温度对管角螺Hemifusus tuba (Gmelin)胚胎发育的影响

在pH8.1～8.3、盐度27.5～29.5的条件下,进行了不同温度对管角螺Hemifusus tuba(Gmelin)胚胎发育影响的试验。结果表明,管角螺的卵子在发育过程中分为正常卵和败育卵;其胚胎发育过程属直接发生型;孵化率达80%以上的海水温度范围为22.1~31.2℃;正常发育的胚胎5~9 d能完全消耗卵囊内的败育卵并变为自身发育的营养物质,12~18 d形成稚螺雏形,29~38 d胚胎完成发育,形成稚螺。     

Environmental responses of jellyfish polyps as drivers of medusa populations off the coast of Namibia

Jellyfish populations in the southeastern Atlantic off the coast of Namibia have increased subsequent to the decline of small pelagic fisheries at the end of the 1960s, although the environment there has also become warmer and the waters off Walvis Bay have become richer in zooplankton in recent years. Laboratory experiments were conducted with the scyphozoan jellyfish Chrysaora fulgida to investigate the effects of food density (0, 30, 70, 100 or 150 Artemia nauplii 200 ml^?1), feeding frequency (once daily or once every third day) and water temperature (12, 16 or 20 °C) on the asexual reproduction, growth and development of polyps. The results of a generalised linear mixed-effects model reveal that all variables impacted asexual reproduction, with greater polyp production attained at higher food concentrations, increased feeding frequencies and increased temperatures. The most common mode of asexual reproduction was by lateral budding. These laboratory results suggest that polyps of C. fulgida may have proliferated off Namibia in recent times, which would contribute to increased numbers of jellyfish there.     

An Assessment of Jason-1 Microwave Radiometer Measurements and Products

In the context of the sea level survey at the mm level, it is necessary all along the lifetime of the altimeter mission to survey the quality of the products from the microwave radiometer. The calibration of the brightness temperatures has been validated using reference brightness temperatures over selected continental areas as well as simulations for a wide range of oceanic and atmospheric situations. The validation of the wet path delay is performed by comparison with radiosonde measurements and pointed out that both the JMR and the TMR estimate wet path delay around 5 mm higher than the one measured by radiosondes. Furthermore, it appeared that the correction of the TMR drift degrades the product with respect to radiosonde measurements. The monitoring of the brightness temperatures since launch shows a mean drift around +0.1 K/year for the 18.7 GHz, -0.6 K/year for the 23.8 GHz channel, and around -0.4 K/year for the 34 GHz channel.     

一氧化氮和铁对海洋微藻生长的交互影响

在实验室进行了一氧化氮(NO)和铁对海洋微藻中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)生长影响实验.实验结果如下:在铁限制情况下,外源NO能明显提高微藻的生长速率,增加生物量,但NO和铁对浮游植物生长影响是一个复杂的过程,它受到NO的浓度、培养液的营养水平、铁的浓度等因素的影响,同时培养液中铁的浓度也直接影响到微藻的生长和NO的释放量.因此,一氧化氮与铁在浮游植物生长过程中是交互影响的.     

掺铝氧化锌厚膜制备及其对三甲胺和海产品鲜度的敏感性

用烧结法制备掺铝氧化锌厚膜，把氧化锌粉末分别同０％，１％，３％，５％的Ａｌ２Ｏ３粉末机械研磨混合均匀，在１１００℃下烧３ｈ，再同粘合剂，有机溶剂混合制成浆料，用刮刀法在氧化铝基片上浆料制成膜，在１００℃下烘干后再经１１００℃烧结２ｈ。膜的灵敏度的测量方法是将膜放在玻璃管内加热到测量温度，测量膜暴露在一定浓度ＴＭＡ气体或由牡蛎放出的气体时电阻值的变化。测量温度为２００，２５０，３００℃和４００℃，Ｔ     

Calculation of väisalä‐brunt frequencies and specific volume distributions of sea water

An expression is derived for the Vaisala‐Brunt frequency in terms of the gradients of potential temperature and salinity. Modifications to facilitate calculations are suggested. A new method for expressing the specific volume distribution in terms of pressure, potential temperature, and salinity is also discussed.     

rGO-TiO_2/ASC新型光催化剂用于烟气光氧化脱硝性能研究

采用一步溶剂热法制备了活化半焦负载还原氧化石墨烯掺杂二氧化钛新型负载型光催化剂,即rGO-TiO2/ASC。分别考察了高温水汽活化方法和还原氧化石墨烯rGO掺杂量对光催化脱硝性能的影响,并进一步探究光照条件、烟气氧含量和烟气湿度对NO氧化脱除的作用,得出新型负载型光催化剂rGO-TiO2/ASC光催化脱硝过程主要过程。结果表明,5%水汽高温活化半焦ASC的脱硝效率最高,反应4h后可达52%。rGO负载量为8%时,负载型光催化剂rGOTiO2/ASC脱硝性能4h后转化率达70.68%。有无O2对脱硝率影响较大,有无光照对其影响次之。无H2O时,脱硝率呈现先平稳后下降的趋势。新型负载型光催化剂rGO-TiO2/ASC的脱硝过程由光催化活性组分rGO-TiO2/ASC的光催化氧化和载体部分ASC的常规氧化两部分组成。     

水合氧化锆吸附硼的研究

详细地研究了硼在水合氧化锆吸附剂上的吸附行为。研究结果表明，水合氧化锆的吸硼速率较快，２ｈ可完全达平衡，且吸附可用Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ等温吸附线很好地拟合。被吸附的硼易被碱液洗脱，通过水合氧化锆上硼的“吸附－脱附循环”研究，表明该吸附剂的吸附性能好，再生能力强，循环使用寿命长，是一种很有价值的高效脱硼吸附剂。     

Bacterial biogas production in coastal systems affected by freshwater inputs

The concentrations of two greenhouse gases, nitrous oxide (N₂O) and methane (CH₄), and the bacterial processes involved in their production (nitrification and denitrification for N₂O, and methanogenesis for CH₄), were determined in surface waters of two coastal areas under the influence of freshwater inputs, on one part in the Gulf of Lions and the Rhone River plume, in northwestern Mediterranean Sea, and on the other part in the inner Thermaikos Gulf, in Aegean Sea, eastern Mediterranean Sea. High concentrations of dissolved CH₄ and N₂O were recorded in the surface waters of Gulf of Lions and Gulf of Thermaikos, up to 1300 nM for CH₄, and 40 nM for N₂O. No direct relationship could be found between the concentration and production of the biogases, as they may also be produced in deep water or bottom sediment in shallow areas, or derived from anthropogenic activity or ship contamination in polluted areas. Irrespective of the origin of CH₄ and N₂O, the presence of extremely high concentrations of these two gases in superficial seawater implies that they can easily escape to the atmosphere; consequently, these nearshore waters enriched in greenhouse gases may play an important role in the increase in atmospheric concentration of both CH₄ and N₂O.     

湿地温室气体排放影响因素研究进展

对湿地温室气体(CO2、CH4、N2O)排放的影响因素进行了论述,研究发现影响湿地温室气体排放的主要因素为植被、水文、土壤状况、气候及人为干扰5个方面。通过分析已有研究的进展和存在的问题,指出湿地温室气体排放的影响机理、各影响因素之间的关系及温室气体减量化研究是该领域未来的重点研究方向,并对湿地温室气体管理提出了建议。