藏北色林错流域的水文特征

本文报道了1997年降1998年夏季对藏北色林错等水体水文特征的考察情况,结果表明,色林错是一个大型深水湖泊,表层水温在下午4：30左右达到最高,清晨7：30左右时最低,浅水区域表层湖水在6月份的极端最高水温为21．2℃,极端最低水温为11．0℃,而日平均水温变幅仅5．6℃,其幅度大于在同一时段湖区内不同区域之间表层水温的变化,色林错湖水的pH值较高咪9．19－9．66;表层水的pH昼夜变化较小,仅0．15,最高值出现在凌晨,同时水体不同区域及深度的pH值基本一致,其溶解氧变化在4．62－5．12mg/L,而且不同深度水层之间的变幅较小,仅0．03－0．35mg/L;但其湖汊浆东如瑞溶解氧的昼认变幅为4．58－5．59mg/l;盐度的日变幅为1．60％－2．20％,考察表明,藏北水体的盐分有一个从河流到湖泊、以及由流水向静水富集的趋势;鱼类的分布与水体盐分的含量密切相关,即鱼类随着水体盐分的增加而消失,代之以嗜盐性卤虫的出现及大量繁衍。     

亚高山湖泊天才湖周边土壤腐殖酸的光降解研究

溶解性有机质(DOM)是湖泊生态系统的物质循环和能量流动的基础.典型亚高山湖泊DOM的主要来源为流域土壤腐殖酸(外源DOM),其具有较强的光吸收特性,光降解是其重要的转化过程,从而改变碳、氮、磷等物质的存在形式.在气候变暖的背景下,亚高山湖泊中DOM的浓度、pH、溶解氧及太阳辐射都可能发生变化;但这些环境变化对亚高山湖...     

垃圾渗滤液污染地下环境介质岩性对pH缓冲能力的影响

通过模拟实验研究垃圾渗滤液污染地下环境介质岩性对pH缓冲能力变化的影响。亚黏土和砂土的pH缓冲容量的本底值分别为440.20和324.93mmol/(kg·pH),其中阳离子交换缓冲、碳酸钙缓冲、硅酸盐缓冲和次级缓冲的本底值分别为206.18、88.43、75.79和69.80mmol/(kg·pH),149.31、86.53、47.33和41.77mmol/(kg·pH)。污染的亚黏土和砂土的交换性阳离子(CEC)和交换性盐基离子(BEC)均小于本底值;盐基饱和度随离污染源距离的增加呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。     

珠江三角洲地区酸雨及酸化地下水分布特征

珠江三角洲地区是我国酸雨比较严重的地区之一,二氧化硫排放量大,酸雨频率高,pH值低,其对地下水的酸化起着主要的影响作用。经对该地区878个地下水点的pH值现场测试表明,pH值小于6的地下水约占33.4%,酸性地下水（pH值〈6.5）主要分布于西、北、东环绕的低山、丘陵地区,分布面积要占到全区面积的四分之三,地下水酸化已成为区域地下水最大的环境地质问题。     

青藏高原东北部典型花粉类型埋藏特征及其与植被关系的研究

取自青藏高原东北部不同植被类型的6个土壤剖面花粉与植被关系研究表明,表土花粉较好地代表当地植被的组成,区域外花粉百分比低于30％,但桦、杨花粉在植被中的代表性较差;土壤剖面典型花粉类型的埋藏特征表明：在土壤表层8cm以下,花粉总浓度迅速降低。氧化作用对花粉的破坏性最大,花粉浓度随土壤的pH值升高呈指数形式递减,pH值7．6以上,花粉浓度迅速降低,花粉在土壤中的运移作用不明显。     

闽东滨海湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估

以闽东滨海湿地为研究对象,在实地调查和查阅相关资料的基础上,将闽东滨海湿地生态系统划分为水域、潮间裸滩、农田、人工库塘和养殖场5个类型,确定物质生产、气候调节、水文调节、污染净化、生物栖息地、教育科研以及休闲旅游为闽东滨海湿地生态系统主导的服务功能,并采用市场价值法、造林成本法、影子工程法、费用替代法以及碳税法等方法来评估各项生态系统服务功能价值。结果表明:闽东滨海湿地生态系统的服务功能总价值量为1510262万元,其中物质生产功能的价值量最大,为856701万元,其次是污染净化的功能价值,为448844万元。     

