甘肃近期2次中强震前后震源区微震尾波（Qc）的变化特征

利用张掖台网和天祝－古浪台网的记录资料研究了１９８８年１１月２２日肃南５．７级地震和１９９６年６月１日天祝－古浪５．４级地震前台震源区微震尾波Ｑｃ值的变化特征,结果表明：５．７级地震前源及邻近地区介质１／Ｑｃ值趋于一致,认为这是该次地震的一种前兆表现,结合该次地震的震源机制和构造情况进行了讨论。天祝－古浪５．４级地震震源区附近地区微震尾波Ｑｃ值民频率的关系表明,这一地区属于构这活动地区。     

CaCl2、NaHCO3和盐酸降pH的效果及其对水质的影响

本文于１９９８的８－１０月间选取山东省高青县赵店乡大芦湖养殖公司院内一口盐碱池塘的池水为实验用水,选用ＣａＣｌ２、ＮａＨＣＯ３和盐酸作试剂,进行了这三种试剂的降ｐＨ值实验。实验结果表明：ＮａＨＣＯ３有降ｐＨ效果须高浓度使用,但会使水体缓冲能力下降,不宜作为降ｐＨ的试剂。盐酸能迅速降低ｐＨ,但持续时间较短,适合急救时使用。２１９ｋｇ．ｈａ＾－１（１４．６ｋｇ／亩）的用量可降低ｐＨ１．５个单位。能长期     

盐度、pH对波纹巴非蛤(Paphia undulate)滤水率的影响

在实验室条件下,用流水系统分别测定了盐度和pH对波纹巴非蛤(Paphia undulata)滤水率的影响.对盐度梯度分别为24,28,32,36和pH值分别为7.0,7.5,8.0,8.5,9.0 梯度下波纹巴非蛤的滤水率进行了测定.结果表明:盐度和pH对波纹巴非蛤的滤水率有显著影响.在盐度24～32范围内滤水率随着盐度的升高而增大,在盐度32～36范围内随着盐度的升高而减小,盐度28和32时滤水率明显高于其它盐度组.在pH值7.0～9.0范围内,波纹巴非蛤的滤水率变化迅速,呈现一个峰值变化,pH值为8时达到最大值.     

Vulnerability of marine biodiversity to ocean acidification: A meta-analysis

The ocean captures a large part of the anthropogenic carbon dioxide emitted to the atmosphere. As a result of the increase in CO₂ partial pressure the ocean pH is lowered as compared to pre-industrial times and a further decline is expected. Ocean acidification has been proposed to pose a major threat for marine organisms, particularly shell-forming and calcifying organisms. Here we show, on the basis of meta-analysis of available experimental assessments, differences in organism responses to elevated pCO₂ and propose that marine biota may be more resistant to ocean acidification than expected. Calcification is most sensitive to ocean acidification while it is questionable if marine functional diversity is impacted significantly along the ranges of acidification predicted for the 21st century. Active biological processes and small-scale temporal and spatial variability in ocean pH may render marine biota far more resistant to ocean acidification than hitherto believed.     

pH不同处理时间的周期性变动对凡纳滨对虾生长的影响

探讨不同的pH变动模式对对虾生长的影响,设计2个独立的实验,分别研究pH值为8.9和4.0的不同时间的处理条件下,酸碱度的周期性变化对凡纳滨对虾的生长的影响,实验1设置了2个恒定pH组(7.9±0.15和4.0±0.10)和5个pH周期性变动的处理:对虾每2天在pH=(4.0±0.10)下分别处理0.5,1,2,4或12 h,其它时间处在正常pH=7.9中.结果表明,每2天1 h以上的pH=4.0的处理就能显著阻碍对虾的生长,而每2天12 h以上的pH=4.0的处理就能显著影响对虾的成活率.实验2设置了两个恒定pH组(分别为7.9±0.15和8.9±0.10)和6个pH周期性变动的处理:对虾每天在pH=8.9±0.10下分别处理0.5,1,2,4,8或12 h,其它时间处在正常pH中(7.9).结果表明恒定的高pH(8.9±0.10)显著抑制了对虾的生长,而每天给予凡纳滨对虾2 h和4 h的pH=8.9的刺激则能提高其摄食率和食物转化率,并显著促进其生长.总之,pH值周期性地向酸性环境方向波动会明显妨碍对虾的生长,而向碱性环境方向的波动则会促进对虾的生长,而且这一影响的强度与波动持续的时间长短有关.     

