GIS支持下的黑潮锋特征提取方法研究

海洋环境对舰艇的作战效能具有重要影响,特别是海洋锋等海洋中尺度现象将导致水下声传播产生畸变从而严重影响舰艇的声学探测。研究了黑潮锋区海洋环境的特点,提出了利用趋势面分析得到黑潮锋区温度场的大面分布以及黑潮锋的变化趋势,探讨了计算温度场坡度、提取黑潮锋空间分布特征的方法,分析结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

GIS技术的研究现状及未来发展趋势

GIS是随着计算机技术发展而形成的一门新兴技术,其应用程度和范围也随之渗透、延伸,得到了人们的广泛关注。该文综述了地理信息的发展现状,从多个角度分析当前GIS技术发展存在的不足,并在此基础上研究分析了GIS技术的未来发展趋势。     

Interaction between cladding and structural frame observed in a full‐scale steel building test

Interaction between the external wall cladding and the seismic load resisting frame was examined in a full‐scale cyclic loading test of a three‐storey steel building structure. The building specimen had Autoclaved Lightweight Concrete (ALC, also designated as Autoclaved Aerated Concrete) panels installed and anchored to the structural frame as external wall cladding, using a standard Japanese method developed following the 1995 Kobe earthquake. ALC panelling is among the most widely used material for claddings in Japan. In the test, the ALC panel cladding contributed little to the stiffness and strength of the overall structure, even under a very large storey drift of 0.04 rad. No visible damage was noted in the ALC panels other than minor cracks and spalling of the bottom of the panels in the first storey. Consequently, in a Japanese steel building with properly installed ALC panel cladding, the structural frame is likely to be little affected by its cladding, and the ALC panels are capable of accommodating the maximum storey drift generally considered in structural design without sustaining discernible damage. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance of a real‐time pseudodynamic test system considering nonlinear structural response

This paper presents the implementation details of a real‐time pseudodynamic test system that adopts an implicit time integration scheme. The basic configuration of the system is presented. Physical tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the system and validate a theoretical system model that incorporates the dynamics and nonlinearity of a test structure and servo‐hydraulic actuators, control algorithm, actuator delay compensation methods, and the flexibility of an actuator reaction system. The robustness and accuracy of the computational scheme under displacement control errors and severe structural softening are examined with numerical simulations using the model. Different delay compensation schemes have been implemented and compared. One of the schemes also compensates for the deformation of an actuator reaction system. It has been shown that the test method is able to attain a good performance in terms of numerical stability and accuracy. However, it has been shown that test results obtained with this method can underestimate the inelastic displacement drift when severe strain softening develops in a test structure. This can be attributed to the fact that the numerical damping effect introduced by convergence errors becomes more significant as a structure softens. In a real‐time test, a significant portion of the convergence errors is caused by the time delay in actuator response. Hence, a softening structure demands higher precision in displacement control. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

东北第五地震活跃期结束时间及最大地震强度预测

本文在以往对东北地震大形势研究的背景上,基于1900年以来东北地区地震目录资料,利用多种分析方法,对该区地震活动规律及其发展趋势作了详细研究。结果认为,东北第五地震活跃期约到2008年结束,本活跃期最大地震强度为6级左右。     

Strain accumulation in sand due to cyclic loading: Drained cyclic tests with triaxial extension

This paper presents results of numerous drained cyclic tests with triaxial extension. The influence of the strain amplitude, the average stress and the number of load cycles on the accumulation rate was studied. A simple cyclic flow rule was observed. Most findings confirm a previous study with cyclic triaxial compression tests. The test results serve as the basis of an explicit accumulation model.     

Dissolved inorganic nutrients and organic substrates in the River Warnow (North-Eastern Germany) – Utilisation by bacterioplankton

After 1990, external loads of Central European rivers with inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and organic material were reduced because of changed environmental laws. However, in the eutrophic lowland River Warnow, North-Eastern Germany, nitrate concentrations remained high with 35–185 μmol l⁻¹ without a significant decrease since 1992. In contrast, phosphate concentrations, varying between 0.3 and 5.2 μmol l⁻¹ during the growth season 2002, decreased significantly over the years. However, its concentrations still exceeded 1 μmol l⁻¹ regularly in the growth seasons. This load led to a substantial accumulation of organic matter additional to high terrestrial inputs. Despite the high organic load, the remineralising bacteria were mainly inactive in River Warnow. Therefore, the composition of the dissolved organic material, especially its bioavailability, were investigated during the growth season 2002 and discussed with other potential controlling factors. River Warnow carried a high load of dissolved organic carbon (14 mg l⁻¹), especially of humic substances (5.5 mg C l⁻¹). Bacterial abundance (12×10⁶ ml⁻¹) as well as production (1.7 μg C l⁻¹ h⁻¹) depended on temperature. During late spring and summer at constantly higher temperatures, bacterial production correlated positively to readily utilisable substrates and to humic compounds. Thus, the bacterial community in River Warnow may be well adapted or contain enough species using the available amino acids and carbohydrates as well as humic matter compounds. However, calculated from protozoan biomass, grazing may control bacterial biomass and perhaps community composition profoundly, what lead to the low percentages of active bacteria.     

基于LCD平面格网和有限元内插模型的相机标定

提出了一种全自动、基于纯平液晶显示器（LCD）面格网、非参数畸变差和有限元内插模型的相机标定方法。由于相机内参数自身，以及内参数与绕LCD屏幕垂轴旋转的旋转角之间严重相关，特别引入了另外两类条件方程，使得参数之间的相关性得到削弱。实验证明了该方法的可行性，并且其精度高于一般的基于参数畸变差的标定方法。     

我国参考作物蒸散的空间分布和时间趋势

根据我国616个地面气象台站1975-2004年的观测资料,利用联合国粮农组织推荐的Penman-Monteith公式计算各年逐日、逐月参考作物蒸散值(ET0)和年总量.结果表明,我国参考作物蒸散多年平均值大多界于800～1 100 mm之间,西北地区高,东北地区低.1978年出现最大值,1993年出现最低值,青藏高原以东地区波动小,西北地区波动大.参考作物蒸散变化率在-30～30 mm·(10 a)-1之间,西部和长江流域地区显著下降,东部沿海、黄河中上游和东北显著上升.造成我国参考作物蒸散出现先降后增趋势的主要因素是日照时数(净辐射)和饱和差.     

Compressibility characteristics of soils

Compressibility characteristics of soils forms one of the important soil parameters required in design considerations. Compression index, C_c, which is the slope of the linear portion of void ratio, e vs. logaritham of effective pressure p(log p) relationship, is extensively used for settlement determination. The e–log p is most often assumed to be linear at higher pressure range and hence C_c is taken as a constant. Both published experimental results as well as results obtained in this investigation reveal that the e vs. log p could be curved, concave upwards or concave downwards depending upon the soil plasticity characteristics and initial water content. Thus, assuming C_c to be constant may not be valid for many cases. In this paper, an alternate procedure is given to characterise the compressibility of a soil. Experimental results show that the deformation expressed as a percent of thickness of the soil, (strain) vs. effective pressure could be treated as a rectangular hyperbola and the behaviour could be characterised by two parameters, a and b. Characterising the compressibility behaviour with effective pressure by two parameters is better than a single parameter, C_c.