小河金矿的细菌预氧化研究

陕西旬阳小河金矿的浮选金精矿含砷（２０－２７％）,采用细菌预氧化时较为困难。采用不同方式对有Ｔ．ｆ菌进行驯化,有效地提高了细菌的氧化活性,金的浸出率从０．６％提高到８５．１２％。     

四川紫色水稻土氧化铁的分异

以岷江冲积物、黄壤残积物发育成的水稻土为对照,研究了紫色砂岩泥岩母质发育成的紫色水稻土氧化铁的形态及其含量和转化。揭示了紫色水稻土具有无定形铁含量,铁活化度较高,氧化铁的转化作用较弱等独特的发生特性。     

极锋以南洋区N_2O源汇特性初析

N_2O是大气中最重要的温室气体之一,目前已经有大量的研究对海洋N_2O循环及海洋对N_2O收支的贡献进行追踪报道。然而,极区相关研究仍然十分有限。本研究利用中国第25、26次南极科学考察的机会,对南大洋进行的采样以及实验室分析,结果显示,南大洋表层海水存在亚热带锋附近N_2O过饱和,亚南极锋附近接近饱和,和极锋以南洋面的不饱和的特征。海冰融化后,其融冰水的注入是N2O不饱和特征形成的主要原因。运用正态分布选取站观测风速95%以上的风速范围进行平局估算出极锋以南洋区海气通量,结果显示,极锋区以南表层海水是大气N_2O的汇区,年吸收通量约为3.5×10~(-4)—7.7×10-4Tg·a-1(百万吨氮/年)。     

松辽盆地地热资源的形成与远景评价

松辽平原在地貌和地质上都是一个盆地。盆地中心区域上地幔隆升形成地幔枕，使本地区成为地壳中的一个热点，具有较高的地热背景。盆地是汇水区，盆地中部地域自然就成为地下热水主要的分布区。松辽盆地地热资源开发远景大有希望。     

铵锌镉还原法测试硝酸盐氮、氧同位素方法研究

本研究利用铵锌镉还原法将海水、湖水和自来水水体中硝酸盐转化为N₂O气体测试氮、氧同位素, 结果表明当反应体系的pH值在6～8之间, NO₃^-还原为NO₂^-的转化率大于95%, NO₂^-还原为N₂O的转化率大于99%。配置5种丰度的硝酸盐氮、氧同位素标样, 将实验结果与理论值绘制校准曲线, 氮同位素校准曲线斜率为0.48, 相关性良好(R²=0.999 8), 5种丰度δ¹⁵N_N2O标准偏差在0.18‰～0.43‰之间(n=5);氧同位素校准曲线斜率为0.70, 相关性良好(R²=0.999 6), 5种丰度δ¹⁸O_N2O标准偏差在0.27‰～0.46‰之间(n=5)。铵锌镉还原法与镉柱还原法测定硝酸盐氮、氧同位素结果的精密度和准确度一致, 同时海水、湖水和自来水3种不同类型水样的硝酸盐氮、氧同位素测试数据满足实验要求, 而且在实验流程的简洁性和高效性方面更具优势。     

基于EEMD和ARIMA的海温预测模型研究

类型丰富、时空分辨率高的海洋探测数据,为信号分解和机器学习算法的应用提供了可能。本文针对如何建立有效的海温预测模型这一问题,使用高时空分辨率的海表温度(SST)融合产品,引入信号处理领域的集合经验模态分解(EEMD)和机器学习领域的自回归积分滑动平均模型(ARIMA)。首先利用最适于分解自然信号的EEMD方法,将海温数据分解成多个确定频率的序列;再利用ARIMA分别对各个频率的序列进行预测,最后将各个序列的预测结果进行组合。该方法在丰富数据的支撑下,比以往直接使用海温数据所建立的预测模型精度更高,为更好地进行海温预测提供了新方法。     

A comparative study of geothermal and meteorological records of climate change in Kamchatka

To reconstruct the recent climate history in Kamchatka, a series of repeated precise temperature logs were performed in a number of boreholes located in a broad east-west strip (between 52 and 54°N) in the central part of Kamchatka west of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski. Within three years more than 30 temperature logs were performed in 10 holes (one up to six logs per hole) to the depth of up to 400 metres. Measured temperature gradients varied in a broad interval 0 to 60 mK/m and in some holes a sizeable variation in the subsurface temperatures due to advective heat transport by underground water was observed. Measured data were compared with older temperature profiles obtained in the early eighties by Sugrobov and Yanovsky (1993). Even when older data are of poorer precision (accuracy of about 0.1 K), they presented valuable information of the subsurface temperature conditions existing 20–25 years ago. Borehole observations and the inverted ground surface temperature histories (GSTHs) used for the paleoclimate reconstruction were complemented with a detailed survey of meteorological data. Namely, the long-term surface air temperature (SAT) and precipitation records from Petropavlovsk station (in operation since 1890) were used together with similar data from a number of local subsidiary meteo-stations operating in Central Kamchatka since 1950. Regardless of extreme complexity of the local meteorological/climate conditions, diversity of borehole sites and calibration of measuring devices used during the whole campaign, the results of the climate reconstruction supported a general warming of about 1 K characteristic for the 20th century, which followed an inexpressive cooler period typical for the most of the 19th century. In the last three to four decades the warming rate has been locally increasing up to 0.02 K/year. It was also shown that the snow cover played a dominant role in the penetration of the climate “signal” to depth and could considerably smooth down the subsurface response to the changes occurred on the surface.     

Surface NO and NO2 mixing ratios measured between 30° N and 30° S in the Atlantic region

Surface NO and NO₂ mixing ratios were measured aboard the research vessel Polarstern during the mission ANT VII/1 from 24 September to 5 October 1988. The measurements were taken along the meridian at 30° W in the Atlantic region covering latitudes between 30° N and 30° S. The average mixing ratios were about 12 pptv NO/30 pptv NO₂ in the Northern Hemisphere and about 7 pptv NO/22 pptv NO₂ in the Southern. Elevated mixing ratios of 20 pptv NO/70 pptv NO₂ were found at 12° N (probably due to air masses originating from the surface of West Africa) and in the region of the ITCZ between 8° N and 5° N. Because of probable contamination by the ship, the measured mixing ratios mostly represent upper limits.     

Composition and Assemblage Characteristics of Magnetic Minerals in Layer S_(5-1) of Xifeng and Duanjiapo Sections

Magneticmineralsintheloess paleosolseriesaccountforabout 1 % -2 %ofthetotal (LiuTungshengandZhangZhonghu ,1 962 ) .Duetotheiraerolianorigin ,themagneticmineralsarecomplicatedincomposition ,largeingrainsizerange ,andsignificantlydifferentincrystallinity .Asaresult,researchonthesemagneticmineralswouldbesetwithalotofdifficulties.Previousre searchersemployedopticalmicroscopic ,X raydiffractionandM ssbauerspectrometrictechniquestostudythemagneticmineralsintheloess paleosolseries,andchieflyontheb…     

高温高压下成矿元素运移聚集模拟实验

通过不同温度和压力下岩块受力变形的模拟实验,证实了岩块受力变形导致成矿元素的迁移和富集,发现了高温高压下不同元素在同一温压条件下和同一元素在不同温压条件下具有不同的迁移和富集规律。实验表明,构造应力对许多内生金属矿产的形成、矿产中成矿元素的分带现象等都具有十分重要的作用。