多色彩高空间分辨率遥感影像矢量边缘信息提取算法与应用

相对单波段灰度影像而言,多波段高空间分辨率遥感影像中可用于边缘检测的光谱信息更加丰富。鉴于Canny算子在灰度图像边缘检测中的优越性能,本文利用输出融合策略对其适用于高空间分辨率遥感影像矢量边缘检测作了改进。基于可视化开发平台VC++.NET,编程实现了福州市航拍的高空间分辨率遥感影像红绿蓝三个标准波段在RGB、IHS、Y IQ、YUV、C IELUV色彩空间中对各种地物矢量边缘信息的有效提取。对高空间分辨率遥感影像矢量边缘各分量的分析认为,由于波谱范围差异的影响,在上述色彩空间中不同地物类型边缘检测时响应程度具有显著的不同。本文研究结果表明,该算法参数设置和色彩空间选择对高空间分辨率遥感影像矢量边缘信息提取有较大的影响。     

Blasius方程中临界值的分析估计

证明了流体力学边界层理论中著名的Blasius方程的一个新性质,它在二维平板流的研究中具有重要的作用,由此建立它的积分形式,并给出方程中的临界值βc的分析估计。     

医用CT仪上基于衰减的曝光量和峰值电压自动控制基本等式

为了给患者以最少的辐射剂量而不影响诊断,现行医用CT仪都有基于噪声指标的自动曝光量控制。峰值电压对于图像质量和辐射剂量影响都很大,因此自动峰值电压控制很重要。本文从图像质量和辐射剂量优化的第一原理出发,给出基于衰减的曝光量和峰值电压同时自动控制的一般等式。此等式可用于单独曝光量自动控制或者单独峰值电压自动控制。对于单独暴光量自动控制,此等式要求对患者体厚度毎增加一厘米,曝光量要增加3.8%。对于单独峰值电压自动控制,此等式要求对患者体厚度每增加一厘米,峰值电压要平均增加1.53%。如果患者体厚度是常数,此等式要求平均百分比曝光量增加是百分比峰值电压减少的2.49倍。这些等式应该可以在现行医用CT仪上用于曝光量和峰值电压的自动控制。      

等效水力隙宽和水力梯度对岩体裂隙网络非线性渗流特性的影响

等效水力隙宽和水力梯度是影响岩体裂隙网络渗流特性的重要因素。制作裂隙网络试验模型,建立高精度渗流试验系统;求解纳维-斯托克斯方程,模拟流体在裂隙网络内的流动状态,研究等效水力隙宽和水力梯度对非线性渗流特性的影响。结果表明,当水力梯度较小时,等效渗透系数保持恒定的常数,流体流动属于达西流动区域,流量与压力具有线性关系,可采用立方定律计算流体流动;当水力梯度较大时,等效渗透系数随着水力梯度的增加而急剧减少,流体流动进入强惯性效应流动区域,流量与压力具有强烈的非线性关系,可采用Forchheimer方程计算流体流动。随着等效水力隙宽的增加,区别线性和非线性流动区域的临界水力梯度呈幂函数关系递减。当水力梯度小于临界水力梯度时,控制方程可选立方定律;当水力梯度大于临界水力梯度时,控制方程可选Forchheimer方程,其参数A和B可根据经验公式计算得到。其研究结果可为临界水力梯度的确定及流体流动控制方程的选取提供借鉴意义。     

TTI介质qP波逆时偏移中伪横波噪声压制方法

在对地下复杂构造介质,特别是盐丘侧翼及岩下区域进行成像时,相对于传统的各向同性逆时偏移和VTI逆时偏移,具有倾斜对称轴的TTI逆时偏移成像效果最优.不仅反射同相轴更加的连续,而且能量得到了更好的聚焦.传统的各向异性介质全弹性波RTM的计算量大且计算效率低.由于目前仍以纵波勘探为主,因此TTI逆时偏移qP波波动方程的选取显得尤为重要.为了提高计算效率,采用将沿着对称轴方向的横波速度设为零的方法,简化得到qP波波动方程.然而,这样会引入一种严重影响成像效果的低速度、低振幅的qSV波人为干扰.本文建立了qP波方程的完全匹配层控制方程,而后借助于辅助波场采用一种高效的压制伪横波噪声传播的方法,通过模型测试验证了该方法的有效性.     

