PRIMARY ANALYSIS ON GROUNDWATER, SOIL MOISTURE AND SALINITY IN FUKANG OASIS OF SOUTHERN JUNGGAR BASIN

１INTRODUCTIONSoilandlandformarethemoreimportantenviron－mentalfactorsaffectingthedistributionofvegetationinabasinwhenthemeteorologicconditionissimilaronalargescale，especiallyspatialandtemporalvariationsofthesoilmoistureandsaltcontent．Inaridareasthesoil…     

郑和下西洋与15世纪前后中西海洋文化价值取向比较

郑和作为 15世纪世界航海事业的启幕人 ,其航海壮举标志着中国海洋文化发展到中国历史的一个颠峰。之后 ,西方海洋文化的发展 ,成为欧洲资本主义工业化的历史前奏。中国海洋文化的衰弱 ,为近代中国历史定势埋下伏笔。 15世纪前后 ,中西海洋文化的生存价值取向、经济价值取向和人文价值取向具有不同的特征 ,这使得一直雄踞人类海洋文化前列的中国海洋文化 ,最后被西方海洋文化取代。     

Effects of temperature, pH and NaC1 on protease activity in digestive tract of young turbot, Scophthalmus maximus

The protease activity in digestive tract of young turbot Scophthalmus maximum was studied, and the optimal pH, temperature and NaCl concentration were determined for different portions of the fish＇s internal organs. The optimal activity in the fish＇s stomach was at pH of 2.2, while that in the intestinal extracts was within the alkaline range from 9.5 to 10.0. In hepatopancreas, the optimal pH was in low alkalinity at 8.5. The optimal reaction temperature was above 40℃ in stomach, intestine and hepatopancreas. With increasing temperature, the pH value increased in stomach, while in the intestine, an opposite tendency was observed due to combined effect of pH and temperature. NaCl concentration showed inhibitory impact on protein digestion in hepatopancreas. The main protease for protein digestion in turbot seemed to be pepsin. Moreover, the maximum protease activity in different segments of intestine existed in the hindgut.     

Using diatoms to assess geographical patterns of change in high-altitude European lakes from pre-industrial times to the present day

No Abstract. .This is the corrected version of the Acknowledgments and some references of the above mentioned article that appeared electronically Online First on April 1, 2005 (this issue, pp. 224–236).     

微波消解-离子选择电极法测定植物样品中氟离子的实验条件优化

准确检测植物体内的氟含量有助于预测氟化物的生态环境效应。植物中的氟含量低,通常不超过300μg/g,应用离子选择电极法测量氟需选择样品分解效率高的前处理方法使氟不受到损失,获得离子成分简单、空白低的溶液,同时加入适量的缓冲液增强氟离子的强度和掩蔽干扰。本文采用微波消解法处理植物样品,离子选择电极法测定氟的含量,通过优化实验条件确定了缓冲液的浓度。结果表明,在25℃、p H=6.5的样品溶液中加入147 g/L总离子强度缓冲溶液(TISAB)10 m L,避免了溶液中的阳离子与氟离子生成稳定的不溶絮状物,显著降低了沉淀物的产生。本方法检出限为0.242μg/g,精密度(RSD)小于8.5%,回收率为92.0%~108%,能满足地球化学样品分析中对植物样品中低含量氟的检测要求。     

泰莱盆地土壤有机质含量及pH值对微量元素有效性的影响分析

土壤微量元素有效性,对农作物的生长及农产品的品质特征有重要的影响作用。该文首先阐述了泰莱盆地土壤微量元素有效性情况,分析探讨了土壤有机质含量及pH值对泰莱盆地土壤微量养分的有效性影响。结果表明：有效铜、硼和锌的含量有随着土壤中有机质含量增加而增大的趋势;有效硼的含量有随着土壤pH值升高而增大的趋势,有效铁、锰和钼的含量随着pH值的升高逐渐降低。     

