东北地区县域粮劳变化耦合模式与乡村发展类型

本文选取2001年、2008年和2015年3期截面数据,综合运用标准差椭圆等空间分析法和非参数检验等数理统计法,对东北地区183个县域粮食产量与农业劳动力变化的耦合模式及其表征的乡村发展类型进行研究。结果表明:①2001—2015年东北地区总的粮劳变化耦合模式在2008年发生转折,2001—2008年为粮增劳减模式,2008—2015年为粮劳同增模式,这实际上是一种在多因素综合作用下发生的退化。②县域层面,2008年前后两时段东北地区粮增劳减耦合模式的比例由45.90%下降为37.16%,同时粮减劳增与粮劳同减耦合模式的比例明显上升。从空间格局看,粮劳变化耦合模式转换的差异明显。③县域粮劳变化耦合模式可以较好的表征相应的乡村发展类型。县域乡村发展类型实际上具有一定的层级性和结构演进规律。④东北地区各县域乡村发展类型所面临的约束和机遇不同,应有针对性的采取差别化的推进策略。     

Bootstrapped models for intrinsic random functions

Use of intrinsic random function stochastic models as a basis for estimation in geostatistical work requires the identification of the generalized covariance function of the underlying process. The fact that this function has to be estimated from data introduces an additional source of error into predictions based on the model. This paper develops the sample reuse procedure called the bootstrap in the context of intrinsic random functions to obtain realistic estimates of these errors. Simulation results support the conclusion that bootstrap distributions of functionals of the process, as well as their kriging variance, provide a reasonable picture of variability introduced by imperfect estimation of the generalized covariance function.This paper was presented at Emerging Concepts, MGUS-87 Conference, Redwood City, California, 13–15 April 1987.     

Evaluation of Procedures for Prediction of Unconventional Gas in the Presence of Geologic Trends

This study extends the application of local spatial nonparametric prediction models to the estimation of recoverable gas volumes in continuous-type gas plays to regimes where there is a single geologic trend. A transformation is presented, originally proposed by Tomczak, that offsets the distortions caused by the trend. This article reports on numerical experiments that compare predictive and classification performance of the local nonparametric prediction models based on the transformation with models based on Euclidean distance. The transformation offers improvement in average root mean square error when the trend is not severely misspecified. Because of the local nature of the models, even those based on Euclidean distance in the presence of trends are reasonably robust. The tests based on other model performance metrics such as prediction error associated with the high-grade tracts and the ability of the models to identify sites with the largest gas volumes also demonstrate the robustness of both local modeling approaches.

1956-2007年新疆玛纳斯河流域气候变化趋势分析

对玛纳斯河流域10个台站1956-2007年52 a的温度、降水量和蒸发量序列进行非参数检验,诊断其阶段性转换及变化趋势,并以阶段性转换的跳跃点为分割点,利用R/S分析方法预测其未来一段时间的变化趋势.结果表明:温度、降水量和蒸发量的跳跃点分别发生在1989、1998年和1988年,并且皆通过0.05水平的显著性检验,...     

水资源系统等级评价的一种非参数方法

水资源系统等级评价是目前水资源系统工程研究的热点和难点之一,常规评价方法需要根据先验知识预先设定评价函数的具体结构形式,难以适应复杂多变的实际评价系统.为此,提出了一种非参数评价新方法(NGEM).NGEM无需假定评价函数的具体表达形式,直接挖掘评价标准数据本身所隐含的评价信息,它用基于加速遗传算法的投影寻踪方法客观地确定各指标权重,用非参数回归方法建立评价函数.实例计算结果说明,NGEM直观简便、有效通用,在各种系统预测与模拟中也具有应用价值.     

阿克苏河源流区径流量与降水量丰枯变化和相关性研究

利用新疆塔里木河流域阿克苏河源流区出山口沙里桂兰克和协合拉两水文站1957-2008年近50a的径流和降水数据, 借助Z指数法、参数T检验和非参数检验和小波变换等, 分析了阿克苏河两水文站降水量和径流量的变化趋势, 以及二者多时间尺度相关关系.结果表明:近50a来, 沙里桂兰克、协合拉径流量和降水量均呈增加趋势, 两水文站径流量在1993年发生了显著的增多突变, 其中, 降水量突变点沙里桂兰克在1985年, 协合拉在1986年.沙里桂兰克和协合拉降水量和径流量丰枯指数由突变前的"偏枯"和"正常"等级为主转变为突变后的"正常"和"偏涝"等级占优势.沙里桂兰克和协合拉径流量变化分别存在7a和6a的主周期, 降水量变化分别存在7a和4a的主周期.沙里桂兰克径流量和降水量在整个时间尺度上以正相关为主, 协合拉则以负相关为主, 在大于20a的时间尺度上两水文站径流量和降水量均呈不显著的正相关关系.     

基于城、市视角的城市化水平与经济增长关系

基于城、市的视角,揭示2005~2014年中国285个地级市城市化水平及类型的时空演化规律,并基于非参数估计方法探究不同城市化类型与经济增长的函数关系。研究发现：① 中国城化水平空间分布呈离散状态,市化水平空间分布呈“核心-外围”结构。② 中国大多数城市属于同步发展型,该类型城市较非同步型城市更稳定。③ 不同城市化类型与经济增长的函数关系也不相同,因此应有针对性地采取差异化政策。     

An empirical coverage test for the g -sample problem

A nonparametricg-sample empirical coverage test has recently been developed for univariate continuous data. It is based upon the empirical coverages which are spacings of multiple random samples. The test is capable of detecting any distributional differences which may exist among the parent populations, without additional assumptions beyond randomness and continuity. The test can be effective with the limited and/or unequal sample sizes most often encountered in geologic studies. A computer program for implementing this procedure, G-SECT 1, is available.     

Microgeometry II: Testing for homogeneity in Berea sandstone

Geological sample characterizations rely on statistical assumptions of homogeneity and isotropy. There is also a tacit assumption of homogeneity at some size scale in theoretical geophysics predicated on power spectra or ensemble averaging, for example, acoustics (Devaney and Levine, 1980)or electromagnetics (Lee, 1979).Discussion is presented of a homogeneity test performed on Berea sandstone to develop methods for assessing homogeneity and for delimiting the scale at which homogeneity can be assumed. The Wilcoxon sum-of-ranks and signed-ranks tests are applied to scanning electron microscope image data. Anisotropy is found at some scales, and not at other scales. The homogeneity assumption for Berea sandstone is supported by agreement between estimates which depend for accuracy on homogeneity and values obtained by other independent methods such as bulk measurements or calculations from run-lengths.