Dynamic model of mesoscale eddies. Eddy parameterization for coarse resolution ocean circulation models

In the framework of the eddy dynamic model developed in two previous papers (Dubovikov, M.S., Dynamical model of mesoscale eddies, Geophys. Astophys. Fluid Dyn., 2003, 97, 311–358; Canuto, V.M. and Dubovikov, M.S., Modeling mesoscale eddies, Ocean Modelling, 2004, 8, 1–30 referred as I–II), we compute the contribution of unresolved mesoscale eddies to the large-scale dynamic equations of the ocean. In isopycnal coordinates, in addition to the bolus velocity discussed in I–II, the mesoscale contribution to the large scale momentum equation is derived. Its form is quite different from the traditional down-gradient parameterization. The model solutions in isopycnal coordinates are transformed to level coordinates to parameterize the eddy contributions to the corresponding large scale density and momentum equations. In the former, the contributions due to the eddy induced velocity and to the residual density flux across mean isopycnals (so called Σ-term) are derived, both contributions being shown to be of the same order. As for the large scale momentum equation, as well as in isopycnal coordinates, the eddy contribution has a form which is quite different from the down-gradient expression.     

Nonlinear pulsations of horizontal jets

A shallow-water model with horizontally nonuniform density is used to study the dynamics of jet flows that arise under the influence of buoyancy and the Coriolis force. Within this approach, the jet is described by a self-similar compactly-localized solution and interpreted as a band of shear flow having a temperature contrast with the ambient fluid. In addition to stationary states, the dynamics of such jets admit cyclonic rotation with a constant angular velocity and transverse nonlinear pulsations. The phase portrait corresponding to this model shows that regimes with pulsating jets develop along closed trajectories bounded by the separatrix loop. The theory predicts that the period for warm jet pulsations is longer than the inertial oscillation period caused by the Earth’s rotation, while for cold jet pulsations, it is shorter. Thus, only warm jets can have a noticeable effect on the atmospheric dynamics in the synoptic range. In particular, they may well be responsible for additional spectral peaks that appear in this range of wind speed fluctuations.     

低空遥感数字影像的点特征提取算子的比较

低空遥感是遥感影像数据获取的重要手段之一,点特征是最常用的影像特征,目前存在多种点特征提取算法.本文根据低空遥感数字影像的特点和实际应用中的要求,利用探测速度、适应性、提取效能三个特征提取算法的比较标准对常用的点特征提取算子进行了比较.为针对不同特点的低空遥感数字影像,选择某点特征提取算法提供依据.     

VTI介质中准P波方程叠前逆时深度偏移

根据具有垂直对称轴的横向各向同性（VTI）介质中的一阶准P波方程,导出了该方程在交错网格中逆时延拓的高阶有限差分格式,给出了其稳定性条件,采用完全匹配层吸收边界条件解决边界反射问题,分别应用下行波最大能量法和归一化互相关成像条件, 实现了VTI介质中准P波方程的叠前逆时深度偏移．各向异性Marmousi模型的试算结果表明,VTI介质准P波方程叠前逆时深度偏移算法不受地下构造倾角和介质横向速度变化的限制,对复杂模型具有良好的成像能力;应用归一化互相关成像条件能得到更好的成像效果．对比该模型的各向异性和各向同性逆时偏移剖面表明,在各向异性地区采集的纵波数据用各向异性偏移算法理论上能得到更好的成像结果．      

A wetting and drying algorithm with a combined pressure/free-surface formulation for non-hydrostatic models

A wetting and drying method for free-surface problems for the three-dimensional, non-hydrostatic Navier–Stokes equations is proposed. The key idea is to use a horizontally fixed mesh and to apply different boundary conditions on the free-surface in wet and dry zones. In wet areas a combined pressure/free-surface kinematic boundary condition is applied, while in dry areas a positive water level and a no-normal flow boundary condition are enforced. In addition, vertical mesh movement is performed to accurately represent the free-surface motion. Non-physical flow in the remaining thin layer in dry areas is naturally prevented if a Manning–Strickler bottom drag is used. The treatment of the wetting and drying processes applied through the boundary condition yields great flexibility to the discretisation used. Specifically, a fully unstructured mesh with any finite element choice and implicit time discretisation method can be applied. The resulting method is mass conservative, stable and accurate. It is implemented within Fluidity-ICOM [1] and verified against several idealized test cases and a laboratory experiment of the Okushiri tsunami.