A second order random wave model for predicting the power performances of a wave energy converter

The power performances of a point absorber wave energy converter(WEC) operating in a nonlinear multidirectional random sea are rigorously investigated. The absorbed power of the WEC Power-Take-Off system has been predicted by incorporating a second order random wave model into a nonlinear dynamic filter. This is a new approach, and, as the second order random wave model can be utilized to accurately simulate the nonlinear waves in an irregular sea, avoids the inaccuracies resulting from using a first order linear wave model in the simulation process. The predicted results have been systematically analyzed and compared, and the advantages of using this new approach have been convincingly substantiated.     

从混沌分形看中国古典建筑与园林设计

本文将混沌分形等现代科学前沿迅速发展的非线性系统科学理论，引入到对中国古典建筑、园林和城市规划及其空间分析与设计的理论基础——“风水”理论的研究中，从而在对传统建筑与城市空间理念进行整体性抽象继承的基础上，为探索和发展新的空间分析与设计的理论和方法提供了新思路。     

From modernization theory towards the ‘clash of civilizations’: directions and paradigm shifts in Samuel Huntington's analysis and prognosis of global development1

This paper critically discusses Samuel Huntington's contribution to development studies. Long before his currently debated work on the clash of civilizations, Huntington wrote on the political order in changing societies. In this highly influential book of the late 1960s he argued on the basis of modernization theory for strong governments to accompany the inevitable and universal process of modernization. His clash of civilizations seems to argue from different assumptions. It insists on the essential differences between cultures based on religion. These cultural differences would now give rise to the most important conflict constellations. In his earlier and later work Huntington insists on the primacy of Western values and the need to defend them. The author critiques the assumptions, concepts and some of the empirical evidence of Huntingtons recent study.     

Damage‐based design with no repairs for multiple events and its sensitivity to seismicity model

Conventional design methodology for the earthquake‐resistant structures is based on the concept of ensuring ‘no collapse’ during the most severe earthquake event. This methodology does not envisage the possibility of continuous damage accumulation during several not‐so‐severe earthquake events, as may be the case in the areas of moderate to high seismicity, particularly when it is economically infeasible to carry out repairs after damaging events. As a result, the structure may collapse or may necessitate large scale repairs much before the design life of the structure is over. This study considers the use of design force ratio (DFR) spectrum for taking an informed decision on the extent to which yield strength levels should be raised to avoid such a scenario. DFR spectrum gives the ratios by which the yield strength levels of single‐degree‐of‐freedom oscillators of different initial periods should be increased in order to limit the total damage caused by all earthquake events during the lifetime to a specified level. The DFR spectra are compared for three different seismicity models in case of elasto‐plastic oscillators: one corresponding to the exponential distribution for return periods of large events and the other two corresponding to the lognormal and Weibull distributions. It is shown through numerical study for a hypothetical seismic region that the use of simple exponential model may be acceptable only for small values of the seismic gap length. For moderately large to large seismic gap lengths, it may be conservative to use the lognormal model, while the Weibull model may be assumed for very large seismic gap lengths. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

边坡可靠度风险评价分析

确定性设计安全系数法由于简单易行得到了广泛的应用。可靠度方法在一定程度上弥补了确定性设计中不能考虑实际工程中岩体参数离散性的问题，使设计更加符合实际情况。函数连分式方法在边坡一次二阶矩概率设计中可以方便地计算出状态函数对各随机变量的偏导数，也可使传统安全系数法和可靠度分析有机结合。考虑经济最优的原则，结合风险分析来确定可靠度法设计中的可靠度数值问题。由安全系数和可靠性共同度量边坡系统的稳定性，建立传统安全系数与可靠度理论耦合的边坡稳定二元体系，可有效地考虑边坡系统内实际存在的不确定性和相关性，使边坡的稳定性评价更加客观精确，为边坡安全和滑坡灾害的风险性管理提供理论和方法。     

层化海洋中的二阶波散射作用问题

引入Stokes有限振幅水波的多色波作用机制 ,采用二层层化海洋模型 ,分析了层化海洋中非线性波对结构的散射作用问题。提出了二层海洋中二阶水波散射条件的数学表达式 ,进而推导了二层海洋中二阶波对一般型圆柱散射作用的格林积分解式 ,并给出了对解式中自由面及分层界面无限积分的递推算式。     

小波包多阈值去噪法及其在形变分析中的应用

在GPS变形监测领域,传统的小波去噪只保留低频上的有用信息,很容易去掉中频以及高频上的有用信息。小波包分析方法是近几年发展起来的一种新的小波分析方法,它同时考虑了各个频段上的有用信息,因此是一种更为精细的去噪方法。小波包去噪的关键是对小波包分解系数选取合适的阈值准则并进行阈值处理,但传统的小波包去噪并没有对此进行充分的研究。本文针对传统小波、小波包分析的不足,提出了一种基于频率顺序并依据信息类型分段的多阈值准则小波包去噪法。通过理论分析与实际应用,结果表明新方法能够高效剔除各频段的噪声,同时当采样频率较低时能有效保留去噪信号中频率高达10-1 Hz数量级的有用信息,其去噪能力优于传统的小波、小波包等其它去噪方法,因此可以广泛应用于高精度GPS变形监测领域中。     

降阶模型在膜结构风振流固耦合分析中的应用

针对膜结构风振流固耦合计算的强耦合分区法应用降阶模型,将降阶模型应用于耦合迭代运算过程.建立了流体域和结构域的降阶模型,给出了采用降阶模型进行强耦合分区计算的步骤.为了实现强流体域和结构域的强耦合,通过在耦合迭代过程中采用降阶模型的方式获得流体及结构的雅克比行列式,在每一时间步内采用降阶模型计算强耦合求解方法中的流体和...     

地震波数值模拟中差分阶数的边界效应

提出了声波正演数值模拟中计算网格间差分阶数(精度)的不衔接而引起的边界反射效应问题,采用不同中心网格有限差分法求解声波波动方程来验证.数值实例分析表明,同差分阶数间不存在任何边界效应,而当差分阶数较低且网格间差分阶数递变较大时,边界效应显著,通过缩小差分网格间的递变阶数并提高相应的离散阶数,可以有效压制该边界效应,并保...