样品中低含量氟的检测要求。     

渗透压、pH、葡萄糖及离子溶液对夏牙鲆精子激活及运动特征的影响

作者通过渗透压计分别测定各溶液的渗透压值,通过CASA精子分析系统,测定精子运动参数,分析、比较了渗透压、pH、葡萄糖及离子溶液对夏牙鲆(Paralichthys dentatus)精子激活及运动特征的影响。结果表明:夏牙鲆精子激活的渗透压范围为581~1260 mosm/kg;在特定的渗透压范围内(单位为mosm/kg),A组(581~650),B组(762~877),C组(931~1060),D组(1117~1260)中,与NaCl和KCl溶液相比较,葡萄糖溶液可以显著提高夏牙鲆精子激活后的运动率;在相对高渗条件下(1091~1180),经Ca Cl2400、EGTA400和无Ca~(2+)人工海水激活的夏牙鲆精子运动率存在显著差异;且夏牙鲆精子最适的激活p H范围是7~7.5。综上,激活剂的渗透压决定了夏牙鲆精子能否激活并显著影响了激活后精子的运动率,同时葡萄糖、外源Ca2+及p H均在一定程度上影响了精子的运动率。     

固定配比的钠化膨润土与土壤在不同pH条件下对重金属离子的吸附效果研究

研究了固定配比的钠化膨润土与土壤在不同pH条件下对重金属离子的吸附效果。钠化膨润土与污染土壤按质量比1∶10和1∶20的比例混合,用碳酸氢铵-二乙三胺五乙酸(AB-DTPA)法提取土壤中有效态重金属。结果表明,在钠化膨润土与土壤质量比为1∶20的条件下,取得了最佳的修复效果;在pH=9.14时该混合土壤对重金属的总体吸附效果最佳。在实际土壤修复中,针对不同重金属污染,应灵活调整修复材料与污染土壤的配比和土壤的pH条件。     

江西省酸雨变化特征及其与气象条件的关系

利用江西省气象部门12个酸雨监测站2007—2011年的观测资料,分析了江西省酸雨的时空分布特征。结果表明,近年来江西省酸雨污染总体上有缓和趋势。夏半年酸雨污染较轻,其中8月的污染最轻;冬半年酸雨污染较重,其中1月的污染最为严重。整个江西省都受到酸雨污染的威胁,但污染程度分布不均,江西中西部的吉安、宜春以及东北部的景德镇污染较为严重,江西中东部的鹰潭、上饶以及西部的萍乡污染较轻。通过对酸雨与气象条件的关系分析发现,江西省降雨的pH值随降雨量的增加先减小再增大,小雨、中雨和大雨的pH值较小,而暴雨和大暴雨的pH值较大。850 hPa层为北风(N)、东北偏北风(NNE)、东北风(NE)或东北偏东风(ENE)(总方向角为348.75°—78.75°)时,南昌降雨pH值较高,东南偏东风(ESE)时南昌降雨的pH值较低;850 hPa层为东风时赣州降雨的pH值较高,北风(N)时赣州降雨的pH值较低。