低溶氧生物膜反应器对城郊低浓度混合污水进入湿地前的预处理

采用低溶氧生物膜反应器对滇池北岸村镇混合污水进行预处理,旨在去除难以自然沉淀的固体污染物,便于后续湿地深度净化.以小试规模在现场自然条件下进行了12个月的连续动态模拟实验,结果表明,水力负荷3-12m31/(m2d)、气水比为1:1-2:1、DO浓度基本维持在O.1-2.Omg/L时,生物膜反应器对污水中有机物能够有效去除,进水COD负荷低于0.58kg/(m3d的情况下.去除率可稳定在60%以上.低溶氧条件下生物膜脱落缓慢,膜厚度达到 800pm,增强了对进水SS的拦截、吸附作用.SS平均去除率达到了90.7%.实验发现低溶氧条件下系统对氮、磷仍具有一定的去除效果.降低曝气量后运行能耗明显减小,以4000t/d的处理规模计算,运行费用在0.05-0.1元/t尽管混合污水中COD、SS浓度波动范围大,但反应器出水及生物膜的生长都能保持相对稳定,为后续湿地系统的稳定运行提供了保障,试验为滇池流域城郊水污染控制提供了新的技术途径与应用参考.     

Optimization of the Coagulation–Flocculation Process for Slaughterhouse Wastewater Using Response Surface Methodology

Slaughterhouse wastewater is one of the main sources of environmental pollutants, containing a high amount of organic matter (chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)), total nitrogen (TN), total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), grease, and oil. The main aim of the present research is optimizing the coagulation–flocculation process and examining the effects of experimental factors with each other, for example, pH, the concentration of two different coagulants (FeCl₃ and alum), rapid mixing rate, and settling time. Therefore, it is aimed to treat slaughterhouse wastewater using the coagulation–flocculation process with the optimization of the response surface methodology (RSM). COD, turbidity, and suspended solids (SS) of the treated wastewater are chosen as the response variables. Furthermore, the optimal conditions for three responses are acquired by employing the desirability function approach. When the experimental results of two coagulants are compared, it is observed that the alum coagulant gave better results for the three responses. The alum coagulant utilized in the present research is able to increase COD, SS, and turbidity removal efficiency by 75.25%, 90.16%, and 91.18%, respectively. It is possible to optimize coagulation–flocculation by utilizing the RSM analysis, which proves that coagulation can pre‐treat slaughterhouse wastewater.     

硝化-膜生物反应器处理氨氮废水的研究

为充分考察膜生物反应器的硝化性能 ,采用活性污泥比消化速率 ,对膜生物反应器处理氨氮废水的硝化性能进行了研究。结果表明 :在容积负荷 1.0 96kgNH+ 4 -N/(m3 ·d)的条件下 ,硝化性能稳定 ,氨氮转化为硝酸盐氮的转化率可达 99% ;亚硝化菌和硝化菌在活性污泥中占优势 ,系统中出现了胞外多聚物和可溶性微生物产物的积累。     

海水工厂化养殖废水循环利用的初步探讨

以海水工厂化养殖排出的废水养殖双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes phi-lippinarum)、长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)和细基江蓠(Gracilariatenuistipitata).结果表明:双齿围沙蚕耐污染能力最强;细基江蓠和双齿围沙蚕具有较强的净化水质能力.养殖废水经7 d处理后,NH4+-N、NoO3--N、NO2--N、PO43--P、COD和底质有机物分别下降至处理前的11.20%、23.69%、27.50%、14.6%、3.2%和0.32%,且沙蚕和江蓠平均日生长率分别为2.30 mg/g·d和80 mg/g·d.该方法不但能净化水质,还能实现养殖废水的循环利用.     

青岛市城市污水处理厂污泥成分分析及利用方式初步研究

为确定青岛市城市污水处理厂污泥资源化利用途径，对三座典型污水处理厂的脱水污泥进行采样和成分分析。结果表明：所有污泥偏碱性（pH=8．68-8．81），含水率较高（70％-83％）；污泥中有机质、氮、磷、钾含量丰富；污泥中重金属和B的含量较低，均符合国家〈农用污泥中污染物控制标准）。这种污泥进行卫生填埋时，不仅浪费资源，还存在一定的安全隐患，施工难度大，渗滤液无法有效处理等问题。污泥焚烧则会产生含有致癌物的烟气，且处理成本昂贵。最为适宜的污泥利用方式是堆肥后作为林地、花卉的肥料。对于处理生活污水产生的污泥，则应首先提取细胞蛋白作为动物饲料添加剂，其余部分再作为肥料。     

芽孢对提高好氧颗粒污泥环境耐受力的作用

为研究好氧颗粒污泥中大量存在的芽孢对其环境耐受力的作用,将好氧颗粒污泥经过低温无营养、高温高压、冷冻和紫外线处理后,监测其活性恢复过程中2,6-吡啶二羧酸根(dpa)的释放、比耗氧速率(SOUR)和以还原2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)为标志的脱氢酶的活性变化.实验结果显示,好氧颗粒污泥中大量存在的芽孢在不良环境条件下处于休眠状态,环境条件改善后能迅速转化为繁殖体细胞,进行正常的代谢活动.作为潜在的生命力,好氧颗粒污泥对不良环境的耐受力增强.芽孢是好氧颗粒污泥不容忽视的重要组分.     

Biosorption and desorption of Cd^2＋ from wastewater by dehydrated shreds of Cladophorafascicularis

The adsorption and desorption of algae Cladophora fascicularis and their relation with initial Cd^2＋ concentration, initial pH, and co-existing ions were studied. Adsorption equilibrium and biosorption kinetics were established from batch experiments. The adsorption equilibrium was adequately described by the Langmuir isotherm, and biosorption kinetics was in pseudo-second order model. The experiment on co-existing ions showed that the biosorption capacity of biomass decreased with an increasing concentration of competing ions. Desorption experiments indicated that EDTA was efficient desorbent for recovery from Cd^2＋. With high capacities of metal biosorption and desorption, the biomass of Cladophora fascicularis is promising as a cost-effective biosorbent for the removal of Cd^2＋ from wastewater.     

UASB/接触氧化工艺处理玉米淀粉废水研究

针对锦州某玉米深加工企业采用UASB/生物接触氧化方法处理玉米淀粉生产废水,研究主要对UASB反应器启动、运行以及颗粒污泥的结构特性进行实践与探讨。结果表明：UASB反应器经过启动阶段、负荷提高阶段以及稳定运行阶段后,可实现进水量为4513 m3•d-1,进水CODCr平均浓度为7867 mg•L-1,反应器CODCr负荷为7.3 kg•m-3•d-1,出水CODCr浓度为480 mg•L-1,去除率为94%,运行稳定。     

人工湿地污水处理系统对氮磷的净化效果研究

人工湿地是一种新型的污水处理工艺。以沈阳市浑南新区人工湿地示范工程为研究对象,分析了人工湿地污水处理系统对氮磷的净化效果,探讨了垂直流湿地系统以及自由表面流湿地系统对氮磷的净化机理。结果表明:垂直流湿地对总氮有一定的净化效果,但稳定性较差。氨氮和总磷的去除率在运行期间始终保持较高水平,平均去除率分别为97.75%和81.03%;表面流湿地对总氮的净化受温度影响,湿地植物对氮磷的净化受生长环境和季节的影响。