山东招远灵山沟金矿床金矿化空间定位机制

通过对灵山沟金矿矿床地质特征和控矿构造组合特征研究表明,灵山沟金矿控矿构造组合样式为"结环"状,是主、次级断裂组合控矿,即灵山—北截断裂与其次级断裂构成的结环控制了灵山沟金矿的产出;同时研究了该金矿工业矿体的空间定位机制,建立了灵山沟金矿不同深度上工业矿体分别受灵北断裂(F1)和其次级断裂(F5)断裂交汇部位控制,以及热液上升通道控制的空间定位机制,从而解释了同一矿区存在产状明显不同的两类矿体的原因,为矿区及外围开展矿体定位预测和进一步预测找矿提供有益信息。     

湖南澧县凹陷膏盐矿床成矿地质特征及找矿方向

湖南省已知膏盐矿床以中新生代内陆湖相沉积矿床为主,它们的形成具有一定地质构造背景,相互间有密切的联系,在时空分布上具有一定的规律性.其中澧县凹陷膏盐矿产种类较全,储量较大.凹陷西部边坡浅滩相沉积了并经后期改造的特大型石膏硬石膏矿床,凹陷中东部即凹陷中心蒸发沉积了厚大钙芒硝、无水芒硝、石盐矿床.膏盐沉积具明显的水平和垂直分带现象.湘西北区有较多类似凹陷,具有寻找或扩大膏盐矿床规模的有利条件.     

Fabrication of synthetic calcite–muscovite rocks with variable texture — An analogue to cataclasite fabrics?

A series of large diameter calcite–muscovite aggregates has been prepared from calcite and muscovite powders, in order to gain a better understanding of how texture develops in impure carbonate rocks. The development of the microstructure and the crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO, texture) during the preparation process is described. The synthetic rocks have been fabricated from powders of calcite and muscovite by uniaxial cold-pressing at loads up to 400 MPa and subsequent hot isostatic pressing (HIPping) at pressures of 150 to 170 MPa and a temperature of 670 °C. The resulting textures and microstructures are homogeneous throughout the samples. The calcite CPO is generated by rigid body rotation and twinning during cold-pressing and is not significantly altered by recrystallization during HIPping. Grain growth during HIPping is observed in pure calcite samples, but is inhibited through high porosity and the presence of muscovite in the mixed aggregates. The preferred orientation of the calcite c-axes is found to increase with increasing uniaxial cold pressure, and to be independent of the muscovite content. The magnetic bulk susceptibility of the starting material has been changed by the formation of ferromagnetic impurities during fabrication. Comparison of the samples to natural calcite fabrics from fault zones show the potential of the experiments and fabric analyses presented to analyze and to better understand the deformation mechanisms of fault zones.     

利用方向场进行指纹图像快速分区

指纹方向场真实地反映了指纹图像中本质的纹理特征,包括指纹的基本形状、结构和走势。方向场图像在局部区域表现相对一致,而在全局范围则表现出较大的差异。基于方向场对指纹图像进行分区,可以提供一种有用的辅助性全局特征。本文提出了一种指纹图像快速分区方法,并结合一种基于局部描述子的指纹图像匹配算法给出了其应用实例。在FVC2004DB1数据集上设计了实验,结果表明,这种分区方法能有效地提高识别率,同时缩短处理时间。     

陆丰官田黄铁矿区铁帽型金矿地质特征和成矿规律探讨

研究陆丰官田、西山和毗邻矿段的含金黄铁矿—铁帽型金矿的成矿规律，以及铅锌矿化与含金黄铁矿化的分带现象。根据官田矿段铁帽型金矿的顶底板岩性与金矿化的相互关系，认为：成矿母岩包括燕山早期花岗岩(γ5^2(3))、燕山晚期黑云母花岗岩(γβ5^3(1))及下件罗统金鸡群(J1j)。并探讨该矿床成因，认为燕山早期和晚期花岗岩岩浆活动促使了含金热液的形成，Ⅰ号、Ⅱ号断裂带是含金热液的聚集场所，后期在地下水的表生地球化学作用下，最后形成次生富集的铁帽型金矿床。     

