冀北地区龙头山铅多金属矿床的发现及地物化综合找矿模型的建立

隐伏矿是当前矿产地质勘查的重点对象。在综合研究冀北地区1:20万区域示矿信息基础上,优选出锥子山花岗岩体一带的龙头山为找矿靶区,研究显示其具有较好的找矿潜力。1:5万水系沉积物地球化学测量圈定出11处综合异常;其中H6异常属于矿致异常。H6异常经1:1万地物化测量显示:Ag、Pb、Zn、Au等元素异常值高,具有外带—中带—内带三级分带;同时具有中低阻高极化的激电异常、蚀变矿（化）带与物化探异常相耦合的特征。通过进行系统地不同尺度地物化测量,缩小了找矿靶区,经工程验证发现了龙头山铅多金属矿床。矿体赋存在北西西向延伸、宽30~60 m的龙头山（F3）断裂构造系统中、产状较陡,赋矿围岩为太古界单塔子群（花岗）片麻岩和晚侏罗世张家口组安山岩,矿石多为细脉—浸染状、致密块状构造,矿床特征与毗邻的小扣花营、牛圈等多金属矿床类似,属于中低温热液脉型铅多金属矿床。最后,根据大比例尺地物化示矿信息特征,厘定了热液脉型铅多金属矿床的找矿标志,建立了地物化综合找矿模型,有利于推进冀北地区的找矿勘查。      

未来接替能源——天然气水合物面临的挑战与前景

天然气水合物作为新型化石燃料展现出巨大的资源潜力,如何科学地估算全球天然气水合物资源量与安全而经济地开采天然气水合物是全世界关注的焦点。文章在系统地分析了全球气水合物研究4个发展阶段认识的基础上,结合笔者对中国南海天然气水合物近20年的研究经历,明确了中国南海天然气水合物赋存的构造背景复杂、沉积过程与类型多样、表征难度大等多种难题。指出了天然气水合物研究面临的6个地质问题与瓶颈:新近系层序地层划分的成因性对比、稳定带厚度与水合物赋存机理、陆缘水动力背景复杂且沉积类型多样、水合物分布与沉积响应间的关系、构造运动对水合物的聚散控制以及水合物成藏模式与判识评价体系;探讨了目前天然气水合物资源量估算过程中存在的优缺点以及试采仍需要攻关的关键理论与技术问题。从地质角度回答了油峰到来的预期与天然气水合物作为接替能源的可能性与前景,指出中国南海的地质特点与天然气水合物的分布规律,明确提出了天然气水合物研究既不可盲目性乐观、也不可强制性悲观的学术观点。     

山西青尖坡石英二长岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

通过对华北克拉通北缘青尖坡石英二长岩锆石U-Pb同位素年龄分析,并结合相关主量和稀土元素数据探讨其地质意义。研究表明,石英二长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为241.1±1.7Ma,为早中三叠世岩浆活动的产物。岩石具有富K、Na、Si、Al,贫Mg、Ca、Ti等特征,为高钾碱性钾玄岩系列,属于过铝质花岗岩类;轻稀土元素相对富集,重稀土元素相对亏损,具有稳定的弱负Eu异常。总体为I型花岗岩成因,但兼具S型花岗岩的特征。青尖坡石英二长岩为中下地壳部分熔融成因,有地幔物质参与,为华北克拉通北缘三叠纪碱性岩带的组成部分,形成于晚造山-造山后的伸展构造环境。     

基于多因复成矿床理论探讨阿舍勒铜矿的成因

新疆北部阿舍勒铜锌多金属矿床为海相火山岩型块状硫化物矿床,形成于晚古生代西伯利亚西南缘活动陆缘环境。在西伯利亚、哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块多阶段的俯冲、碰撞、拼合过程中,矿床所处的大地构造环境经历了多个开合演化阶段,为该矿床提供了良好的先天、临产及后天条件。成矿以喷气-沉积作用为主,其后经历了变质改造、岩浆热液叠加及表生氧化作用。矿床控制因素显示出“地层-岩控-构控和时控”多位一体的特点。同位素及微量元素研究表明,成矿物质具有多源性。根据陈国达历史-因果论大地构造学提出的多因复成矿床概念和时空四维兼顾研究思路,讨论了阿舍勒铜矿的多因复成矿床特征,厘定其为一个多因复成型矿床。     

