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以流线、流面、汇点的概念为基础,对稳定流双井干扰和直线隔水边界附近涌水量理论公式进行对比分析,提出了二个虚拟界面,其中虚拟界面Ⅰ,运用流线、流面的性质,流线方程等给出证明;虚拟界面Ⅱ则通过半无限条形降落漏斗的分析,应用元流和总流的能量方程得到流量为零,流线为零的平面。在同样条件下,条形无限涌水量是半无限潜含水层涌水量的二倍。应用总流能量方程对三种情况水头损失的分析,解释了这种关系存在的合理性,得出虚拟界面Ⅱ,并以此得出该界面内的最大残余水头计算公式。将基坑降水运用虚拟界面简化为扇形,条形半无限含水层,从而实现单井预测,该方法应用到昊华水泥厂基坑降水中,预测效果理想。 相似文献
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The plane-wave reflection and transmission coefficients at a plane interface between two anisotropic media constitute the elements of the elastic scattering matrix. For a 1-D anisotropic medium the eigenvector decomposition of the system matrix of the transformed elasto-dynamic equations is used to derive a general expression for the scattering matrix. Depending on the normalization of the eigenvectors, the expressions give scattering coefficients for amplitudes or for vertical energy flux.Computing the vertical slownesses and the corresponding polarizations, the eigenvector matrix and its inverse can be found. We give a simple formula for the inverse, regardless of the normalization of the eigenvectors. When the eigenvectors are normalized with respect to amplitudes of displacement (or velocity), the calculation of the scattering matrix for amplitudes is simplified.When the relative changes in all parameters are small, a weak-contrast approximation of the scattering matrix, based on the exactly determined polarization vectors in an average medium, is obtained. The same approximation is also derived directly from the transformed elasto-dynamic equations for a smooth vertically inhomogeneous medium, proving the consistency of the approximation.For monoclinic media, with the mirror symmetry plane parallel to the interface, the approximative scattering matrix is given in terms of analytic expressions for the non-normalized eigenvectors and vertical slownesses. For transversely isotropic media with a vertical axis of symmetry (VTI) and isotropic media, explicit solutions for the weak-contrast approximations of the scattering matrices have been obtained. The scattering matrix for amplitudes for isotropic media is well known. The scattering matrix for vertical energy flux may have applications in AVO analysis and inversion due to the reciprocity of the reflection coefficients for converted waves.Numerical examples for monoclinic and VTI media provide good agreement between the approximative and the exact reflection matrices. It is, however, expected that the approximations cannot be used when the symmetry properties of the two media are very different. This is because the approximation relies on a small relative contrast between the eigenvectors in the two media.Presented at the Workshop Meeting on Seismic Waves in Laterally Inhomogeneous Media, Castle of Trest, Czech Republic, May 22–27, 1995. 相似文献
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Implications of the relationship between catchment vegetation type and the variability of annual runoff 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The impact of changing catchment vegetation type on mean annual runoff has been known for some time, however, the impact on the variability of annual runoff has been established only recently. Differences in annual actual evapotranspiration between vegetation types and the potential effect of changing vegetation type on mean annual runoff and the variability of annual runoff are briefly reviewed. The magnitude of any change in the variability of annual runoff owing to a change in catchment vegetation type is related to the pre‐ and post‐change vegetation types and the seasonality of precipitation, assuming that the variability of annual precipitation remains constant throughout. Significant implications of the relationship between vegetation type and the variability of annual runoff are presented and discussed for water resource management, stream ecology and fluvial geomorphology. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Neotectonic Control on the Geomorphic Evolution of the Gangotri Glacier Valley, Garhwal Himalaya 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The paper records evidences of neotectonic activities in the Gangotri glacier valley that are found to be responsible for the present-day geomorphic set-up of the area since the last phase of major glaciation. Geomorphological features indicate the presence of a large glacier in the valley in the geological past. Prominent planar structures present in the rocks were later on modified into sets of normal faults in the present-day Himalayan tectonic set-up giving rise to graben structures. The block nearest the snout is traversed by the NW-SE trending Gaumukh fault. A number of terraces mark the entrenchment of Bhagirathi River in this part. The contrasting drainage morphometric parameters of two sides of the valley and asymmetric recessional patterns of the tributary glaciers further document movement along the fault. The distribution and orientation of debris fans also seem to be controlled by neotectonic activity. The neotectonic activity that followed the process of deglaciation has brought the glacially carved, wide U- shaped valley in contact with the present-day fluvially incised narrow and relatively deep valley. The wider segments have become sites of active deposition of glacially eroded debris. The low gradient and excessive filling has resulted in the river attaining a braided nature in these segments. 相似文献
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中国古大陆及其边缘早古生代层序地层及海平面变化的基本特征 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
着重总结了我国古大陆及其边缘早古生代大层序(megasequence,一级层序)和中层序(mesosequence,二级层序),以及一级、二级海平面变化的基本特征,并与国外早古生代海平面变化进行对比.我国3大古陆(华北陆块、扬子陆块、塔里木陆块)及其边缘早古生代大层序可划分为两个(MG-1,MG-2).中层序划分为5个(MS-1,MS-2,MS-3,MS-4,MS-5).MG-1包括MS-1,MS-2和MS-3,时限为94~112Ma(寒武纪和早奥陶世),底以巨大不整合为界,顶以著名巨大沉没不整合为限,沉积了我国显生宙大部分的碳酸盐岩,赋存着丰富的油气和各种金属及非金属矿产.MG-2包括MS-4和MS-5,时限为58~68Ma(中、晚奥陶世和志留纪),底界以巨大沉没不整合为界,为硅质碎屑-碳酸盐岩组合.海平面变化的级别划分对应于层序.中国3大古陆及其边缘早古生代海平面变化的总貌:MGSC-1初期普遍发生快速海进,海平面升高,尔后海平面下降,其间有多期次的小幅度海进和海退变化.MGSC-2则普遍海平面升高,上升幅度大于MGSC-1,尔后逐渐下降. 相似文献
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苏里格庙气田主要产气层为上古生界石盒子组盒8段,属于三角洲平原分流河道沉积。复合砂体近南北向展布;单砂体的厚度变化大,非均质性明显,储渗变化大。盒8段含气砂岩在AVO资料上有明显反映;在综合测井资料上,盒8段表现出自然伽玛测井值、密度测井值、补偿中子测井值都偏低,电阻率、声波时差测井值较高,出现了大幅度的自然电位异常。利用核磁共振测井技术测得苏里格庙区某井盒8段3555.9m~3559.6m为气层,3560.6m~3572m为气水层,与生产实践吻合得很好。 相似文献
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