丰台地震台和房山地震台三维形变观测数据对比分析

丰台地震台和房山地震台数字化三维形变观测曲线均有年变化,但年变化相反,可能与两台站分别位于八宝山内支、外支断裂带有关,且主要由于内支断裂和外支断裂结构的不同引起,断层的不同结构及力学性质,决定了两个台站三维形变观测资料的变化规律不一致。     

An In‐Depth Characterization of Urban Aerosols Using Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Analysis

The physical and chemical characterization of aerosols from three large cities, Karachi and Islamabad, Pakistan, and New York City (NYC), USA, was investigated. A scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) was used to determine particle morphology and elemental composition of the samples. A Bruker Spirit system in combination with a Sahara detector provided both computer controlled Automated Chemical Classification (ACC) and digital mapping features for analysis purposes. The use of these two features to characterize the elemental composition, particle size, and to determine specific classes or source types is described in this paper. Filters were analyzed for the following elements; Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Br, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Ba, La, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, and U. The EDS work was qualitative not quantitative. Seven source types (mobile, cement, soil, steel mill, fossil fuel, sea salt and biological) contributed to particulate matter in the ambient air of both cities in Pakistan, whereas there were eight source types (diesel, road dust, automobile, iron, residual fuel oil, sea salt, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate) for NYC. For all three urban centers, vehicular traffic emissions were the main contributor to particle number. Diesel emissions from trucks and buses were relatively more prominent in NYC aerosols, while gasoline emission from automotive exhaust was dominant in the two cities of Pakistan. The cement/limestone component from local cement industries was very evident in both particle surface characteristics and number for both Karachi and Islamabad, but not in NYC air. Sea salt aerosols were seen in the two coastal cities, Karachi and NYC. It was also witnessed in Islamabad aerosols and was attributable to the mining of rock salt at the world's richest salt mine, Khewra, situated upwind from the city.     

自来水管线符号库的制作及扫描矢量化

随着地理信息系统(Geograph ic Information System,简称G IS)的飞速发展和数字地球的提出,空间数据在诸如航空、遥感、测绘、交通、水电等不同领域展现出日益强大的生命力。空间数据采集的手段有很多,纸制图的数字化是G IS中空间数据采集的主要手段之一。结合广州市白云区和海珠区自来水管网矢量化生产实践,介绍了用ArcG IS完成自来水管线图扫描矢量化的整个过程,包括图象处理、配准、数字化、检查、图形接边等各个工序的实现方法,其中着重介绍了符号库的制作和地图接边及检查等技术问题。实践表明,该方法是一种简便、实用的扫描矢量化方法。     

2018年1月南方雨雪天气的形成及其与冬季风异常的关系

2018年1月3～7日和24～28日,我国南方地区出现了两次雨雪冰冻事件。本文利用台站观测资料和再分析资料,研究了它们的形成原因及其与冬季风异常的关系。结果表明,两次降水过程中,乌拉尔山地区有高压脊稳定维持,西风带多小波动活动,南支扰动活跃。受冷空气和南支槽等系统的影响,南方地区出现大范围降水、降雪,而这种稳定形势与平流层的环流特征有关系。1月平均的平流层极涡强度异常偏强,有利于低层环流的稳定。在1月份,南北不同纬带冬季风的强度有着显著的差别,大多数情况下呈现了不一致甚至相反的态势。南方雨雪冰冻天气往往发生在北方北风偏强、而南方南风偏强的时候。在季节尺度上,当冬季风呈现“北强南弱”的反相变化模态时,即北方北风、南方南风距平时,南方地区容易出现雨雪天气。     

一种自动扫描地震漏检事件方法的研究与实现

地震事件的自动处理过程中会发生遗漏.台站数量越多,地震分析员在手动扫描遗漏事件时所花费的时间就越长.本文讨论了一种自动扫描漏检事件的方法,该方法利用分析员的分析经验,结合台站分布状况和地球物理学规则,重新关联那些具有很可能来自特定震源区域而未被分析员关联的信号,以形成一个待验证的事件,供分析员审定.该方法大大减少了分析员的工作量,提高了地震公报的质量.     

Image-based correlation of Laser Scanning point cloud time series for landslide monitoring

Very high resolution monitoring of landslide kinematics is an important aspect for a physical understanding of the failure mechanisms and for quantifying the associated hazard. In the last decade, the potential of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) to monitor slow-moving landslides has been largely demonstrated but accurate processing methods are still needed to extract useful information available in point cloud time series. This work presents an approach to measure the 3D deformation and displacement patterns from repeated TLS surveys. The method is based on the simplification of a 3D matching problem in a 2D matching problem by using a 2D statistical normalized cross-correlation function. The computed displacement amplitudes are compared to displacements (1) calculated with the classical approach of Iterative Closest Point and (2) measured from repeated dGPS observations. The performance of the method is tested on a 3 years dataset acquired at the Super-Sauze landslide (South French Alps). The observed landslide displacements are heterogeneous in time and space. Within the landslide, sub-areas presenting different deformation patterns (extension, compression) are detected by a strain analysis. It is demonstrated that pore water pressure changes within the landslide is the main controlling factor of the kinematics.     

一次极端降水的中尺度雨团分析

利用常规观测资料、ECMWF ERA-Interim 0.125°×0.125°分析资料、FY-2G 卫星云图和多普勒天气雷达资料等,对2017年8 月18-19 日漯河极端降水的中尺度特征及降水成因进行分析.结果表明:(1)本次过程在200 hPa 高空分流区、500 hPa 高空槽以及副热带高压、低层急流切变、地面...