土木工程结构的双层多重调谐质量阻尼器控制策略

为能得到用尽可能少的调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)组成有效性和鲁棒性高的多重调谐质量阻尼器控制系统，本文提出了一种适用于土木工程结构的新控制策略——双层多重调谐质量阻尼器(DMT—MD)。使用定义的优化目标函数，评价了双层多重调谐质量阻尼器(DMTMD)的控制性能。数值结果表明，双层多重调谐质量阻尼器(DMTMD)比多重凋谐质量阻尼器(MTMD)具有更好的有效性和对频率调谐的鲁棒性。DMTMD比双重调谐质量阻尼器(DTMD)具有更好的有效性，而DMTMD和DT—MD对频率调谐的鲁棒性近似相同。因此，双层多重调谐质量阻尼器是一种先进的结构控制策略。     

Measuring magnetic field in the 'diamagnetic' ionosphere

Satellite magnetometers sometimes pass through regions of plasma, such as the terrestrial ionosphere, where the ionization is large enough that some of the original ambient field is excluded from the plasma. This reduction of field inside the plasma region comes from the 'diamagnetic' effect of the charged particles in their helical trajectory around the magnetic field lines. The (container of the) magnetometer will exclude the plasma, and a simple-minded approach, treating the ionosphere in the same way as for a conventional diamagnetic fluid, predicts that the field seen by the magnetometer will be somewhat larger than the (reduced) field in the plasma. However, the 'diamagnetic' properties of the ionosphere are quite different from those of a conventional diamagnetic. In particular, there is a 'reflection' of the ionospheric charged particles at the surface of the magnetometer, and the overall effect is that the magnetometer does actually measure the field present in the plasma before the magnetometer is inserted. Similarly, any leakage fields from the magnetometer have no effect in the magnetosphere.     

新时期农村产业结构优化调整研究

通过在农村长期的工作实践和对农村经济发展的考察,依据当前国内外发展对农村产业经济发展的要求,分析研究我国和河南省农村产业结构的发展现状和动态变化,提出农村产业结构调整的指导思想、原则及目标,据此,从农村产业结构调整、农业产业结构调整和种植业结构调整3个层次,研究提出农村产业结构调整的基本思路和方向,为有关部门决策农村经济发展提供科学依据.     

Identification of modal parameters of non‐classically damped linear structures under multi‐component earthquake loading

A method for parametric system identification of classically damped linear system in frequency domain is adopted and extended for non‐classically damped linear systems subjected up to six components of earthquake ground motions. This method is able to work in multi‐input/multi‐output (MIMO) case. The response of a two‐degree‐of‐freedom model with non‐classical damping, excited by one‐component earthquake ground motion, is simulated and used to verify the proposed system identification method in the single‐input/multi‐output case. Also, the records of a 10 storey real building during the Northridge earthquake is used to verify the proposed system identification method in the MIMO case. In this case, at first, a single‐input/multi‐output assumption is considered for the system and modal parameters are identified, then other components of earthquake ground motions are added, respectively, and the modal parameters are identified again. This procedure is repeated until all four components of earthquake ground motions which are measured at the base level of the building are included in the identification process. The results of identification of real building show that consideration of non‐classical damping and inclusion of the multi‐components effect of earthquake ground motions can improve the least‐squares match between the finite Fourier transforms of recorded and calculated acceleration responses. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

自动确定图像二值化最佳阈值的新方法

在详细分析二值化处理原理及当前技术的前提下，综合考虑图像的各种实际情况，提出了自动确定图像二值化阈值的增强大津法和边缘检测阈值法。多次实验表明，根据这两种方法确定的阈值对图像进行二值化处理，不仅可有效地解决图像灰度随地特征变化的图像处理问题，同时对于同一信号源的图像也有相当理想的处理效果，该方法可进一步应用于图像分割等。     

Evaluation of response and energy in actively controlled structures

A computational method of energy evaluation is derived to study the elastic responses and energy distribution of actively controlled single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) structures during earthquakes. Contrary to the common perception that applying active control force pumps energy into the structure, the applied control force can actually reduce the energy in the structure by reducing the input energy from earthquakes to the structure. In addition, applying control force can dissipate a large amount of energy in the structure when this control force is applied in the direction opposite to the displacement and velocity responses. To demonstrate this energy mechanism in active controlled structures, the two most popular control algorithms, optimal linear control (OLC) and instantaneous optimal control (IOC) algorithms, are used to calculate the control response and energy spectra. One‐step time delay is incorporated into the algorithms to take into consideration the practical aspect of active control. The effects of different earthquakes and damping ratios on control energy and response spectra are studied. These studies show that both OLC and IOC are very effective in reducing the structural displacement and velocity responses by reducing the input earthquake energy as well as dissipating a large amount of energy in the structure. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effectiveness of structural control based on control energy perspectives

A computational algorithm for maximizing the control efficiency in actively controlling the elastic structural responses during earthquake is proposed. Study of optimal linear control using a single degree of freedom shows that applying active control is very effective in reducing the structural displacement and velocity responses for long‐period structures, but at the same time it has an adverse effect in increasing the absolute acceleration response. The extent of this adverse effect reduces the effectiveness of the control system, and therefore it poses a limit on the maximum control force in order to provide maximum control efficiency. In view of this shortcoming, maximum control energy dissipation is used to define the most effective optimal linear control law. Less displacement and velocity response are expected as larger control force is applied, but there is always a limit that maximum control energy can be dissipated. This study shows that this limit depends on the structural characteristics as well as the input ground motion, and a general trend is that the maximum control energy decreases as damping increases. Finally, application of the proposed algorithm on a six‐storey hospital building is presented to show the effectiveness of using optimal linear control on a multi‐degree‐of‐freedom system from the control energy perspectives. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

河套灌区井渠联合运用优化灌溉模型

针对河套灌区的地面水与地下水联合运用问题,提出了井渠结合优化灌溉模型,以最佳种植模式和最优工程运行策略,达到控制地下水位、防治土壤盐碱化、获得农作物稳产高产的目的.模型有调蓄地面水源、土壤贮水层、地下含水层的能力.优化计算成果与266.7hm2试验示范区的实际运行结果相吻合,节水、节能、增产及控制地下水位、改良盐碱地等效果十分显著,这对发展节水型灌溉农业具有重要的现实意义.     

地质统计学方法在井间储层参数预测中的应用

本文探讨了利用地质统计学中的三种克立格方法进行井间储层参数预测的原理及方法,并在某油田中应用,通过最优性检验,建立起了适合研究区地质特点的各种储层参数的最佳估计模型,揭示了储层参数在三维空间的变化规律,为建立三维储层预测模型开辟了新的方法。