红土型镍矿样品加工K值试验

样品逐级破碎、逐级缩分后,试样的粒度与保留试样量之间都应遵循切乔特公式Q≥Kd^2。对红土型镍矿的K值试验,统计缩分样品检测结果在95％的置信度下,分析数据不可疑值、测量值之间无系统误差,测量结果（n=16）相对标准偏差小于5％。单次测定结果与平均结果的测量误差均小于允许误差。     

Stochastic water balance model for rainfall recharge quantification in Ruataniwha Basin,New Zealand

Quantification of groundwater recharge is important for water resources management. Different methods can be used to estimate groundwater recharge. The most suitable approach depends on site characteristics. Water balance model was used in this study to quantify groundwater recharge from rainfall in Ruataniwha Basin, Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand. Because it is a closed basin, this method was determined to be more suitable than any other method. The basin is fed by surface water flow and rainfall, without any lateral groundwater flow. Records of surface water inflow and outflow are available with a certain degree of reliability. To cope with uncertainty in different components of water balance, different sampling methods were used. The Mean Value Latin Hypercube Sampling (MVLHS) was used and compared with Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS), and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). It was found the groundwater recharge from rainfall is about 415 million m³/year. Results of this study have revealed that MVLHS converges faster and with lower variance than LHS and MCS.     

塔里木南缘策勒绿洲地下水空间变异性与土地覆盖关系研究

基于策勒绿洲78个取样点的地下水埋深、矿化度和pH值的观测资料, 应用遥感、地理信息系统、 空间插值和地质统计学分析的方法对所取数据进行空间变异性分析.结果表明: 1)地下水埋深和pH值服从正态分布, 矿化度服从对数正态分布;2)地下水埋深、矿化度和pH值都具有强烈的空间相关性, 在步长为8 km范围之内, 地下水特征的空间变异是各向同性的, 当步长＞8 km时, 四个方向上的半变异函数发生了不同的变化;3)受盆地地形影响, 地下水埋深从南到北变浅, 东部区域埋深最浅, 最小为1.56 m;矿化度分布趋势则是从南到北逐渐增大;pH值高值区发生在绿洲东南部和中北部, pH值高的区域矿化度较低, 而pH值低的区域矿化度较高;4) 绿洲耕地主要分布于地下水位埋深为5～25 m, 且矿化度＜2.0 g·L~(-1) 的区域;林地和草地分布于绿洲边缘区, 该区域地下水埋深浅, 平均水位＜10 m, 而地下水矿化度较高, ＞2.0 g·L~(-1) .     

Following things of rubbish value: End-of-life ships, ‘chock-chocky’ furniture and the Bangladeshi middle class consumer

There has been an upsurge of geographical work tracing globalised flows of commodities in the wake of Appadurai’s (1986) call to ‘follow the things’. This paper engages with calls to follow the thing but argues that work thus far has been concentrated, first, on global flows from developing world producers to developed world consumers, and, second, on things that remain stable as they circulate. This paper instead argues that ‘follow the thing’ research needs to also attend to flows ‘down’ the value chain, from developed to less developed worlds, and to things that are either coming apart or being disassembled. The case presented here is end-of-life ships, sent to be broken in less developed countries, as most are, in this case in Bangladesh. It looks at how the arts of transience re-work materials from rubbish value ships into new forms and objects in the household furnishing sector, which are then appropriated by Bangladeshi middle class consumers. Far from being a minor feature this is shown to be empirically a significant component of the Bangladeshi economy. Theoretically the paper challenges many habitual assumptions about global flows of commodities and urges ‘follow the thing’ research to rethink the thing. Paying attention to the back-end of the value chain shows that things are but temporary configurations of material. At best partially stable, things are argued to be endlessly being assembled, always becoming something else somewhere else.