昼夜节律性温度变化对蛋鸡血钙浓度及其pH值的影响

选用40周龄艾维因父母代向种母鸡24只,设适温（13～23℃）和高温（25～38℃）两个处理,测定了母鸡在蛋壳钙沉积期间血钙（Ca2+）和总钙（TCa）浓度及pH值的变化。结果表明,在不同的环境温度下,母鸡血Ca2+和TCa浓度的变化规律各不相同,当母鸡适应了昼夜节律性变化的高温环境时,用于蛋壳钙沉积的有效钙供应量不会减少（P＜0．05）,高温组母鸡血液pH值显著高于适温组（P＜0．05）,且高温引起蛋壳品质下降。     

数字求积仪安置值M的通用公式研究

提出一个数字求积仪安置值Ｍ的通用公式。此公式与地图比例尺、求积仪、图纸与测量环境等影响测量精度的因素相关联。通过调节Ｍ值,这些影响已基本上被消除并为实例验证。     

Development of unbiased plotting position formula for General Extreme Value distributions

Expressions for the expected values of GEV order statistics have been derived in simple summation form and in terms of probability weighted moments. Using exact plotting positions from GEV order statistics a new unbiased plotting position formula has been developed for the General Extreme Value distribution. The formula can, explicitly, take into account the coefficient of skewness, (or the shape parameter, k), of the underlying distribution.The developed formula better approximates the exact plotting positions as compared to other existing formulae and is quite easy to use.     

重庆市主城区降雨酸度的影响因子分析

重庆市是我国酸雨较严重的地区之一，其酸沉降状况具有代表意义。本分析了重庆市2000年和200l年的降雨指标(离子组分、pH、电导率)和空气质量指标(SO2和NO2)，降雨指标采用离子色谱法和电极法，空气质量指标采用紫外脉冲荧光法和化学发光法分析。结果表明，大气颗粒物、SO2及NO2对降水的酸度有不同影响。大气颗粒物中的碱式钙盐可明显降低雨水酸度，其可能来源为建筑施工；含有SO4^2-、NO3^-和NH4^ 的酸式盐可有效增加雨水酸度。大气中的SO2对降雨酸度增高贡献较大，而NO2贡献不明显。较小的[NO3^-]/[SO4^2-]值(0．125)显示重庆市的固定源的污染比流动污染源更强。     

Sorption Behaviour of Phenols on Natural Sandy Aquifer Material during Flow‐through Column Experiments: The Effect of pH

Flow‐through column experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of pH on the sorption of three phenols (2‐methyl‐4, 6‐dinitrophenol, 2, 4, 6‐trichlorophenol, pentachlorophenol) onto a natural sandy aquifer material collected from a bank filtration site of River Elbe, Germany. For the phenols investigated, an increase in sorption (retardation) with decreasing pH is observed indicating a stronger sorption of the neutral species in comparison to that of the anions formed by dissociation. The anions of 2‐methyl‐4, 6‐dinitrophenol and 2, 4, 6‐trichlorophenol do not show significant sorption. On the contrary, pentachlorophenol showed sorption not only in neutral form but also in ionic form significantly which should be taken into account while assessing the fate and transport of such compound. A linear model based on the degree of protonation (calculated from pH and pK_a) can be used to resolve the apparent (observed) sorption coefficient (K_{d, app}) into its neutral (K_{d, n}) and ionised (K_{d, i}) components. Knowing pK_a, K_{d, n}, and K_{d, i} the apparent sorption coefficient for pH values other than experimentally investigated can be predicted.     

基于活度计算的碳酸平衡研究

研究考虑活度情况下地下水开放系统在不同温度和CO₂分压下碳酸的3种存在形式与pH值之间的关系.分析地下水中CO₂分压为10～105Pa,温度为0～30℃变化时pH₀的变化情况,发现在一定CO₂分压下,pH₀值随温度的升高而降低并趋于一个稳定的值.在一定温度下,pH₀值随CO₂分压的升高而降低.但不论地下水的温度和CO₂分压如何变化,pH₀=7.92～8.60.这些结论更符合地下水实际情况,更有利于对水分析资料的审查.     

光纤化学/生物传感技术在海洋环境监测中的应用

本文通过光纤溶解氧、 p H、湿度等化学传感探头及发光菌水质毒性监测生物传感探头的研制 ,开发出了一类能用于环境监测的新型传感器。本文的创新之处在于传感探头的设计与包装 ,以及数种可逆性、选择性、稳定性、使用寿命、响应时间、灵敏度等响应特性具佳的化学及生物传感膜的配方和制作技术。利用这些技术 ,通过对光纤探头的设计与包装 ,可以实现在现场及实验室模拟条件下对样品的选择性检测。研制的传感器能广泛应用于海洋污染调查、内河水质评价、水产养殖、工矿企业水气排污自检等诸多方面。     

Laser-Dye Imaging of the pH Field in a Laboratory Experiment

We established a precise DeLIF (Dual Emission Laser Light Fluorescence) system for the instant measurement of the pH field in laboratory experiments. This method is very important in studies of the biological impacts of CO₂ sequestration, i.e., effects of pH on organisms. The technique is demonstrated by applying it to the pH measurement around a liquid CO₂ droplet, which has a large gradient of CO₂ concentration near its interface, the concentration value on the boundary being known as the solubility of CO₂. In the Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) method using quinine and an ultraviolet laser light source, the relatively unstable pulse of the laser source decreased the measurement reliability. We therefore investigated many kinds of fluorescent dye and demonstrated the DeLIF measurement, identifying a process for cancelling fluctuations of laser light intensity. Quinine and sulforhodamine were used as fluorescence dyes. The molar absorption coefficient and emission intensity of quinine depend on the pH of aqueous solutions, while those of sulforhodamine are not as much affected by pH. The ratio of these fluorescence intensities represents pH at each point of the image. As a result, the pH field was successfully measured with an uncertainty of only approximately ±0.005, for 3.0 < pH. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The stability and reproducibility of Tris buffers in synthetic seawater

The equimolal Tris buffer (0.04 mol/kg-H₂O Tris + 0.04 mol/kg-H₂O Tris-HCl) prepared in synthetic seawater of salinity 35 has been shown to be stable when sealed in a borosilicate glass bottle with a greased ground-glass stopper (drift rate ≤ 0.0005 in pH per year). The error in pH of such buffers resulting from uncertainties in the preparation of such buffers is typically less than 0.002 in pH (relative to the results of DelValls and Dickson, 1998 [DelValls, T.A., Dickson, A.G., 1998. The pH of buffers based on 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol (‘tris’) in synthetic sea water. Deep-Sea Research I, 45, 1541–1554]).