河流活性物质入海通量:初步成果

河流是陆地与海洋相互作用的重要纽带,查明陆地河流活性物质入海通量是当前生态地球化学评价的一项重要任务。文中选择了中国东部入海河流中主要的35条河流,分丰、枯水期系统采集了悬浮物、过滤水、底泥等样品,利用河流径流量参数,计算得到了各河流主要重金属及营养元素的年入海通量及陆地河流年入海总通量,确定了各元素水溶态及悬浮物态迁移入海量的比例,为陆海相互作用研究、浅海生态地球化学评价提供了重要依据。     

油源断裂输导油气通道演化形式的研究方法及其应用

为了研究含油气盆地下生上储式油源断裂附近油气分布规律,在不同时期油源断裂输导油气通道及影响因素研究的基础上,通过确定油源断裂伴生裂缝可能发育部位和地层脆性发育部位,识别其活动期输导油气通道。通过断裂填充物泥质含量和填充物输导油气所需的最小泥质含量,识别其停止活动后输导油气通道,二者结合建立了一套油源断裂输导油气通道演化形式的研究方法,并将其应用于渤海湾盆地冀中坳馅廊固凹陷大柳泉地区旧州断裂在沙三中-下亚段内输导油气通道演化形式的研究中,结果表明：旧州断裂在沙三中-下亚段内共发育4种输导通道演化形式,其中一直输导通道演化形式仅分布在F₁断裂东部局部和F₈断裂的东部端部;先输导后不输导通道演化形式主要分布在F₇断裂西部、F₈断裂中西部及东部和F₉断裂处;先不输导后输导通道演化形式主要分布在除东部局部的F₁断裂、F₇断裂的中东部;一直不输导通道演化形式主要分布在F₇断裂中部、F₇断裂和F₈断裂交界处及F₈断裂东部。一直输导和先输导后不输导通道演化形式分布处或附近应是沙三中-下亚段油气成藏的有利部位,与目前旧州断裂附近沙三中-下亚段已发现油气分布相吻合,表明该方法用于研究油源断裂输导油气通道演化形式是可行的。     

鄂尔多斯盆地深部富铀烃源岩提供铀源可能性的实验研究

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长7段石油优质烃源岩以富铀为特色,而盆地侏罗?白垩纪地层以赋存大量砂岩型铀矿而著称.为探索深部长7富铀烃源岩为浅部砂岩型铀矿形成提供铀源的可能性,选择盆地南部的富铀烃源岩、油样以及具有代表性的碳酸铀酰作为反应物,在中?高温高压还原条件下分别进行烃源岩生排烃?排铀模拟实验和油?铀关系模拟实验.结...     

Evidence of technetium and iodine release from a sodalite-bearing ceramic waste form

Sodalites have been proposed as a possible host of certain radioactive species, specifically ⁹⁹Tc and ¹²⁹I, which may be encapsulated into the cage structure of the mineral. To demonstrate the ability of this framework silicate mineral to encapsulate and immobilize ⁹⁹Tc and ¹²⁹I, single-pass flow-through (SPFT) tests were conducted on a sodalite-bearing multi-phase ceramic waste form produced through a steam reforming process. Two samples made using a steam reformer samples were produced using non-radioactive I and Re (as a surrogate for Tc), while a third sample was produced using actual radioactive tank waste containing Tc and added Re. One of the non-radioactive samples was produced with an engineering-scale steam reformer while the other non-radioactive sample and the radioactive sample were produced using a bench-scale steam reformer. For all three steam reformer products, the similar steady-state dilute-solution release rates for Re, I, and Tc at pH (25 °C) = 9 and 40 °C were measured. However, it was found that the Re, I, and Tc releases were equal or up to 4.5x higher compared to the release rates of the network-forming elements, Na, Al, and Si. The similar releases of Re and Tc in the SPFT test, and the similar time-dependent shapes of the release curves for samples containing I, suggest that Re, Tc, and I partition to the sodalite minerals during the steam reforming process.     

