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221.
Estimation of uncertainty propagation in flood inundation mapping using a 1‐D hydraulic model
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A need for more accurate flood inundation maps has recently arisen because of the increasing frequency and extremity of flood events. The accuracy of flood inundation maps is determined by the uncertainty propagated from all of the variables involved in the overall process of flood inundation modelling. Despite our advanced understanding of flood progression, it is impossible to eliminate the uncertainty because of the constraints involving cost, time, knowledge, and technology. Nevertheless, uncertainty analysis in flood inundation mapping can provide useful information for flood risk management. The twin objectives of this study were firstly to estimate the propagated uncertainty rates of key variables in flood inundation mapping by using the first‐order approximation method and secondly to evaluate the relative sensitivities of the model variables by using the Hornberger–Spear–Young (HSY) method. Monte Carlo simulations using the Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System and triangle‐based interpolation were performed to investigate the uncertainty arising from discharge, topography, and Manning's n in the East Fork of the White River near Seymour, Indiana, and in Strouds Creek in Orange County, North Carolina. We found that the uncertainty of a single variable is propagated differently to the flood inundation area depending on the effects of other variables in the overall process. The uncertainty was linearly/nonlinearly propagated corresponding to valley shapes of the reaches. In addition, the HSY sensitivity analysis revealed the topography of Seymour reach and the discharge of Strouds Creek to be major contributors to the change of flood inundation area. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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独立分量分析是近年由盲信号理论发展起来的一种新的多维信号处理方法,在没有先验信息的情况下,能够实现源信号的分离。地震资料中常常包含随机噪声,它是由各种不可预知因素综合作用而成,无统一规律。文中将ICA应用于去除随机噪声问题,在对地震数据特点进行分析的基础上,建立了随机噪声盲分离的ICA模型,并对其假设条件和固有不确定问题进行了深入分析,利用文中改进的稳健预处理算法,先去除加性高斯白噪声,然后将预处理后的数据采用JADE盲分离算法分离出有效信号和非高斯分布的随机噪声,并建立能够辨识有效信号的准则,解决了ICA分离后次序不确定问题,实现了有效信号的提取。仿真实验和对实际地震资料处理表明文中提出的算法能够有效地去除随机噪声。 相似文献
224.
Ultrasound extraction was used to compare the accelerated release rates of selenium and arsenic from three rocks (BT700, BT
571 and BT 60) that are associated with mountaintop mining and valley fill coal mining practiced in southern parts of West
Virginia, USA. The concentrations of arsenic released from rocks were found to be three orders of magnitude higher than that
of selenium. The accelerated leaching rate constants were ten times higher for arsenic compared to selenium. Se (IV) was found
to be stable under ultrasound extraction conditions used whereas As (III) was quickly oxidized to As (V). BT700 was found
to have more Se (IV) compared to BT571 while BT60 did not have any significant Se (IV) concentrations. Such compositional
and kinetic information becomes important when determining suitable mining waste treatment protocols that have to be undertaken
to different types of overburden before it is dumped in valleys. 相似文献
225.
We point out one problem of the grid advection schemes when used in wave models in coastal areas. The deficiency of the schemes is investigated by means of the ‘third' generation WAM wave model, in which the wave energy is advected by a first order upwind scheme. Two similar, alternative modifications of this scheme are analyzed, the second of which is shown to solve most of the problems encountered with advection along the co-ordinate axes. 相似文献
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Importance of Orthogonalization Algorithm in Modeling Conditional Distributions by Orthogonal Transformed Indicator Methods 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A. E. Tercan 《Mathematical Geology》1999,31(2):155-173
The orthogonal transformed indicator approach to conditional cumulative distribution functions is based on the decomposition of the indicator variogram matrix as a matrix product. This paper explores the manner in which the decomposition algorithm affects the conditional cumulative distribution function as estimated by orthogonal transformed indicator kriging. Five decomposition algorithms are considered: spectral, Cholesky, symmetric, Cholesky-spectral, and simultaneous decompositions. Impact of the algorithms on spatial orthogonality and order relations problems is examined and their performances together with indicator kriging are compared using a real dataset. 相似文献
228.
The paper provides a detailed analysis for the second-order diffraction of monochromatic waves. For the second-order potential on the free surface, the paper proposed a forward prediction method for computing the integration on the free surface. By this method we only need to run the infinity integration on the free surface directly for a few points; a one-step quadrature can then be applied successively outward from the body for potentials at other points. For wave diffraction from a body of revolution with a vertical axis, the paper derives a new integral equation, which can cancel the leading singularity in the derivative of ring Green's functions automatically. To obtain accurate results, different approaches are also used to deal with singularities in the ring Green's functions in the integration on both the body surface and free surface. The method has been implemented for bodies of revolution with vertical axes, but the theory is also available for arbitrary bodies.A numerical examination is made to validate the numerical code by comparing the second-order forces and moments on uniform and truncated cylinders and second-order diffraction potentials on the free surface with some published results. The comparison shows that the present results are in good agreement with those published. The method is also used to compute the second-order wave elevation around uniform and truncated cylinders. 相似文献
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Yingguang Wang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(4):127-135
The power performances of a point absorber wave energy converter(WEC) operating in a nonlinear multidirectional random sea are rigorously investigated. The absorbed power of the WEC Power-Take-Off system has been predicted by incorporating a second order random wave model into a nonlinear dynamic filter. This is a new approach, and, as the second order random wave model can be utilized to accurately simulate the nonlinear waves in an irregular sea, avoids the inaccuracies resulting from using a first order linear wave model in the simulation process. The predicted results have been systematically analyzed and compared, and the advantages of using this new approach have been convincingly substantiated. 相似文献