几株有益芽孢杆菌对温度、制粒工艺及pH值的耐受性

报道了实验室分离、筛选的 5株有益芽孢杆菌对温度、对虾饲料制粒工艺流程和pH值的耐受性。结果表明 ,5株芽孢杆菌经 80℃水浴 4 0min后全部存活 ,90℃水浴 2 0min有 35 %～ 70 %存活 ,10 0℃水浴 10min仍有 30 %～ 5 0 %存活 ,显示所筛选的 5株芽孢杆菌对高温有较强的耐受力 ;在对虾饲料中添加 5株芽孢杆菌 ,经整个生产工艺流程后芽孢杆菌存活 95 %,烘干后芽孢杆菌存活 93%,说明杆菌能够承受饲料制粒生产中压力、温度和水分的变化 ;当pH值为 3.8、4 .6、5 .2时 ,分别有 1、3、5株菌能繁殖 ,pH值 6 .0～ 8.5时 ,5株菌生长旺盛 ,将 5株菌经pH值 2 .2～ 4 .6处理1h ,再接种在pH值 7.2的培养基可以良好生长 ,说明杆菌在酸性环境中生长性能较差 ,在弱酸性和碱性环境中生长旺盛 ;能耐受酸性环境而存活 ,再给予适宜环境即能良好生长。 5株芽孢杆菌具有作为水产硬颗粒饲料专用益生素菌株的优势。     

Effects of temperature, pH and NaCl on protease activity in digestive tract of young turbot, Scophthalmus maximus

1 INTRODUCTION Digestive enzyme activity is one of important issues for learning digestive physiology of fish, and widely applied in commercial fish culture. So far, the data obtained in fish showed that the diges- tive enzymes were qualitatively similar …     

过氧化钙在处理厌氧底泥中的应用初探

为改善河道厌氧底质及内源氮、磷等营养盐释放问题,考察对沉水植被恢复的影响,研发可同步解决沉积物供氧和削减内源氮、磷释放的氧缓释材料.实验通过向沉积物-水界面处散点注射不同剂量的过氧化钙(Ca O2),研究界面处溶解氧的动态变化特征及表层沉积物与底层水体之间溶解态氮、磷的交换过程.结果表明:添加Ca O2显著提高了界面处底层上覆水溶解氧浓度,随着Ca O2浓度的增加溶解氧浓度增加,不同处理组之间具有显著差异;Ca O2对沉积物中PO3-4-P释放具有明显的抑制作用,且随Ca O2浓度的增加抑制效果愈加明显,上覆水中可溶性活性磷浓度最大可削减98%.实验开始时,磷释放速率可降至-241.916±22.501 mg/(m2·d),降幅最高可达到144%;Ca O2对沉积物NH+4-N释放的抑制效果不佳,上覆水中NH+4-N浓度随着时间的变化波动性较大,且有逐渐增大的趋势.另外,添加Ca O2会显著提高底层上覆水p H值,不同处理组之间差异显著,但当Ca O2投加量小于0.529 kg/m2时,不会对苦草种子的萌发生长有显著影响,p H值波动在可接受范围内(7.62~10.87).因此,结合污染沉积物的状况,适当地投加Ca O2有望同步解决底质厌氧、内源磷释放及后期沉水植被定植底质生境改善的问题,可推荐为一种黑臭污染底泥治理技术在实际的河道生态工程中应用,其适宜浓度为0.176 kg/m2左右.     

固化有机质淤泥试验研究

淤泥固化技术是淤泥资源化的一个重要方法。当采用水泥基材料对有机质淤泥固化处理时,淤泥中的有机质严重影响了淤泥固化的效果。对此,笔者进行了固化有机质淤泥的试验研究,在分析有机质对淤泥固化效果影响机理的基础上,掺加不同外加剂改善有机质淤泥的固化效果,试验结果发现,碱性剂的加入会导致有机质的溶解,削弱淤泥的固化效果,粉煤灰的加入削弱了有机质对水泥水化的阻碍作用,有效提高了固化体的强度,采用水泥一粉煤灰一硫酸钠复合固化材料大幅度提高了固化淤泥的短期强度和长期强度,粉煤灰的加入提供了大量的钙离子,其掺量越大,固化淤泥无侧限强度后期增长率越大。     

A quantitative estimation of the factors affecting pH changes using simple geochemical data from acid mine drainage

The behavior of heavy metals in acid mine drainage (AMD) is mainly controlled by pH values. Therefore, a quantitative estimation of factors affecting pH values in AMD is very important in predicting the behavior of those metals. Many different factors cause pH changes in streams affected by AMD and we quantitatively estimated those factors by making simple equations from geochemical data collected from the Dalsung mine. In a stream from that mine, the pH values decrease as the stream flows downstream from the AMD source, which is different from normal streams affected by AMD. The stream shows low pH ranges (4.04–5.96), high electrical conductivity (1,407–1,664 μS/cm), and sulfate concentration (680–854 ppm). Most ion concentrations decrease or do not show noticeable changes mainly due to dilution. The change of the iron content is most significant, even though the concentration of iron is relatively low compared with other ions. The iron concentration (13.4 ppm) becomes almost 0 ppm due to precipitation. Schwertmannite is the dominant precipitated phase downstream and whitish basaluminite is observed in the upstream. From our pH estimation, precipitation is the most important process lowering pH values from 5.96 to 4.04. The dilution factor was calculated by the concentration changes in sulfate ions. Dilution increases pH values, but compared with the precipitation factor, the contribution of the dilution factor to pH is relatively small. Alkalinity is the main factor that buffers hydrogen, which is released by precipitation. The redox changes, which were calculated from the pH and Eh values, also affect pH at each sampling site. The trend of estimated pH changes is almost identical to the observed ones, but the values are slightly different. Some errors are expected mainly due to the uncertainty in the observed Eh values and the chemistry of the added water for dilution.