A regional analysis of new production on the northwest European shelf using oxygen fluxes and a ship-of-opportunity

Seasonal new production (g C m⁻²) estimates obtained from dissolved oxygen and nitrate concentrations in surface waters (5 m depth) along a track between the UK (Portsmouth) and northern Spain (Bilbao) are compared. An oxygen flux method, in combination with a ship of opportunity (SOO), was tested on the northwest European shelf for its value in distinguishing high production in frontal regions. Dissolved oxygen, nitrate and chlorophyll a samples were collected monthly from February to July 2004, alongside continuous autonomous measurements of salinity, temperature and chlorophyll fluorescence. Depth integrated new production estimates for all the individually analysed hydrographic regions of the route were produced.Results from three widely used gas-exchange parameterizations gave seasonal (February–July) new production estimates of 54–68 g C m⁻² for the Ushant region of the western English Channel and 31–40 g C m⁻² for the shelf slope, averaging 24–31 g C m⁻² for the route. This is double the route average obtained using the nitrate assimilation method (17 g C m⁻²) and within the ranges of previous estimates in the same region. The oxygen flux method gave a fivefold enhancement compared to the nitrate method in the Ushant frontal region and a threefold enhancement in the English Channel and shelf break regions. Determining oxygen fluxes to estimate new production may be more reliable than nitrate assimilation in active tidal or frontal regions of shelves where nitrate may be added to the system post-winter through advection or entrainment.     

冬季婆罗洲岛西北沿岸上升流的时空特征及机理研究

Winter coastal upwelling off northwest Borneo in the South China Sea(SCS) is investigated by using satellite data, climatological temperature and salinity fields and reanalysis data. The upwelling forms in December, matures in January, starts to decay in February and almost disappears in March. Both Ekman transport induced by the alongshore winter monsoon and Ekman pumping due to orographic wind stress curl are favorable for the upwelling. Transport estimates demonstrate that the month-to-month variability of Ekman transport and Ekman pumping are both consistent with that of winter coastal upwelling, but Ekman transport is two times larger than Ekman pumping in January and February. Under the influence of El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO), the upwelling shows remarkable interannual variability: during winter of El Ni?o(La Ni?a) years, an anticyclonic(a cyclonic) wind anomaly is established in the SCS, which behaves a northeasterly(southwesterly) anomaly and a positive(negative) wind stress curl anomaly off the northwest Borneo coast, enhancing(reducing) the upwelling and causing anomalous surface cooling(warming) and higher(lower) chlorophyll concentration. The sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) associated with ENSO off the northwest Borneo coast has an opposite phase to that off southeast Vietnam, resulting in a SSTA seesaw pattern in the southern SCS in winter.     

渤海湾西北岸1974～2010年逐年填海造陆进程分析

自20世纪70年代以来,渤海湾西北岸陆续实施了大量填海工程,形成了目前中国最大的人工填海造陆区,有必要对其进行精确和连续的监测与分析。以1974～2010年逐年MSS/TM/ETM影像为主要数据源,利用RS/GIS技术,分析了研究区填海造陆的动态空间分布和数量变化特性。36 a间,研究区共填海901.7 km2,主要在滩涂和近海进行,海岸线长度从1974年的224.9 km增长到2010年的536.7 km,填海区的重心总体上从东北向西南方向迁移了26.3 km。将研究期细分为5个阶段进行深入分析发现:研究区海岸线长度增量与填海造陆规模呈正相关关系;填海利用方式经历了盐田为主→盐田和水产养殖相结合→港口和临港工业为主的发展历程;以天津港和曹妃甸港及各自的临港工业区为填海造陆中心和副中心的格局已经形成。     

黔北西部及邻区晚三叠世末期-中侏罗世沉积与层序地层特征

黔北西部及邻区晚三叠世末期-中侏罗世,为印支运动导致的海相沉积历史结束后开始的一段陆相沉积时期。其沉积特点是湖泊沉积占主导,河流沉积次之。在纵向上表现为河流沉积出现在该时期地层序列的下部二桥组和上部下沙溪庙组和上沙溪庙组中;湖泊沉积则贯穿整个研究时期的地层中,特别是地层序列中部自流井组中发育良好。河流沉积具二元结构,下部为边滩沉积,上部为堤岸沉积。湖泊沉积分为滨湖、浅湖和深湖三个亚相沉积,在地层序列上显示出两个由浅至深的旋回变化特点。研究时期的地层具有旋回性特点,以不整合面及相应的整合面作为层序界面,可分为5个沉积层序,每个层序由水进体系域和水退体系域组成,粗略地反映了湖平面的5次进退变化。     

