新疆北部泥盆纪火山沉积岩系作用相类型、序列及其与板块构造的关系

新疆北部泥盆纪火山沉积岩系的作用相类型主要包括:爆发相、溢流相,火山碎屑、钙屑、陆屑风暴岩相,火山喷发海啸岩相,粗粒、中粒、细粒火山碎屑浊积岩相,同沉积、软变形震积岩相和砂质、粉砂泥质等积岩相。文章阐述了它们的特征和识别标志,并以东准噶尔纸房剖面和西准噶尔沙尔布尔提山剖面为例,讨论了作用相和环境相的时空结构及与板块构造的关系。并认为以作用相为主体的相分析是槽区、造山带和活动大陆边缘相分析的特色所在。     

华北板块北缘东段拼贴带地质—地球物理特征

华北板块北缘东段（吉林省境内）地质构造的研究历来为学者所关注,研究成果颇多。笔者通过最新的地质－地球物理资料的分析研究,认为：该带重磁场的总体特征,即近乐西向展布的地球物理场态,被北东向或与之相联系的其它方向的重磁场带或梯度带分隔、切割、和改造;区域构造框架－－古东西构造,为中生代北东向等构造改造、包容及其它各复合关系,具有较高的一致性。通过对该带的５个构造重磁场区段之一的富尔河区段的剖析,确证生     

华北地块北缘AuAgCuPbZn成矿规律

根据研究区成矿地质背景,分析了地层、构造、岩浆岩等因素对华北地块北缘Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn成矿的控制作用,总结了矿床的时、空分布,共生组合特点,提出了成矿规律.     

首都圈及山西断陷带北部地壳垂直形变与地震危险性分析

根据首都圈地区及山西断陷带精密水准复测资料,分析了近十年来地壳垂直形变状态与特征。结果表明,研究区的东北区域表现为整体下降,下降速率约2～4mm／a;但“北升南降”的运动格局基本没有改变。太行山以西至山西断陷带的东侧地区为整体隆升。隆升速率最大近8mm／a。运动的时空分布从“南快北慢”整体上升的特征,逐步转变为“北升南降”的有升有降的特征。西区上述运动性质发生变化是以2001年为分界线,同时在延怀盆地及其附近区域形成了四象限分布的形变图像。但这一图像从规模和量级上都小于大同地震前的变形。山西断陷带北部的运动表现为断陷型的垂直运动,整体呈下降趋势,运动速率为4～6mm／a。上述特征表明监测区未来2～3年内发生6级以上地震的可能性不大。     

北祁连西段香毛山一带早-中寒武世基性火山岩基本特征及其成因

香毛山一带早—中寒武世基性火岩以碱性玄武岩系列为主,具富钠,低钾、镁特点,稀土总量较低,属轻稀土富集型,分布模式为右倾平滑曲线,略具正铕异常;微量元素含量接近洋中脊过渡性玄武岩与板内拉斑玄武岩的丰度,岩浆来自富集的地幔源区;该火山岩系形成于强烈拉张产生的有限微洋盆构造环境,当时洋盆的扩张速率为l～2cm／a,属初始发育阶段。     

Holocene regional and local vegetation history and lake-level changes in the Torneträsk area, northern Sweden

A combination of pollen and macrofossil analyses from six lakes at altitudes between 370 and 999 m above sea level (a.s.l.) in the Torneträsk area reflect the Holocene vegetation history. The main field study area has been the Abisko valley at altitudes around 400 m a.s.l. The largest lake, Vuolep Njakajaure has annually laminated (varved) sediments. The chronology and sedimentation rates in the pollen-influx calculations are based on varve yrs in this lake and on radiocarbon dated terrestrial plant macrofossils in the other lakes. A strong increase of mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa) during the early Holocene with a tree-line c. 300 m above the present, indicates that the summer temperature was c. 1.5 °C higher than today, assuming that the land uplift has been 100 m since then. Scattered stands of pine (Pinus sylvestris) may have been growing in the area immediately after the deglaciation but a forest consisting of pine and mountain birch expanded first at low elevations and reached the eastern parts of the Torneträsk area at c. 8300 cal BP and the western parts at c. 7600 cal BP. The highest pine-birch forest limit was not reached until 6300 cal BP (110 m above present pine limit). Warm and dry conditions during the pine forest maximum led to lowering of the water level documented in Lake Badsjön in the Abisko valley about 1-1.5 m lower than today. Pine and mountain birch were growing at the maximum altitude until c. 4500 cal BP. Assuming that land uplift has been in the range of 20-40 m since the mid-Holocene, this implies that the temperature was then c. 1.5-2 °C higher than today. Rising lake-levels and lowering limits of pine and mountain birch since c. 4500 cal BP indicate a more humid and cool climate during the late Holocene.     