Effect of water and stress on the lattice-preferred orientation of olivine

The influence of water and stress on the lattice-preferred orientation (LPO) of olivine aggregates was investigated through large strain, shear deformation experiments at high pressures and temperatures (P = 0.5–2.1 GPa, T = 1470–1570 K) under both water-poor and water-rich conditions. The specimens are hot-pressed synthetic olivine aggregates or single crystals of olivine. Water was supplied to the sample by decomposition of a mixture of talc and brucite. Deformation experiments were conducted up to γ (shear strain)  6 using the Griggs apparatus where water fugacity was up to  13 GPa at the pressure of 2 GPa. The water content in olivine saturated with water increases with increasing pressure and the solubility of water in olivine at P = 0.5–2 GPa was  400–1200 ppm H/Si. Several new types of LPO in olivine are found depending on water content and stress. Samples deformed in water-poor conditions show a conventional LPO of olivine where the olivine [100] axis is subparallel to the shear direction, the (010) plane subparallel to the shear plane (type-A). However, we identified three new types (type-B, C, and E) of LPO of olivine depending on the water content and stress. The type-B LPO of olivine which was found at relatively high stress and/or under moderate to high water content conditions is characterized by the olivine [001] axis subparallel to the shear direction, the (010) plane subparallel to the shear plane. The type-C LPO which was found at low stress and under water-rich conditions is characterized by the olivine [001] axis subparallel to the shear direction, the (100) plane subparallel to the shear plane. The type-E LPO which was found under low stress and moderate water content is characterized by the olivine [100] axis subparallel to the shear direction, the (001) plane subparallel to the shear plane. Observations by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that the dislocations in water-poor samples (type-A) are curved and both b =  [100] and b = [001] dislocations have a similar population. Numerous subgrains are seen in water-poor samples in backscattered electron images. In contrast, water-rich samples (both type-B and type-C) contain mostly b = [001] dislocations and dislocations are straight and sub-grain boundaries are rare compared to those in water-poor samples. These observations suggest that (1) dominant slip systems in olivine change with water fugacity (and stress) and (2) grain boundary migration is enhanced in the presence of water. Seismic anisotropy corresponding to the fabrics under water-rich condition is significantly different from that under water-poor condition. Consequently, the relationship between seismic anisotropy and flow geometry in water-rich regions is expected to be different from that in water-poor regions in which type-A fabric dominates (i.e., the lithosphere). A few cases are discussed including anisotropy in the subduction zone and in the deep upper mantle.     

柳西地区金矿成矿规律及找矿方向

柳西地区自古生代以来形成的柳园－俞井子裂谷带等构造奠定了金矿床产出的地质背景、金矿成矿作用受一定的地层、构造、岩浆岩控制，不同级别和规模的构造分别控制着金矿成矿带、矿床（体）的产出，同时控制着金矿的矿床类型及成矿元素组合。找矿方向为柳园－俞井子裂谷带南北缘深大裂带及其内部次级大断裂两侧。     

Geochemistry, petrofabrics and seismic properties of eclogites from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling boreholes in the Sulu UHP terrane, eastern China

We present an integrated study of geochemistry, petrofabrics and seismic properties of strongly sheared eclogites from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) project in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic terrane, eastern China. First, geochemical data characterize diverse protoliths of the studied eclogites. The positive Eu- and Sr-anomalies, negative Nb anomaly and flat portion of heavy rare earth elements in coarse-grained rutile eclogites (samples B270 and B295) suggest a cumulate origin in the continental crust, whereas the negative Nb anomaly and enrichment of light rare earth elements in retrograde eclogites (samples B504, B15 and B19) imply an origin of continental basalts or island arc basalts. Second, P-wave velocities (V_p) of three typical eclogite samples were measured under confining pressures up to 500 MPa and temperatures to 700 °C. At 500 MPa and room temperature, the mean V_p reaches 8.50-8.53 km/s in samples B270 and B295 but drops to 7.86 km/s in sample B504, and the P-wave anisotropy changes from 1.7-2.7% to 5.5%, respectively. The pressure and temperature derivatives of V_p are larger in the retrograde eclogite than in fresh ones. Third, the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements of the eclogites reveal random crystal preferred orientation (CPO) of garnet and pronounced CPO of omphacite, which is characterized by a strong concentration of [001]-axes sub-parallel to the lineation and of (010)-poles perpendicular to the foliation. The asymmetric CPO of omphacite in sample B270 recorded a top-to-the-south shear event during subduction of the Yangtze plate. The calculated fastest V_p is generally sub-parallel to the lineation, but a different deformation environment during exhumation could form second-order variations in omphacite CPO and affect the V_p distribution in eclogites (e.g., the fastest V_p is at ~ 35° from the foliation in sample B295). Comparison between measured and calculated seismic properties indicates that the CPO of omphacite controls the seismic anisotropy of eclogites at high pressure, and compositional layering and retrograde minerals will increase the anisotropy. Calculated P-wave velocities agree well with velocities measured at 500 MPa and room temperature for fresh eclogites, but much higher than those of retrograde eclogite. As a case study, the laboratory-derived V_p-P and V_p-T relationships were used to estimate P-wave velocities of eclogites and peridotites beneath the Western Superior Province, Canada. The results indicate that besides the fabric-induced anisotropy, the direction dependence of pressure and temperature derivatives of V_p can significantly increase seismic anisotropy of eclogites with depth, which results in eclogites being an important candidate for the seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle. Due to their very high density and velocity, garnet-rich eclogites within peridotite could be detected in seismic reflections in subduction zones.     

表层岩溶带及其水循环的研究进展与发展方向

表层岩溶带是现代岩溶学一个很重要的概念,表层岩溶水对于解决西南岩溶山区居民的干旱缺水问题具有重要意义。近年来,不但揭示了表层岩溶带的特征、形成的动力条件机理及其含水层特征、开展了表层岩溶的自动化监测、研究了表层岩溶水与生态环境的相关性,还对西南表层岩溶水资源进行了初步评价。今后一段时期内表层岩溶水的主要研究方向是开展表层岩溶水与管道水的耦合关系研究、生态环境调蓄表层岩溶水的功能研究及表层岩溶水资源评价。      

构造地球化学在隐伏矿定位预测中的应用

将构造地球化学找矿方法应用于会泽麒麟厂银铅锌矿区外围深部的找矿实践，讨论了该区的构造地球化学特点，认为构造地球化学异常是进行隐伏矿定位预测的重要依据，提出1571中段100～130、88～100剖面线间的深部等重点定位找矿靶区，部分靶区已被工程证实。