Particle Flow Simulation on Collapse Characteristics of Silt Under Mutation of Principal Stress Orientation

The behaviors of granular material and influencing factors under complex dynamic loading are studied by more and more researchers with particle flow method. Only the strain-controlled loading has been generally used in the current study, although this method was not consistent with the practice of engineering in many situations. In this article, stress-controlled dynamic simulation tests were carried out with particle flow method, which were used to study the collapse characteristics of silt under mutation of principal stress orientation. The tests were performed by PFC2D. The simulation results and the laboratory real tests’ results had a high degree of similarity, particularly in the collapse strain and vibration times. It was very useful to forecast the silt's critical failure state. Based on the verification data, the effects of confining pressure and cyclic shear stress ratio on the collapse characteristics of silt were studied further. With the increase of cyclic shear stress ratio, the deviator strain amplitude increased and the required vibration times gradually reduced to achieve the same strain level. Under the same dynamic shear stress ratio and vibration times, the initial dynamic elastic modulus slightly increased with the increase of initial confining pressure, and the variation range of final collapse deviator strain was small. In the analysis of micro-structural evolution, the redistribution of internal stress of sample was revealed during cyclic loading. With the increase of vibration times, the development of distribution gradually stabilized, and then the high shear stress appeared in some connected regions. On that stage, the particle system developed to instability and failure. The PFC simulation results confirmed that the collapse state was the critical stage to trigger the liquefaction of silt.     

一种POS数据辅助多视角倾斜航空影像匹配方法

提出一种利用POS辅助多视角倾斜影像匹配的算法。首先,利用POS数据对倾斜影像进行近似核线纠正;然后,用SIFTGPU算法对纠正影像进行特征匹配,根据匹配结果计算出两张影像的水平和垂直方向视差进而求得其近似重叠区域;将重叠区域进行分块特征匹配,采用比值提纯法、视差约束和RANSAC算法等约束条件剔除误匹配;最后,将匹配结果通过POS数据反算回到原始影像上。试验结果表明,将POS数据应用到多视角倾斜影像匹配中,可快速获得比常规影像匹配方法数量更多、分布更均匀的匹配点。     

四元数火星快车立体测绘影像光束法平差

针对火星表面缺乏控制点数据、影像匹配难度大,使用传统欧拉角解算时收敛性难以保证的问题,该文提出基于四元数以及定向片模型的HRSC线阵影像光束法平差方法:基于SIFT特征提取算子并结合影像金字塔分层匹配策略设计连接点自动生成算法,并对火星表面多个地形区域进行了试验,结果表明:设计的连接点自动生成算法高效、实用,利用该方法可显著提高欧洲火星快车HRSC线阵影像的定位精度。     

单目相机姿态估计的点云与图像融合

针对点云与图像信息快速融合的问题,该文研究并实现了一种基于单目相机姿态估计的点云与图像融合方法。首先利用视觉导航中单目相机姿态估计方法估算小型无人机的姿态信息,然后与无人机导航系统中的姿态信息匹配来准确获得相机曝光时间点,最后结合图像曝光时间点的外方位元素和已知的内方位元素完成点云与图像融合。该方法直接利用图像信息进行融合,省去了相机时间检校步骤,避免了由此带来的误差,提高了时间匹配的准确性以及数据融合的自动化水平。实验结果表明,该方法能够准确地获得时间匹配信息,融合效果良好。     

Probabilistic constraints on structural lineament best fit plane precision obtained through numerical analysis

Understanding the orientation distribution of structural discontinuities using the limited information afforded by their trace in outcrop has considerable application, with such analysis often providing the basis for geological modelling. However, eigen analysis of 3D structural lineaments mapped at decimetre to regional scales indicates that discontinuity best fit plane estimates from such datasets tend to be unreliable. Here, the relationship between digitised lineament vertex geometry (coplanarity/collinearity) and the reliability of their estimated best fitting plane is investigated using Monte Carlo experiments. Lineaments are modelled as the intersection curve between two orthonormally oriented fractional Brownian surfaces representing the outcrop and discontinuity plane. Commensurate to increasing lineament vertex collinearity (K), systematic decay in estimated pole vector precision is observed from these experiments. Pole vector distributions are circumferentially constrained around the axis of rotation set by the end nodes of the synthetic lineaments, reducing the rotational degrees of freedom of the vertex set from three to one. Vectors on the unit circle formed perpendicular to this arbitrary axis of rotation conform to von Mises (circular normal) distributions tending towards uniform at extreme values of K. This latter observation suggests that whilst intrinsically unreliable, confidence limits can be placed upon orientation estimates from 3D structural lineaments digitised from remotely sensed data. A probabilistic framework is introduced which draws upon the statistical constraints obtained from our experiments to provide robust best fit plane estimates from digitised 3D structural lineaments.     

Social dominance as an ideological barrier to environmental engagement: Qualitative and quantitative insights

Climate change denial is motivated in part by ideology, with research showing that a greater tolerance of social inequality is consistently linked to lower pro-environmentalism. We report findings from two mixed-methods studies. In Study One, we provide insight into how individuals with varying levels of social dominance orientation discuss environmental issues by analyzing 59 interviews. These analyses revealed that many individuals were concerned about the causes, consequences, and potential solutions to climate change; however, many were also armed with justifications excusing their and others’ inaction on the problem. To establish further how the ideas shared in the interviews related to social dominance, we reworked the ideas into statements for survey-based research in Study Two. Social dominance orientation and its composite dimensions related to most interview-based statements, with those scoring higher on dominance attitudes more opposed to top-down action on climate change, and those more tolerant of inequality more opposed to individual action. We discuss implications for climate change communication.     

大营地区古层间氧化带识别与空间定位预测

潜在铀储层内部的层间氧化作用与铀成矿作用同时进行而且密不可分,（古）层间氧化带被认为是砂岩型铀矿的重要找矿标志。运用岩芯和钻孔资料以及各分带的岩石矿物学以及地球化学特征等信息识别古层间氧化带,结合铀储层中具有古氧化性质和还原性质的岩石地球化学标志,定量地给予古层间氧化带以空间定位,并据此可以划分出古完全氧化带、过渡带和还原带。在此基础上,探讨了铀储层规模、隔挡层、暗色泥岩及煤层等因素对于古层间氧化带分布的影响。     

浙江省铀资源类型及找矿前景分析

以浙江省铀成矿地质背景为基础,按成因分类法结合赋矿围岩特征对铀资源类型进行了划分,论述了不同铀资源类型的分布特征及相互关系。通过分析浙江省铀资源的形成条件和成矿潜力,提出了浙江省寻找火山岩型铀矿的目标和方向,认为浙江省火山岩型铀矿资源丰富,具有良好的找矿前景。     

一井定向在立井联系测量中的应用

详细介绍了在立井平面联系测量中连接三角形法一井定向的测量和解算方法,特别提出了不同连接三角形解算适用不同的计算公式。并结合实践经验,阐述了一井定向连接三角形法和瞄直法的使用范围和测量注意事项。     

Editorial Notes and News

Abstract

Bibliographic instruction is aneglected component of undergraduate education in many geography curricula. Significant research problems are difficult to formulate and self-education cannot be achieved without the ability to use reference materials effectively. The research methods course is a logical vehicle for providing bibliographic instruction at the undergraduate level. Library training can be incorporated in this course through a series of instructional modules that requires students to work with a wide variety of bibliographic materials. Students should be allowed to focus on publications pertaining to topics of individual interest in all phases of their work. This paper outlines a methods course that emphasizes bibliographic instruction and gives suggestions for incorporating selected developmental materials.