早熟中华绒螯蟹眼柄视神经节对卵巢发育的生殖调控作用

采用组织切片技术于光镜下观察了早熟中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）眼柄视神经节的组织形态结构,以体外培养法研究早熟蟹眼柄视神经节对同种甲壳动物中华绒螯蟹和异种甲壳动物克氏原螯虾卵巢发育的影响,并以放射化学测定法测定早熟蟹眼柄粗提物及单侧或双侧眼柄镊烫后对大颚器生物合成甲基法尼酯（MF）的影响．结果表明,早熟蟹眼柄视神经节呈乳白色,椭圆柱形,外包一层黑色视网膜,由外髓、内髓、端髓3部分构成;端髓区域可明显区分3种类型的神经分泌细胞;早熟蟹眼柄视神经节对同种和异种甲壳动物的卵巢发育均有抑制作用;早熟蟹眼柄粗提物对MF生物合成的抑制作用随浓度的增加而增强．研究证实早熟蟹眼柄视神经节对卵巢的抑制作用较正常发育蟹弱,且对同种甲壳动物卵巢发育的抑制作用强于对异种动物．     

基于网络药理学探讨滋补精血、温肾暖宫药物治疗卵巢功能异常疾病的作用机制

目的：基于网络药理学探讨滋补精血、温肾暖宫中药治疗卵巢功能异常疾病的作用机制。方法：采用TCMSP平台获取具有滋补精血、温肾暖宫作用的桑椹、覆盆子、小茴香的活性成分和靶点;网络药理学方法涉及“药物-成分-靶点”网络图的构建和靶点预测。运用京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）数据库确定桑椹、覆盆子、小茴香与卵巢功能异常疾病集群网络的重要信号通路。采用分子对接软件对主要活性成分与核心靶点蛋白进行计算机模拟对接,预测主要成分与核心靶点的结合度。结果：筛选出欧前胡素、β-谷甾醇、槲皮素等10个有效成分,对应于桑椹、覆盆子、小茴香的196个靶点。此外,549个基因与卵巢功能异常疾病密切相关,其中87个与桑椹、覆盆子、小茴香的靶点重叠,被认为与治疗相关。KEGG通路富集分析显示桑椹、覆盆子、小茴香主要作用于卵巢功能异常疾病相关的炎症、卵巢类固醇生成及生长激素的合成分泌和作用等信号通路。分子对接结果显示主要活性成分欧前胡素、β-谷甾醇、槲皮素与靶点均能自发结合。结论：具有滋补精血、温肾暖宫作用的桑椹、覆盆子、小茴香通过多组分、多靶点和多途径协同治疗卵巢功能异常疾病,为后续进一步研究桑椹、覆盆子、小茴香的活性成分及作用机制提供了依据。     

罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)卵巢发育不同时期转录组分析

为发掘罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachiumrosenbergii)卵巢发育过程中的重要功能基因,采用IlluminaHiSeqTM4000高通量测序平台对罗氏沼虾卵巢发育四个时期卵巢组织进行转录组测序。所测序列经质控、组装后比对到NR、String、Swiss-prot、Pfam、GO、KEGG数据库中注释,并进行差异基因聚类分析。结果显示,四个样品共产生221580604个Cleanreads,拼接获得95379个Unigenes。分别对四个样品测序文库进行两两比较,共检测到6605个差异表达基因,其中显著上调基因2410个,显著下调基因4195个。GO功能分类显示,共有6422条unigenes可分为分子功能、细胞组分、生物学过程3大类59分支,差异基因主要涉及糖类转运、氨基酸合成、酶活性、细胞膜组成等。通过KEGG通路注释,共有8423条unigenes被注释,涉及184种代谢途径,有7个代谢通路与卵巢发育相关,差异基因的KEGG富集结果显示,药物代谢细胞色素P450通路、氨基丁酸神经元突触、鞘糖脂生物合成、氮素代谢等通路富集显著。此外,对SSR与SNP分子标记进行了鉴定。研究结果为进一步探索罗氏沼虾卵巢发育机制提供了基础信息。     

东海三疣梭子蟹第一次卵巢发育规律的研究

2004年7月至2005年4月在舟山海区定点连续采样,系统研究了东海三疣梭子蟹卵巢发育期间的卵巢指数(GSI)、肝胰腺指数(HSI)、卵巢外部特征、卵巢发育分期及其组织学的变化.结果表明:东海三疣梭子蟹生殖蜕壳和交配主要发生在9~10月,产卵主要在3~4月,卵巢发育早期不同个体间的GSI差异较大,后期则趋于同步;三疣梭子蟹卵巢发育期间,GSI显著增加,HSI呈现先上升后下降的趋势,GSI和HSI呈负相关性;根据GSI、卵巢形态特征和组织学变化等,三疣梭子蟹卵巢发育可以分为6期,Ⅰ期卵巢呈透明细带状,雌体尚未生殖蜕壳,卵巢中主要为卵原细胞(OG)和卵黄合成前的卵母细胞(PR);Ⅱ期卵巢呈乳白色,主要为卵黄合成前的卵母细胞(PR)和内源性卵黄合成期的卵母细胞(EN);Ⅲ期卵巢为淡黄色或橘黄色,主要为外源性卵黄合成期的卵母细胞(EX);Ⅳ期卵巢呈橘红色,主要为近成熟的卵母细胞(NO),卵径为200~300μm;Ⅴ期卵巢发育成熟,主要为成熟期的卵母细胞(MO);Ⅵ期卵巢呈淡橘红色,已排卵,卵巢中主要为排卵后剩余的基膜和滤泡核.     