华北地区不同下垫面对沙尘暴的影响

1 Introduction Sand-dust storm is a large-scale transporting process of fine particles under the intense m ovem entofcurrent.These fine particles are induced by wind erosion on land surface (Dong, 2000).Sand-dust storm is not only a crucial environmental …     

南海北部陆缘西沙海槽—台湾恒春半岛地学断面

利用南海北部陆缘及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,综合编制了印支半岛东缘-西沙海槽-南海北部陆坡-台湾恒春半岛-菲律宾海地学断面,从地形地貌、地球物理场、地质构造特征和时空演化等多个方面综合揭示了南海北部陆缘洋陆转换带岩石圈结构及其相互作用,对深入认识南海北部陆缘构造格局和深水区油气地质具有重要意义.     

Topographic expression of active faults in the foothills of the Northern Apennines

Active faults that rupture the earth's surface leave an imprint on the topography that is recognized using a combination of geomorphic and geologic metrics including triangular facets, the shape of mountain fronts, the drainage network, and incised river valleys with inset terraces. We document the presence of a network of active, high-angle extensional faults, collectively embedded in the actively shortening mountain front of the Northern Apennines, that possess unique geomorphic expressions. We measure the strain rate for these structures and find that they have a constant throw-to-length ratio. We demonstrate the necessary and sufficient conditions for triangular facet development in the footwalls of these faults and argue that rock-type exerts the strongest control. The slip rates of these faults range from 0.1 to 0.3 mm/yr, which is similar to the average rate of river incision and mountain front unroofing determined by corollary studies. The faults are a near-surface manifestation of deeper crustal processes that are actively uplifting rocks and growing topography at a rate commensurate with surface processes that are eroding the mountain front to base level.     

1:20万区域化探方法核心技术"取样粒级"的讨论

内蒙古区域化探扫面采用水系沉积物测量(或土壤测量),取粗粒级样品,取得了较好的地质找矿效果,但局部景观区找矿效果受到了一些影响.我国南北方水系沉积物中元素含量呈"U"形分布,反映了南北方不同的风化类型,以及所取不同粒级样品的物质成分也不同;取粗粒级和细粒级样品均可能有化探异常显示,采用-5～+20目(0.9 mm≤A＜4 mm)和-120目(A＜-0.125 mm)组合粒级作为采样粒级.为提高工效,取样时可以采用-5目(或-20目)全粒级物质,也能获取更多的找矿信息.这种取样粒级技术,也适宜于全国各种不同的景观区的不同尺度的水系沉积物测量和土壤测量的化探工作.     

Glass and Mineral Chemistry of Northern Central Indian Ridge Basalts:Compositional Diversity and Petrogenetic Significance

Abstract: The glass and mineral chemistry of basalts examined from the northern central Indian ridge (NCIR) provides an insight into magma genesis around the vicinity of two transform faults: Vityaz (VT) and Vema (VM). The studied mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) from the outer ridge flank (VT area) and a near-ridge seamount (VM area) reveal that they are moderately phyric plagioclase basalts composed of plagioclase (phenocryst [An60–90] and groundmass [An35–79]), olivine (Fo81–88), diopside (Wo45–51, En25–37, Fs14–24), and titanomagnetite (FeOt ~63.75 wt% and TiO2 ~22.69 wt%). The whole-rock composition of these basalts has similar Mg# [mole Mg/mole(Mg+Fe2+)] (VT basalt: ~0.56–0.58; VM basalt: ~0.57), but differ in their total alkali content (VT basalt: ~2.65; VM basalt: ~3.24). The bulk composition of the magma was gradually depleted in MgO and enriched in FeOt, TiO2, P2O5, and Na2O with progressive fractionation, the basalts were gradually enriched in Y and Zr and depleted in Ni and Cr. In addition, the SREE of magma also increased with fractionation, without any change in the (La/Yb)N value. Glass from the VM seamount shows more fractionated characters (Mg#: 0.56–0.57) compared to the outer ridge flank lava of the VT area (Mg#: 0.63–0.65). This study concludes that present basalts experienced low-pressure crystallization at a relatively shallow depth. The geochemical changes in the NCIR magmas resulted from fractional crystallization at a shallow depth. As a consequence, spinel was the first mineral to crystallize at a pressure >10 kbar, followed by Fe-rich olivine at <10 kbar pressure.