Elastic fields in two joined transversely isotropic media of infinite extent as a result of rectangular loading

This paper presents the closed‐form solutions for the elastic fields in two bonded rocks induced by rectangular loadings. Each of the two bonded rocks behaves as a transversely isotropic linear elastic solid of semi‐infinite extent. They are completely bonded together at a horizontal surface. The rectangular loadings are body forces along either vertical or horizontal directions and are uniformly applied on a rectangular area. The rectangular area is embedded in the two bonded rocks and is parallel to the horizontal interface. The classical integral transforms are used in the solution formulation, and the elastic solutions are expressed in the forms of elementary harmonic functions for the rectangular loadings. The stresses and displacements in the rocks induced by both the horizontal and vertical body forces are also presented. The numerical results illustrate the important effect of the anisotropic bimaterial properties on the stress and displacement fields. The solutions can be easily implemented for numerical calculations and applied to problems encountered in rock mechanics and engineering. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

复杂岩质边坡的破坏类型及稳定性分析

复杂岩质边坡主要受结构面发育状态控制形成多种类型的变形破坏模式,与土质边坡迥异。本文以招商局漳州开发区11号山西段边坡为例,基于现场地质调查,对其主要节理面进行统计分析和变形模式评判,并对圆弧滑动破坏、楔形体破坏、平面滑动破坏及滚石破坏等各种破坏类型进行定量化评价,进而对边坡整体稳定性进行分析评价,为治理该复杂岩质边坡提出合理化建议,并总结形成复杂岩质边坡稳定性分析的评价思路和基本流程。     

基于Voxler平台的成矿数据三维可视化研究与应用—以安徽马头铜钼矿为例

在系统统计分析的基础上,基于Voxler平台对安徽马头铜钼矿矿区品位数据建立三维矿化模型,系统研究矿化体在不同边界品位下的空间展布形态,确定矿床的天然边界品位;通过多角度剖切、矿化-岩性耦合模型、三维矿化梯度分析等工作,基本确定了矿体的空间展布形态和就位空间,划分出2个主要矿体。通过Voxler软件对矿床矿化数据三维建模及成矿控矿因素的应用研究,实现了一条快捷仿真模拟矿化体立体空间分布的有效途径。     

天然与风干状态下冷生亚黏土的崩解形态特征

土的崩解形态是描述土的崩解过程及探讨其崩解机理重要的必要条件之一,选取了一种高孔隙率、粉黏粒含量较高,且不具有湿陷性的原状冷生轻质亚黏土作为研究对象,对其天然含水量及风干含水量状态下的土样品进行崩解试验. 结果表明：天然状态的土样呈块状崩解,而风干状态下的呈鳞片状崩解,且鳞片状崩解的强度及平均速率都大于块状崩解;块状崩解的速率随时间变化较为缓和,而鳞片状崩解的速率随时间变化起伏较大. 崩解形态与崩解速率有着紧密的对应关系,与崩解形态相对比,发现崩解速率降低的过程是水侵入土样,且土样中空气压力增大的过程,而速率上升的过程则是土样崩解的过程.     

Elastic models for nonlinear response of rigid passive piles

Recent study indicates that the response of rigid passive piles is dominated by elastic pile–soil interaction and may be estimated using theory for lateral piles. The difference lies in that passive piles normally are associated with a large scatter of the ratio of maximum bending moment over maximum shear force and induce a limiting pressure that is ~1/3 that on laterally loaded piles. This disparity prompts this study. This paper proposes pressure‐based pile–soil models and develops their associated solutions to capture response of rigid piles subjected to soil movement. The impact of soil movement was encapsulated into a power‐law distributed loading over a sliding depth, and load transfer model was adopted to mimic the pile–soil interaction. The solutions are presented in explicit expressions and can be readily obtained. They are capable of capturing responses of model piles in a sliding soil owing to the impact of sliding depth and relative strength between sliding and stable layer on limiting force prior to ultimate state. In comparison with available solutions for ultimate state, this study reveals the 1/3 limiting pressure (of the active piles) on passive piles was induced by elastic interaction. The current models employing distributed pressure for moving soil are more pertinent to passive piles (rather than plastic soil flow). An example calculation against instrumented model piles is provided, which demonstrates the accuracy of the current solutions for design slope stabilising piles. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黄铁矿晶体形态标型在金矿评价中的意义

黄铁矿晶体形态是金矿床矿物学填图的良好指示参数之一.黄铁矿的微形貌特征具有指示其形成环境的意义.在金矿床中,早期成矿阶段结晶的a{100}或e{hk0}形态黄铁矿含金性较差;主成矿阶段形成的ae、aeo、ao、oa、oe等聚形晶,以及{310}、{320}等e黄铁矿含金性较好.黄铁矿形态沿矿体空间可以表现出分带性.其垂向分带趋势为:矿体上部以o{111}晶形为主,矿体中部以e{hk0}形为主,矿体下部主要以a{100}形占主导,或分别以其晶面发育的聚形为主.但不同矿床,甚至同一矿床的不同矿脉,这种分带的表现也不完全一致.因此,应用此分带模式进行深部矿体预测时,应具体情况具体分析.