基于Pléiades立体影像数字正射影像精度研究

基于Pléiades 1B立体全色影像,采用PCI Geomatic软件进行空三加密,利用RPC有理函数模型和不同像控点进行平差解算,对DOM平面精度和左右像片接边精度进行统计和分析,为后期利用Pléiades立体影像进行1∶10000 DOM生产提供参考。     

新疆可支塔格蛇绿混杂岩的特征及其成因

新疆可支塔格蛇绿混杂岩位于青藏高原北缘东昆仑西段,属于木孜塔格-鲸鱼湖大断裂的西延部分。主要由辉橄岩、辉长岩、闪长岩、斜长花岗岩、辉绿岩、玄武岩及硅质岩等组成,形成时代为早石炭世。其中辉橄岩具有高Mg,贫Al,Ca,低硅、低碱的特点,富集相容元素Cr,Ni,Co。稀土总量低,接近于球粒陨石稀土元素总量,以LREE略富集为特征。闪长岩SiO2,K2O含量较低,MsO,CaO,Na2O较高,稀土总量高,∑REE为90．95×10^-6,LREE富集。斜长花岗岩SiO2 69．8％,Na2O〉K2O,K2O／Na2O为0．78,A／CNK为1．68,具有大洋斜长花岗岩的岩石化学特征。闪长岩、斜长花岗岩的微量元素特征相似,表现为大离子亲石元素K,Sr,Rb,Ba相对富集,高场强元素Nb,Ta,Zr,Hf相对亏损。研究表明,辉橄岩来源于亏损的地幔岩,接近于强烈亏损的方辉橄榄岩,而明显不同于结晶分异作用成因的超镁铁质岩石。闪长岩、斜长花岗岩为蛇绿混杂岩的浅色岩组分,是地幔岩浆结晶分异的产物,但可能受到了围岩的混染和后期热液交代影响。     

新疆萨尔托海石英菱镁岩中发育的韧性剪切带及其对金矿的控制

萨尔托海金矿产在达拉布特蛇绿混杂岩带中。本文首次在该金矿区厘定出韧性剪切带,糜棱岩或者糜棱岩化石英菱镁岩中构成糜棱面理的矿物(铬云母、石英)形成于韧性剪切变形过程中,而切割糜棱面理的方解石-石英-黄铜矿-白云母脉代表脆性变形阶段的流体活动。根据矿物组合相互切割关系,识别出三期构造变形:早期NE向韧性变形(形成铬云母-石英组合)之后,发生了应力方向显著不同的破裂,形成NNW向分布的方解石-石英-黄铜矿-白云母脉;再晚期,应力方向又恢复到NE向,发育了浅层次的脆性构造破坏,形成了白云母-石英细脉。韧性剪切变形向脆性变形转换期间形成了石英-碳酸盐脉,其中往往含硫化物和自然金,此阶段是萨尔托海金矿的主要成矿时期。韧性剪切带控制着萨尔托海地区的金矿分布,成矿作用主要受沿剪切带迁移流体的控制,穿切糜棱面理的方解石-石英-黄铜矿-白云母脉是主要的找矿标志。韧性剪切带对金矿的显著控制表明,韧脆性转换期间形成的含硫化物石英碳酸盐脉以及相伴生的热液蚀变使金富集成矿,矿体一般赋存在断裂构造复杂的膨胀部位。萨尔托海金矿的成因与蛇绿岩的形成和演化没有关系。对韧性剪切带的系统研究是在该地区取得找矿勘探突破的关键。     

(What Geographers Should Know About) The State of U.S. and Canadian Academic Professional Associations’ Engagement with Mental Health Practices and Policies

The professional organizations to which geographers belong and by which they are represented have a civic duty and ethical responsibility to educate their members about mental health issues in their professions and, by default, their work environments. And yet national-level professional associations in North America are lagging behind universities in adopting initiatives, commissioning reports, and looking into best practices around the mental health of their members. A survey of the Web sites of sixty-six professional associations in the social sciences, geographical sciences, and humanities in the United States and Canada reveals an uneven presence of attention to mental health issues in terms of their members’ research on mental health issues, awareness of mental health as a professional development issue, and engagement in mental health advocacy and public outreach. In this article, we explore how geography’s professional organizations compare to others with respect to these issues and suggest ways in which they can develop their own mental health protocols to address the crisis of mental health in the academy. Key Words: Academic professional associations, American Association of Geographers, Canadian Association of Geographers, mental health, mental health practices and policies.     

大陆造山带区调填图中几个地质问题及其研究方法探讨

对我国区调填图工作历程与现状进行概述基础上,对造山带的主要特点,构造岩片的含义,构造岩片填图法的理论依据、基本工作程序及实施要点作了论述;对造山带中常见的"混杂岩"、强烈构造变形变质的层状变质岩、穹隆状变质地质体的主要特征、产出的地质构造条件及其成因机制等进行了较全面总结和分析;建议将"混杂岩"和"穹隆状变质地质体"分别划分为蛇绿混杂岩、火山混杂岩、滑积混杂岩、构造混杂岩和变质核杂岩、花岗岩底辟穹隆(岩浆核杂岩)、片麻岩穹隆、构造穹隆等类型。     