Assessment of gully erosion rates through interviews and measurements: a case study from northern Ethiopia

Gullying has been widespread in the Ethiopian Highlands during the 20th century. It threatens the soil resource, lowers crop yields in intergully areas through enhanced drainage and desiccation, and aggravates flooding and reservoir siltation. Knowing the age and rates of gully development during the last few decades will help explain the reasons for current land degradation. In the absence of historical written or photographic documentation, the AGERTIM method (Assessment of Gully Erosion Rates Through Interviews and Measurements) has been developed. It comprises measurements of contemporary gully volumes, monitoring of gully evolution over several years and semi‐structured interview techniques. Gully erosion rates in the Dogu'a Tembien District, Tigray, Ethiopia, were estimated in three representative case‐study areas. In Dingilet, gullying started around 1965 after gradual environmental changes (removal of vegetation from cropland in the catchment and eucalyptus plantation in the valley bottom); rill‐like incisions grew into a gully, which increased rapidly in the drier period between 1977 and 1990. The estimated evolution of the total gully volume in the other areas show patterns similar to those of the Dingilet gully. Average gully erosion rate over the last 50 years is 6·2 t ha^?1 a^?1. Since 1995, no new gullies have developed in the study area. Area‐specific short‐term gully erosion rates are now on average 1·1 t ha^?1 a^?1. The successful application of the AGERTIM method requires an understanding of the geomorphology of the study area and an integration of the researchers with the rural society. It reveals that rapid gully development in the study area is some 50 years old and is mainly caused by human‐induced environmental degradation. Under the present‐day conditions of ‘normal’ rain and catchment‐wide soil and water conservation, gully erosion rates are decreasing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

苏北盆地XH 1＃钻孔沉积物磁化率与粒度组分相关性变化特征及其意义研究

对苏北盆地XH 1#钻孔沉积物磁化率与粒度组分的相关性进行了研究，研究结果表明，此钻孔沉积物磁化率与粒度组分的相关性在不同深度段内有着不同的表现:在350～247 m深度段内，磁化率大小与中值粒径大小表现为负相关、与4～12Φ各粒级组分百分含量表现为正相关；在234～0 m深度段内，磁化率大小与中值粒径大小表现为正相关，与1～3Φ粒级组分百分含量表现为密切的正相关；247～234 m深度段是上述两种相关性变化的一个过渡阶段。环境磁学实验结果也揭示出在上下两个深度段内磁性矿物组成上也存在差异。这种不同深度段内磁化率与粒度组分相关性上的大的变化，以及磁性矿物组成上的差异共同揭示出，在深度247～234 m这段沉积物的沉积过程中，苏北盆地内可能发生了一次重大的事件，正是这次重大事件的发生导致了碎屑沉积物来源的改变，出现了上下两部分磁化率大小与粒度组分相关性上的差异。     

坪北油田延长组长6油组储层层内非均质性研究

在坪北油田应用岩心观察、岩心分析化验资料、测井解释成果、测试及开发动态等方面的资料分析长6储层的非均质性,重点解剖层内非均质性特点,总结了正韵律,反韵律,复合韵律和交互韵律4种类型的层内非均质性。夹层分布较广泛,加剧了层间非均质性。     

中国北方干旱化年代际特征与大气环流的关系

用CRU和ECMWF资料分析了近代中国北方干湿变化特征及其与东亚大气环流异常特征的关系.结果表明:中国北方干旱化具有显著的年际、年代际特征,20世纪70年代末干湿发生显著转变,西北东部和华北地区变干趋势明显,北方大部分地区干旱现象严重;中国北方地区当前的干旱化时空格局与东亚夏季风异常特征密切相关,夏季风减弱以及由此造成水汽输送量减少是导致干旱化发展的主要原因,而低层大气反气旋环流增强和气旋性环流减弱是引起干旱化的异常环流特征.