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71.
Observational estimation of heat budgets on drifting ice and open water over the Arctic Ocean 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
It is of major scientific interests to determine the parameters of momentum, heat and vapor exchange in the planetary boundary layer in order to study the effects of ocean-ice-atmosphere interactions and their feedback mechanisms on global climate[1]. Lin… 相似文献
72.
The directionality of thermal radiance of a homogeneous isothermal non-black plane surface is totally decided by its directional emissivity, which depends on the complex dielectric constant and roughness of surface. It can be expressed by This paper proves that it is necessary to express emissivity by a matrix when a target becomes an inhomogeneous non-isothermal open complex with complicated inner geometric structure. The matrix describes the inner radiative interaction among components accurately and also expresses its thermal radiative directionality and structural characteristics completely. Advantages of matrix expression are as follows: first, the physical mechanics of effective emissivity of an open complex is described in a simple and perfect way; second, it becomes easy to understand the principle and method to retrieve components temperature from multi-angle thermal remotely sensed data; and third, the differences of directionalities between an open complex and a homogeneous isothermal non-black plane body are expressed by just using an effective emissivity matrix instead of an emissivity vector. Formula in classic physics is only the special case of matrix expression; therefore, the matrix is a universal unconditional expression to describe the directionality of thermal radiance. 相似文献
73.
Ian A. Bonnell & Melvyn B. Davies 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,295(3):691-698
We investigate the evolutionary effect of dynamical mass segregation in young stellar clusters. Dynamical mass segregation acts on a time-scale of order the relaxation time of a cluster. Although some degree of mass segregation occurs earlier, the position of massive stars in rich young clusters generally reflects the cluster's initial conditions. In particular, the positions of the massive stars in the Trapezium cluster in Orion cannot be due to dynamical mass segregation, but indicate that they formed in, or near, the centre of the cluster. Implications of this for cluster formation and for the formation of high-mass stars are discussed. 相似文献
74.
75.
The morphometry of chutes (couloirs), rock funnels, and open cirques are related to the structure of dissected rock masses in the Kananaskis region of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Data for ten morphometric variables were derived from digital elevation models of 56 open rock basins. The basins were classified structurally according to the relative orientations of bedding planes and the rock slopes. A hypothesis of no differences in morphometry among structural classes is rejected from the results of nonparametric analysis of variance and paired comparisons of rank scores. Basins on dip and overdip slopes have a distinct size, and those on anaclinal slopes have a distinct width and shape. Variation in morphometry from low compactness and area/relief (chutes) to high compactness and low area/relief (funnels) to high compactness and area/relief (open cirques) corresponds to a change in dominant structure from orthoclinal to dip-overdip to underdip to anaclinal. The dip of bedding planes relative to the slope of rockwalls controls the mode of initial displacement of joint blocks and, thereby, the spatial distribution of the retreat of rockwalls. The angle between the rock slope and the strike of dipping strata determines whether beds of differing stability form chutes and buttresses (orthoclinal slopes), or extend across rockwalls (cataclinal and anaclinal slopes) and retreat at similar rates to form funnels and open cirques. The optimal structure for large compact rock basins is anaclinal, and the least favourable is cataclinal dip-overdip slopes. Topoclimate and other geologic structures may account for variance in morphometry not explained by differences among structural classes. 相似文献
76.
A numerical study for estimating the tidal open boundary conditions of a shelf current modrl from tb coastal tidal observations
is presented. The method is based on the optimal control/adjoint method. A lrast square fitting of the model state to simulated
data is used. Two ideal domains and coastlines are considered. Using the IAP shallow. water model and its adjoint model, some
identical twin experiments are carried out to test efficiency and lirnilsd of the method. The results show that the adjoint
method can efficiently estimate the open boundary conditions well for gulf/bay like domains. The adjoint method seems to have
great potential to improve the accuracy of tide and shelf current modeling in coastal regions.
Project supported hy the National Natural Science Fuundation of China (Grant No. 49376256) 相似文献
77.
Jun-Liang Zhao Li Chen 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2007,7(4):572-578
On the reasonable hypothesis that the internal motions of member stars of a cluster are random and isotropic, a method which can be used to estimate the velocity distance of the cluster and its uncertainty is developed. The velocity distance so determined is an absolute distance estimate, and is completely independent of the (widely used) luminosity distance, which is a relative distance estimate. Using the published high-accuracy observational data of radial velocities and proper motions of the stars in the open cluster M11 region, we have determined the distance of M11 to be 1.89 ± 0.52kpc. This is in quite good agreement with the published luminosity distances of the cluster. We briefly discuss the problems concerned, including the sources of errors in the method and its applicable range. 相似文献
78.
79.
Daniel Malmberg Francesca De Angeli Melvyn B. Davies Ross P. Church Dougal Mackey Mark I. Wilkinson 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,378(3):1207-1216
The stars that populate the solar neighbourhood were formed in stellar clusters. Through N -body simulations of these clusters, we measure the rate of close encounters between stars. By monitoring the interaction histories of each star, we investigate the singleton fraction in the solar neighbourhood. A singleton is a star which formed as a single star, has never experienced any close encounters with other stars or binaries, or undergone an exchange encounter with a binary. We find that, of the stars which formed as single stars, a significant fraction is not singletons once the clusters have dispersed. If some of these stars had planetary systems, with properties similar to those of the Solar System, the planets' orbits may have been perturbed by the effects of close encounters with other stars or the effects of a companion star within a binary. Such perturbations can lead to strong planet–planet interactions which eject several planets, leaving the remaining planets on eccentric orbits. Some of the single stars exchange into binaries. Most of these binaries are broken up via subsequent interactions within the cluster, but some remain intact beyond the lifetime of the cluster. The properties of these binaries are similar to those of the observed binary systems containing extrasolar planets. Thus, dynamical processes in young stellar clusters will alter significantly any population of Solar System-like planetary systems. In addition, beginning with a population of planetary systems exactly resembling the Solar System around single stars, dynamical encounters in young stellar clusters may produce at least some of the extrasolar planetary systems observed in the solar neighbourhood. 相似文献
80.
S. L. Casewell P. D. Dobbie S. T. Hodgkin E. Moraux R. F. Jameson N. C. Hambly J. Irwin N. Lodieu 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,378(3):1131-1140
We present the results of a deep optical–near-infrared (optical–NIR) multi-epoch survey covering 2.5 deg2 of the Pleiades open star cluster to search for new very low-mass brown dwarf members. A significant (∼5 yr) epoch difference exists between the optical (CFH12k I -, Z -band) and NIR (UKIRT WFCAM J -band) observations. We construct I , I − Z and Z , Z − J colour–magnitude diagrams to select candidate cluster members. Proper motions are computed for all candidate members and compared to the background field objects to further refine the sample. We recover all known cluster members within the area of our survey. In addition, we have discovered nine new candidate brown dwarf cluster members. The seven faintest candidates have red Z − J colours and show blue NIR colours. These are consistent with being L- and T-type Pleiads. Theoretical models predict their masses to be around 11 M Jup . 相似文献