古老造山带洋板块地层*

重点分析和总结了由前寒武纪增生复合体和造山带混杂岩重建的古老造山带洋板块地层,包括由英国威尔士安格尔西岛新元古代莫纳超群混杂岩重建的太平洋洋板块地层、由澳大利亚西北部皮尔巴拉早太古代克里夫维尔绿岩带重建的古印度洋洋板块地层。澳大利亚东皮尔巴拉地块大理石坝地区早太古代玄武岩-硅质岩-碎屑岩序列与日本二叠纪-三叠纪洋板块地层在岩石组成和地球化学特征方面具有高度的相似性,这一认识将为早太古代洋板块地层的沉积环境从高热流洋脊扩张区经过热点向低热流海沟陆源碎屑沉积区转变这一过程提供有力支持。从增生造山带洋板块地层保存的岩石记录看,不同年代洋板块地层的主要物质组成和岩石类型相似,因此在地球38亿年的演化进程中,洋壳扩张、海洋沉积、俯冲及增生的过程并没有显著变化;但随着时间推移,年轻造山带洋板块性质和洋板块地层组成与古老造山带相比,可能会发生一些变化。就古老造山带洋板块地层而言,前寒武纪的地幔温度略高,太古代局部熔融显著,熔融量大大超过洋壳扩张速率,因而没有形成席状岩墙群。     

Late Cretaceous Foraminiferal Faunas from the Saiqu "mélange" in Southern Tibet

As one of the mélanges in the southern side of the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone, the Saiqu mélange in southern Tibet is important for understanding the evolution of the Neo-Tethys ocean. The age of the Saiqu mélange, however, has been debated due to the lack of reliable fossil evidence in matrix strata. Based on lithological similarities with platform strata in southern Tibet and limited fossils from exotic blocks, previous studies variously ascribed the Saiqu mélange to be Triassic in general, Late Triassic, or Late Cretaceous. Here we reported planktonic foraminiferal faunas from the matrix strata of the Saiqu mélange. The new fossils yield a Late Cretaceous age, which is so far the best age constraint for the mélange. Regional stratigraphic correlation indicates that the Cretaceous Oceanic Red Beds (CORBs) in Saiqu may be time equivalent to the CORBs of the Zongzhuo Formation in neighboring regions. Thus the Saiqu mélange should be correlated to the Upper Cretaceous Zongzhuo Formation rather than the Triassic Xiukang Group, as previously suggested.     

青海哈秀地区混杂岩主要特征及成因研究

目前有关蛇绿岩的定义、分类和成因等问题仍存在很大的争议,西金乌兰-金沙江缝合带作为青藏高原北部羌塘地区一条重要的板块碰撞带,在此缝合带西段已发现多处蛇绿混杂岩分布,哈秀地区亦位于缝合带的西段,但在哈秀地区是否存在蛇绿混杂岩,研究者存在不同认识。在前人研究成果和野外调查的基础上,对哈秀地区的混杂岩从岩石学、古生物学、地球化学特征及同位素年代学等方面进行了总结,分析认为哈秀地区无明显蛇绿混杂岩的特征,而是具有岛弧型火山岩的特征,其形成于晚二叠世大陆边缘裂谷环境中板块俯冲的产物,野外调查也未发现连续的成生地层剖面,因此哈秀地区应为构造混杂岩带。     

Modeling contaminant transport in homogeneous porous media with fractional advection-dispersion equation

The newly developed Fractional Advection-Dispersion Equation (FADE), which is FADE was extended and used in this paper for modelling adsorbing contaminant transport by adding an adsorbing term. A parameter estimation method and its corresponding FORTRAN based program named FADEMain were developed on the basis of Nonlinear Least Square Algorithm and the analytical solution for one-dimensional FADE under the conditions of step input and steady state flow. Data sets of adsorbing contaminants Cd and NH4+-N transport in short homogeneous soil columns and conservative solute NaCI transport in a long homogeneous soil column, respectively were used to estimate the transport parameters both by FADEMain and the advection-dispersion equation (ADE) based program CXTFIT2.1. Results indicated that the concentration simulated by FADE agreed well with the measured data. Compared to the ADE model, FADE can provide better simulation for the concentration in the initial lower concentration part and the late higher concentration part of the breakthrough curves for both adsorbing contaminants. The dispersion coefficients for ADE were from 0.13 to 7.06 cm2/min, while the dispersion coefficients for FADE ranged from 0.119 to 3.05 cm1.856/min for NaCI transport in the long homogeneous soil column. We found that the dispersion coefficient of FADE increased with the transport distance, and the relationship between them can be quantified with an exponential function. Less scale-dependent was also found for the dispersion coefficient of FADE with respect to ADE.     

四川省芦山MS7.0地震发震构造分析

2013年4月20日的芦山“4·20”MS7.0地震发生在龙门山断裂带西南段,震中地区分布多条NE向断裂,构造较为复杂.这次地震震源机制解显示为逆冲型地震,破裂面为NE走向,与龙门山断裂带的运动性质和走向一致.地表调查只在大川-双石断裂(前山断裂)和新开店断裂(大邑断裂南段)发现局部分布的NE向地表裂缝、沿地表裂缝分布的喷砂冒水和砂土液化,不规则的边坡开裂等地表变形,以及断裂沿线较严重的滑坡崩塌和房屋破坏.野外调查没有发现明显的地震地表破裂.GPS测量结果显示,此次地震的发震断裂位于芦山县城附近或其以东,而芦山西侧的断裂也可能参与了部分活动.根据野外地质调查、GPS观测、震源机制解、震源深度、余震分布等结果综合判定,芦山7.0级地震的主要发震构造是芦山之下、大川-双石断裂和新开店断裂之间的龙门山前缘滑脱带.此滑脱带在该段的运动导致了这次地震的发生,并可能带动了它上面的大川-双石和新开店等断裂的活动.