Global calibration of a novel,branched GDGT-based soil pH proxy

Recently, 6-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) were separated from 5-methyl brGDGTs, which are used in brGDGT-based proxies. Here we analyzed brGDGTs in 27 soil samples along the 400 mm isoline of mean annual precipitation in China by using tandem 2D liquid chromatography. The fractional abundance of 6-methyl brGDGTs showed a positive correlation with soil pH, while that of 5-methyl brGDGTs decreased with increasing soil pH. The abundance ratio of 6-/5-methyl brGDGTs, namely the isomerization of branched tetraethers (IBT), was calculated. The correlation of IBT with pH (pH = 6.33 − 1.28 × IBT; R² 0.89; root mean squared error, RMSE, 0.24) was much stronger than that of the traditionally used cyclization index of branched tetraethers (CBT) with pH (R² 0.52; RMSE 0.49) and comparable with that of CBT′ with pH (R² 0.88; RMSE 0.25). Compiling all available data from 319 soil samples resulted in a global calibration: pH = 6.53 − 1.55 × IBT (R² 0.72; RMSE 0.65), which has a better correlation than the CBT_5ME-pH proxy (R² 0.63; RMSE 0.78), but a weaker correlation than the CBT′-pH proxy (R² 0.85; RMSE 0.52). Our result suggests that the IBT is a promising indicator for soil pH, particularly in cases when some compounds in the CBT′ index cannot be determined.     

赣南小流域水体中溶解态稀土含量及pH和Eh值变化特征

测试流经稀土矿区河水的p H和Eh值,可以反映矿区的酸碱性、氧化还原环境。本文以赣南地区濂水、桃江、东江流域为研究对象,利用ICP-MS和三通道多参数测试仪分别测试水样中溶解态稀土含量(DREEs)和p H、Eh值,分析p H、Eh值的变化特征以及DREEs含量与p H值的相关性。结果表明:1研究区水体中DREEs含量变化较大,介于几μg/L至几十mg/L之间;DREEs经球粒陨石标准化后表现为弱的轻稀土富集模式,Eu、Ce显示负异常;2溶解态稀土及La含量分别与p H值呈弱的负相关性,说明地表水体中DREEs浓度及分布模式在一定程度上受外部环境酸碱性的影响;3对于流经地层、地层内离子吸附型稀土矿区的水样,其p H均值分别为7.40、6.94,Eh均值分别为-0.023 V、6.55 mV;对于流经岩体、风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿区的水样,其p H均值分别为6.61、4.37,Eh均值分别为0.024 V、0.15 V,表明赣南地区离子吸附型稀土矿区处于中酸性的氧化环境。     

泉州辋川滨海湿地种植秋茄林对土壤多酚氧化酶活性的影响

以泉州辋川滨海湿地为例,研究了种植秋茄林对滨海湿地土壤多酚氧化酶活性及土壤酸碱度的影响。结果表明:种植秋茄林后第2年土壤多酚氧化酶活性较当年多酚氧化酶活性增强;种植秋茄林后第2年(2011年冬季)土壤p H值较当年(2010年冬季)p H下降。种植秋茄可明显提高湿地土壤质量。     

华西秋雨准4年周期特征及其与赤道太平洋海表温度的关系

利用1959～2011年华西地区气象台站资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、NOAA海表温度资料, 采用多锥度—奇异值分解(MTM-SVD)方法, 研究了华西秋雨的准4年周期特征及其与赤道太平洋海表温度的协同变化关系。研究结果表明:华西秋雨具有显著的准4年周期, 其典型循环表现为"偏强, 略偏强, 偏弱, 略偏弱"的特点。在准4年周期上赤道中太平洋海表温度对华西秋雨的协同变化表现为"偏低, 略偏低, 偏高, 略偏高", 这种协同变化从初夏就体现出来, 并一直持续到秋末。同时在准4年周期上, 华西秋雨对ENSO事件也存在一定的响应, 但是主要体现在发生强ENSO事件时。准4年周期的环流分析表明, 夏季到秋季赤道中太平洋海表温度偏低(高)时, 秋季500 hPa高度场出现东亚/太平洋(EAP)遥相关波列正(负)异常, 西太平洋副热带高压偏西(东), 华西地区来自南海西太平洋和孟加拉的水汽输送偏多(少), 华西秋雨偏强(弱)。