高差差分改正理论及其在大坝变形监测中的应用

从高差差分改正入手介绍高差差分改正理论的原理,并推导该理论的精度模型,指出利用该理论进行改正应满足的条件,目的在于将以前学者简单提及的理论系统化的认识和分析,甚至进行更深的推广;最后介绍其在某大坝变形监测中的应用实例,认为在满足文中提出的适用条件的情况下,该理论完全能利用于具体的监测项目中。     

基于大视场光学测量设备的多星观测和解算天文经纬度研究

本文提出了一种新的基于大视场光学测量设备和GPS测量点位天文坐标的方法,即测量多个星体方位角相对于主光轴方位角的增量,然后通过非线性最小二乘法解算出点位的天文坐标。采用该方法不仅可以避免讨论大气蒙气差的修正问题,而且能够满足高精度天文坐标的测量要求。     

A study on relation between acoustic emission and characteristic displacement field on the sample with multi en echelon structures — The theoretic and experimental explorations of strain gap

Based on the phenomena that the deformation gap was observed before the great Tangshang earthquake, this paper discusses the strain gap according to test and theory. The (strain) patterns were recorded photographically by realtime holographic interferometry and shadow optical method of caustics, as soon as the loading process started. In the meantime, the AE (acoustic emission) signals were recorded by a micro crack information storage-analysis system. According to damage theory and location of micro fracture, we have studied the stain gap and gained: a) It is necessary that strain gap appears under the condition of linear elasticity theory, and its situation is relatively stable, corresponding to stress concentration. b) Micro fractures, which appear initially at area of high stress, occur rarely at the strain gap, and their locations are finally in the zone between the stress concentration area and the strain gap, which indicate the clusters or groups. However, the major macro fracture (final rupture) started from the shadow areas, and then grew quickly towards the strain gaps, which resulted in failure of sample. Foundation item: The Dual Project of China Seismological Bureau (9691309020301), the Specialized Funds for National Key Basic Study (G1998040704), the project for the MOST under contract (2001BA601B02) and Youth Funds for applied basic study of the Science and Technology Bureau of Yunnan Province (98D019Q).     

资源环境承载协调理论与评价方法

资源环境承载能力评价是进行国土空间规划和用途管控的基础性工作,越来越受到国家重视。在资源环境承载能力研究实践中,以自然资源环境系统及其与社会经济系统的关系为主要研究对象,创新性提出了"资源环境承载协调理论",并基于此理论初步建立了不同空间尺度的地质资源环境承载能力评价技术方法,构建了地质环境、地下水资源、矿产资源等不同资源环境要素的承载能力评价指标体系,包括承载本底评价指标和承载状态评价指标。规范了不同尺度的资源与环境承载能力评价流程,为有序推动全国、区域及市县尺度的自然单元和行政单元的地质资源环境承载能力评价工作提供了强有力的。     

城市地质学基础理论探讨

城市地质有近百年的研究历史,学科研究取得了很大的进展,但是总体上看,学科性质存在较多的争论,城市地质学基础理论难于满足现代城市管理的需求,无法为城市高质量发展提供系统完整的地学解决方案。本文系统梳理了国内外城市地质的发展历程和研究进展,进一步明确了城市地质学的学科性质,运用系统理论提出城市地质系统的概念,并基于这一概念,清晰地界定了城市地质学的研究对象,阐述了现代城市地质学的研究内容和技术框架,为今后形成完善的城市地质学理论体系提供研究基础。     

模糊物元理论在干旱分析中的应用研究

干旱的评价指标具有多样性,各种指标在优劣程度上是渐变的,具有模糊性,不同的干旱指标对干旱的分析会存在一定的差异性。利用渭河流域1960～2010年近50a的日气候资料,通过分析计算选取标准降水指数、综合干旱指数和降水距平百分率并通过模糊物元理论将这三种干旱评价指标结合起来构建一种新的评价方法并与已发生的干旱进行分析对比。结果显示:模糊物元理论可以很好的将多种干旱指标结合起来从而减小不同指标分析所存在的差异性;且与单独一干旱指标所分析的干旱趋势没有出现较大的偏差。可以将多种分析方法结合起来更好的揭示干旱的变化规律,定量评价流域内的干旱变化情况,对抗旱减灾工作有重要的科学意义。     

孔隙液体的可压缩性对非饱和孔隙介质弹塑性分析的影响

首先在多相孔隙介质的混合物理论框架内探讨了如何利用固-液两相孔隙介质模型描述介质的非饱和问题。其次,讨论了一个实用的描述孔隙液体可压缩性的方法,并建立了小变形条件下固-液两相孔隙介质的弹塑性本构方程。最后,采用俞茂宏统一强度理论,针对一个具体的结构例子,分析了孔隙液体的可压缩性对结构弹塑性分析的影响。     

结构高度对静力弹塑性分析结果的影响

简要介绍了静力弹塑性分析方法(Pushover法)的原理、计算步骤和影响分析结果的主要因素．并通过实例比较了pushover分析结果与非线性动力分析结果,分析了高度、荷载分布模式因素对分析结果的影响。     

ELASTOPLASTIC RESPONSE OF PRESSURE SENSITIVE SOLIDS

Tensorially invariant constitutive relations are systematically derived for large strain elastoplastic response of geomaterials. The analysis centres on Mohr–Coulomb (MC) and Drucker–Prager (DP) models with arbitrary hardening and non-associated response. Both flow and deformation theories are constructed for each model with emphasis on linear incremental relations between the Eulerian strain rate tensor and the objective Jaumann stress rate tensor. Specifying the results for plane strain compression we find that deformation theory produces a much smaller tangent instantaneous shear modulus than flow theory. It follows that failure of ellipticity and onset of surface instabilities predicted by deformation theory for associated solids occur at much lower levels of strain than the corresponding flow theory results. On the other hand, flow theory predictions admit a considerable sensitivity to the level of non-associativity. In fact, at high levels of non-associativity flow theory predictions for loss of ellipticity can be at strains below those obtained from deformation theory. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用修正太沙基理论进行土体非线性固结沉降计算研究

提出在基于小变形弹性假定的太沙基一维固结方程解答中采用非线性条件下定义的固结系数,并且进行了计算验证,结果证明在小变形弹性固结方程的解答中采用非线性条件下定义的固结系数可以使计算结果更好地接近实际沉降值。相对于传统太沙基理论,修正后的太沙基固结理论可以用来更准确地计算实际工程中的非线性固结沉降。