川西北地区金矿成矿条件

四川省西北部是我国岩金矿床分布的重点地区之一,尤以微细浸染型金矿床为主。该区有刷经寺联合村、嘎拉、金木达等大中型与超大型金矿床,显示出金矿成矿的良好前景。研究区处于古特提斯东缘的被动陆缘,为稳定大陆边缘海湾或封闭的海湾浊流盆地环境。浊积岩沉积形成金的初步富集,并在印支期发生低温动力变质,成为微细浸染型金矿的主要矿源层。岩浆活动沿区内构造边缘破裂带发生,形成构造岩浆岩带,并与金及多金属成矿有着密切的关系。双向收缩的造山运动为金成矿提供了区域构造条件,韧脆性剪切带控制了金矿的分布,并为成矿提供了主要的热动力。     

西北地区矿产资源开发的环境地质问题及其类型

西北地区有着丰富的矿产资源，矿业经济已成为西北地区各省、区主要工业经济之一。由于历史原因，受政策、管理、技术及人为因素的影响，矿产资源开展导致了一系列环境地质问题，其类型主要为资源破坏、矿山地质灾害和环境污染。在西部大开发中，矿产资源开发是促进西北地区经济发展的重要方面，但是不能走“先开发，后治理”的老路，否则，恶化的矿区生态环境必将阻碍该地区社会经济的可持续发展，直辖市好合理开发利用矿产资源与环境保护的矛盾，是西部大开发中我们面临的重要课题。     

地层衰减数据体的建立

地震波在地层中传播中的一个基本特征是随着地震波传播距离的增大，其高频成分迅速衰减，并由此引起瞬时波形变化。描述岩石对地震波传播的吸收过程需要合理地确定波场中地层的吸收变化规律。本文论述了综合使用实验室测定、声波测井资料、VSP资料及地震资料，建立地层衰减数据体的研究思路与方法，结合实际资料建立了准噶尔盆地西北缘地区地层衰减数据体，给出了该数据体的两个实用实例。结果表明，地层衰减数据对于实际工作具有重要的应用价值。     

Internal structure of a trough blowout, determined from migrated ground-penetrating radar profiles

Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) was used to investigate the relationship between the geomorphological development of a large aeolian trough blowout and the stratigraphy and internal sedimentary structure of its associated deposits. Although analogous, many of the data‐processing techniques routinely applied in seismic reflection are very rarely applied in GPR studies. In this study, a simple migration program was used that significantly enhanced the quality of GPR images from a large trough blowout at Raven Meols on the Sefton coast, northwest England. These improvements aided subsequent data interpretation, which was achieved through application of the principles of radar stratigraphy. GPR shows the pre‐blowout dunes to have a complex internal structure that suggests they were formed in the presence of at least a partial vegetation cover. Subsequent to stabilization of these dunes a thin soil developed. This dune soil forms an important radar sequence boundary and delineates a complex topography beneath the depositional lobe of the blowout. The internal structure of the depositional lobe of the blowout does not conform to a model of simple radial foreset deposition, as derived from contemporary process studies reported in the literature. Instead, the pattern of deposition has been extensively modified by the antecedent dune topography and by varying spatial and temporal exposure to important sand‐transporting winds that is partly controlled by interactions between the regional wind pattern and local dune morphology. Trough blowout deposits in coastal aeolian sedimentary sequences are likely to be recognized by the presence of laterally continuous packets of relatively high‐angle cross‐strata, which often display a spatially‐variable radial dip pattern that is only very poorly or partially developed. In addition, a soil, or other surface representing a significant hiatus in dune deposition, is likely to underlie the blowout deposits, the topography of which will show a clear relationship to the dip and orientation of the overlying cross‐strata.     

滇西北新生代以来地球动力学背景及其环境影响

新生代、特别是第四纪以来,滇西北地壳活动增强：山脉的构造隆升速率从全新世以前的０．３～１．７ｍｍ／ａ变为全新世以来的２～７．１ｍｍ／ａ;全新世盆地的构造沉降速率较更新世增长１～２个数量级;第四纪断裂（以红河断裂为例）错移速率不断加大;现代地壳应力值高,构造变形速度快,地震活动强度加剧,地热流异常明显。地壳活动性加剧将造成滇西北地势格局和山地地质灾害问题进一步恶化、湖泊加速收缩、区域稳定性降低等一系列环境问题,人类生存环境将更严酷。