祁连山区能量场特征与降水分布的关系分析

采用祁连山地形云野外观测的资料,分西南气流移动、西南气流阻塞、西北和平直西风气流型,用三维插值方法分型计算湿静力总温度Tσ场和总降水场,分析了不同的大尺度流型下冷龙岭西段降水分布与能量场特征的关系.对比山脉南北坡与山外同高度Tσ的日变化,发现山坡Tσ全天高于山外,山脉呈高能岛其外围有能量锋,不同流型下南北坡能量锋强度和...     

重力波与低纬高原地区Mβ CSs地域特征的关系

利用MM5（V3.6）模式对2003年6月低纬高原地区一次大暴雨过程进行了数值模拟和地形敏感性试验,从重力波的角度研究低纬高原地区MβCSs生命史较短这一地域特征形成的原因。分析表明,大气稳定层结利于重力波的产生和传播,重力波的传播导致MβCSs的能量向两侧快速频散,使得成熟的MβCSs主体强度减弱,两侧有新的MβCSs生成并发展,中心降水也迅速减弱。地形敏感性试验表明,低纬高原地形使得大气在不稳定能量积累以后很快释放触发强降水,大气随即转化为稳定层结,利于重力波的快速传播和MβCSs主体能量的迅速频散,使得低纬高原地区触发暴雨的MβCSs生命史较短,引发的降水具有突发性强、历时短的特征。     

Orographic effects on the southwest monsoon: A review

An overview of the problem of orographic effects on the southwest monsoon using the contributions of all the available analytical and numerical models is attempted. A quasi-geostrophic model is applied to deduce the effect of the topographic complex on the Indian peninsula. This model suggests that the southward bending of the low-level isobars on the peninsula can be ascribed to the topographically-induced southward velocity. This southward velocity triggers a Rossby wave to the east of the peninsula which is manifested as a trough on the southern Bay of Bengal.     

地面碘化银烟炉在山区人工增雨中的应用

2001～2002年6～7月连续两年，在中天山北坡山区的乌鲁木齐河和头屯河流域利用地面碘化银烟炉进行了播云催化地形云试验。本文主要介绍地面碘化银烟炉在山区增雨试验中的应用。     

Causes of mid-Pliocene strengthened summer and weakened winter monsoons over East Asia

The mid-Pliocene warm period was the most recent geological period in Earth's history that featured long-term warming.Both geological evidence and model results indicate that East Asian summer winds(EASWs) strengthened in monsoonal China, and that East Asian winter winds(EAWWs) weakened in northern monsoonal China during this period, as compared to the pre-industrial period. However, the corresponding mechanisms are still unclear. In this paper, the results of a set of numerical simulations are reported to analyze the effects of changed boundary conditions on the mid-Pliocene East Asian monsoon climate, based on PRISM3(Pliocene Research Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping) palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. The model results showed that the combined changes of sea surface temperatures, atmospheric CO2 concentration,and ice sheet extent were necessary to generate an overall warm climate on a large scale, and that these factors exerted the greatest effects on the strengthening of EASWs in monsoonal China. The orographic change produced significant local warming and had the greatest effect on the weakening of EAWWs in northern monsoonal China in the mid-Pliocene. Thus,these two factors both had important but different effects on the monsoon change. In comparison, the effects of vegetational change on the strengthened EASWs and weakened EAWWs were relatively weak. The changed monsoon winds can be explained by a reorganization of the meridional temperature gradient and zonal thermal contrast. Moreover, the effect of orbital parameters cannot be ignored. Results showed that changes in orbital parameters could have markedly affected the EASWs and EAWWs, and caused significant short-term oscillations in the mid-Pliocene monsoon climate in East Asia.     

Improved Wind and Precipitation Forecasts over South China Using a Modified Orographic Drag Parameterization Scheme

To improve the wind and precipitation forecasts over South China, a modified orographic drag parameterization(OP) scheme that considers both the gravity wave drag(GWD) and the mountain blocking drag(MBD) effects was implemented in the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System Tropical Mesoscale Model(GRAPES-TMM). Simulations were performed over one month starting from 1200 UTC19 June 2013. The initial and lateral boundary conditions were obtained from the NCEP global forecast system output. The simulation results were compared among a control(CTL) experiment without the OP scheme, a GWDO experiment with the OP scheme that considers only the GWD effect, and an MBD experiment with the modified OP scheme(including both GWD and MBD). The simulation with the modified OP scheme successfully captured the main features of precipitation, including its distribution and intensity,and improved the wind circulation forecast in the lower troposphere. The modified OP scheme appears to improve the wind forecast by accelerating the ascending air motion and reinforcing the convergence in the rainfall area. Overall, the modified OP scheme exerts positive impacts on the forecast of large-scale atmospheric fields in South China.     

台湾岛地形对台风暴雨影响的数值研究

{{@ convertAbstractHtml(article.abstractinfoCn, "cn")}}   {{if article.graphicalAbstractinfoCn && article.graphicalAbstractinfoCn != ""}}{{@ article.graphicalAbstractinfoCn}}{{/if}}     

Stochastic calibration of an orographic precipitation model

In this study a stochastic approach to calibration of an orographic precipitation model (Rhea, 1978) was applied in the Gunnison River Basin of south-western Colorado. The stochastic approach to model calibration was used to determine: (1) the model parameter uncertainty and sensitivity; (2) the grid-cell resolution to run the model (10 or 5 km grids); (3) the model grid rotation increment; and (4) the basin subdivision by elevation band for parameter definition. Results from the stochastic calibration are location and data dependent. Uncertainty, sensitivity and range in the final parameter sets were found to vary by grid-cell resolution and elevation. Ten km grids were found to be a more robust model configuration than 5 km grids. Grid rotation increment, tested using only 10 km grids, indicated increments of less than 10 degrees to be superior. Basin subdivision into two elevation bands was found to produce ‘optimal’ results for both 10 and 5 km grids. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

弱天气背景下鲁南一次暖区大暴雨触发 与维持机制分析

利用区域自动站资料、ERA5再分析资料、FY-2F云顶亮温资料和多普勒雷达资料等,对2019年8月5—6日鲁南大暴雨过程的环流背景、环境场条件、中尺度对流系统（MCS）演变特征及其触发机制进行了分析。结果表明：（1）这次暴雨过程发生在副热带高压边缘的弱天气强迫背景下,大尺度环流形势配置不是很有利;（2）深厚的湿层、较低的抬升凝结高度（LCL）和自由对流高度（LFC）、上干下湿的不稳定层结为大暴雨的产生提供了有利的环境条件;（3）暖区强降水发生在鲁中山脉向苏北平原的过渡带上,呈狭长带状,5日午后和夜间先后生成的准静止β中尺度对流系统（MβCS）共同导致大暴雨过程的发生,小时强降水中心主要出现在MβCS云团TBB梯度大值区附近;（4）5日午后鲁南和6日凌晨枣庄中部强降水的触发机制为地面中尺度辐合线,MCS沿着辐合线不断新生和发展,形成“列车效应”,造成大暴雨。6日凌晨临沂西北部强降水由850 hPa露点锋触发,鲁中山脉峡谷风效应和迎风坡的动力抬升作用促使MCS增强发展;（5）强降水的持续与850 hPa露点锋、冷池和边界层暖湿气流增强引起的地面辐合线的长时间维持有关。