A finite element cable model and its applications based on the cubic spline curve

For accurate prediction of the deformation of cable in the towed system, a new finite element model is presented that provides a representation of both the bending and torsional effects. In this paper, the cubic spline interpolation function is applied as the trial solution. By using a weighted residual approach, the discretized motion equations for the new finite element model are developed. The model is calculated with the computation program complier by Matlab. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the numerical schemes. The results of numerical simulation are stable and valid, and consistent with the mechanical properties of the cable. The model can be applied to kinematics analysis and the design of ocean cable, such as mooring lines, towing, and ROV umbilical cables.     

日本对虾亲虾性腺多次成熟利用的研究

日本对虾(Penaeus japonicus)是我国海水养殖的主要经济种类之一.近年来,对虾养殖业经受严重滑坡,人们对原来北方地区主养中国对虾(P.chinesis),南方主养斑节对虾(P.monodon)的格局在养殖品种选择上也作了相应的调整,日本对虾倍受青睐,其养殖面积及区域不断扩大,目前,我国南起海南北至辽宁均已形成大规模生产,并日益扩大[1].     

亲虾营养需求研究进展

综述了营养对虾类繁殖的作用。营养是亲虾培育与繁殖中的关键因素。大量研究表明，饵料中适宜水平的蛋白质(及氨基酸组成），脂肪（包括甘油三酯，磷脂，固醇，高度不饱和脂肪酸），维生素（VA，VE，VC）和类胡萝卜素是亲虾性腺发育和繁殖的必需营养因子；此外，沙蚕，鱿鱼等天然饵料中的一些未知因子也可能通过内分泌系统起关键的调控作用，对以上各营养因子及未知因子的进一步研究，有助于开发营养全面，高效的新虾人工饲料，以进行更经济，高度可控的全人工虾苗培育。     

Fracture analysis for torsion problems of a gravity platform column with cracks under wind load

Ocean platforms are subjected to a variety of environment loads, such as those from winds, waves, currents, etc. In this study, the torsion problems of a gravity platform column with cracks under wind load were investigated. The column was assumed to be a composite cylinder. Therefore the torsion fracture problem of a composite cylinder was considered, and new boundary integral equations for the Saint-Venant torsion problem of a composite cylinder with curvilinear cracks were derived. The problem was reduced to solving the boundary integral equations on every boundary. By using the new boundary element method, the torsion problem of the gravity platform column with a straight crack under various wind loads was calculated. The obtained results were compared with those obtained for a torsion problem of the same column without cracks to prove the applicability of the present method. The comparison showed that the detrimental effect of cracks in a column should be considered in marine engineering.     

Effects of torsion factors on simple non-linear systems using fully-bidirectional analyses

An ensemble of earthquake records is used to carry out non-linear analyses of simple torsionally unbalanced systems considering both resisting elements and earthquake components along two perpendicular directions. These fully bidirectional analyses are focused to study the effect of the following factors: (i) seismic-force reduction factor; (ii) factors α and δ used to compute the design eccentricity; (iii) initial lateral period; and (iv) initial stiffness eccentricity. Results indicate that the amplification factor α can be specified as a function of the force reduction factor, the lateral uncoupled period, and the stiffness eccentricity. It is concluded that the coefficient δ depends on the lateral period, the stiffness eccentricity, and the geometrical eccentricity. It was observed that negative shears caused by torsion should be neglected in the design of the stiff element, particularly in the case of systems with large stiffness eccentricity. Results suggest that additional studies should be performed to verify the assumed (partial) equivalence between unidirectional (resisting elements and earthquake components along one direction only) and fully bidirectional analyses to study building torsion problems. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Slow crack growth in minerals and rocks: Theory and experiments

Strength and mechanical behavior of rocks and minerals are modified by aqueous environments. This results in two effects: mechanical and chemical. The chemical effect is investigated from both a theoretical and an experimental point of view. It is shown that a thermodynamic approach leads to a satisfactory understanding of the chemical effect through an extended griffith concept. Predictions of the model have been tested using slow crack growth experiments. The experiments have been performed with a special Double Torsion apparatus which was built for this purpose. The good agreement observed between theory and experiments suggests that subcritical crack growth in rocks is controlled by adsorption onto the crack tip. This result was previously suggested by other authors (Dunning et al., 1984). However, the important consequences of the model are that (1) there should exist a threshold stress below which subcritical crack growth stops, and this threshold depends on the environment; (2) subcritical crack growth and time-dependent phenomena could take place in the crust in a stress interval which could be as high as 50% of the rupture stress.