紧邻多孔交叠盾构隧道施工影响分析

紧邻多孔交叠隧道是随着地铁建设的不断深入发展而出现的一种复杂的隧道空间分布形式。依托武汉地铁2号线和4号线工程,针对4孔紧邻交叠隧道,采用三维有限元方法分析了隧道动态施工过程引起的地表变形规律以及后建隧道对已建隧道受力与变形的影响。计算结果表明：隧道埋深对地表变形影响显著;紧邻4孔交叠隧道施工引起的地表最终变形达到了32 mm,超出了规范的限值;隧道埋深越大,引起的地表变形越小,但影响的范围越大;紧邻4孔交叠隧道施工时的影响范围为：前方约为30 m、后方约25 m、单侧约30 m;隧道的变形主要表现为上下压扁,两拱腰外扩,变成倒鸭蛋形;隧道的变形主要发生在盾构机刀盘通过前后约1D的范围内,随后很快趋于稳定;隧道结构的沉降主要取决于隧道自身以及其上部的垂直隧道的施工,邻近隧道的施工主要影响已建隧道的侧向变形;后建隧道将少量增加已建隧道管片内的内力。研究成果可为武汉地铁建设以及国内今后类似工程的设计与施工提供参考和指导     

Dietary analysis of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) from faecal samples and overlap with fisheries in Erimo,Japan

The number of harbour seals in Japan has been rebounding since protection began in the mid‐1980s. With the increase in seal numbers, increased conflict with fisheries has occurred through depredation and the belief that seals compete with fisheries for prey. However, competition can only be determined if the prey species and quantities seals consume over time are known. We studied the diet of harbour seals in Erimo, site of the largest population of harbour seals in Japan, from 2011 to 2012 and assessed the degree of prey overlap with local fisheries. We used both hard parts and DNA techniques to identify prey items in seal scats, and compared these results to local fisheries data. A total of 46 prey occurrences was detected by both methods, of which 17 matched between techniques at least to the family level. Hard parts methods identified five incidences of prey undetected by DNA methods in five scats (one incidence per scat). DNA methods identified 24 additional prey occurrences in 13 scats, for which no hard part evidence for that prey had been found. This more than doubled the total number of prey occurrences across the 15 scats compared. Overall, the most frequently occurring harbour seal prey were walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), sculpins and snailfishes. In contrast, the top three groups targeted by fisheries were codfishes, salmon and invertebrates. Many species common in the harbour seal's diet such as snailfishes and blennies were not targeted by fisheries. Fishes such as greenlings, sculpins, rockfishes and Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) were common in the diet of harbour seals, but made up a very small proportion of fisheries catches in Erimo. The importance of other prey species varied between seasons. Sculpins, greenlings and forage fishes were the top three prey groups for harbour seals in spring by percent modified frequency of occurrence, whereas the most important target groups by percentage mass caught by fisheries were codfishes, cephalopods and other invertebrates. Sculpins and rockfishes remained as important prey items for harbour seals in summer and autumn, in addition to codfishes, snailfishes and blennies. In contrast, the main groups caught by fisheries in summer were other fishes, particularly Japanese amberjack (Seriola quinqueradiata) and various species of sharks and eels, and invertebrates. By autumn, Erimo fisheries had focussed on catching salmon. Salmon were taken by harbour seals as well during this period, but at a relatively lower frequency compared to other prey groups. The results of our study show that although harbour seals consumed several of the prey species targeted by fisheries, the relative importance of these species to seals and fisheries and the seasons in which they were targeted were different.     

客运专线精密定轨测量方法研究

以客运专线精密定轨CPIII"自由设站边角交会"平面控制网为基础,对高速铁路无碴轨道精密定轨测量技术进行分析研究。文中首先对全站仪自由重叠设站精密定轨测量技术进行理论研究和误差分析,然后对小车棱镜点测量方法和测量精度进行分析。这对于目前客运专线和无碴轨道城际铁路的精密定轨测量具有一定的指导意义。     

太行山西部寒武系超覆层序演化特征

太行山西部位于华北地台的中部地区，吕梁古陆控制了寒武纪地层的发展与演化。通过研究，本区可识别出５个沉积层序：层序１形成于早寒武世龙王庙期与毛庄期，时限约４Ｍａ；层序２形成于中寒武世徐庄期与张夏早期，时限约５Ｍａ；层序３形成于张夏中晚期，时限约６Ｍａ，层序４形成于晚寒武世崮山期至长山末期，时限约１０Ｍａ；层序５形成于凤山期，时限约５Ｍａ。层序１，２，４为１类沉积层序，底部有河流回春作用；层序３、５为Ⅱ类沉积层序。这５个沉积层序自东向西逐渐上超形成超覆层序，反映了碳酸盐台地的形成与发展的演化特征。     

列车动载作用下交叠隧道动力响应数值模拟

采用上海地铁某区间隧道现场实测振动加速度数据，对南浦大桥近距离交叠隧道在列车振动荷载作用下的动力响应进行了有限元数值模拟。模拟结果表明：上下重叠隧道在动载作用下相互影响显著；随着隧道间净距的增加，相互影响逐渐减弱；对隧道结构而言，土压静载是结构设计的控制荷载，列车振动引起的附加内力增幅较小。     

大重叠度影像的相对定向与前方交会精度分析

针对数码相机所拍摄的序列图像具有重叠度高、同名特征的冗余观测值多等特点．分析了大重叠度序列影像在相对定向和前方交会时的精度优势。影像重叠度越大，相对定向的精度越好；而且重叠数目越大．交会角越大，平面和高程(或深度)方向的交会精度和可靠性也越高．实用中可采用80％重叠度的序列影像进行三维重建等。     

城市街道注记离散化定位的自动推理方法

在线状要素注记配置规则的基础上，分析了城市街道注记自动配置规则，研究了从图面注记到空间目标名称属性的自动转换方法。结合Arc／Info平台的特点，给出了城市街道注记离散化定位的自动推理策略和计算方法，在Arc／Info平台上编程实现了该算法。     

基于MAPGIS的全国地质工作程度数据库应用系统设计与实现

二十世纪在全国开展了大量地质调查工作,并且建立起“全国地质工作程度空间数据库”,急需研发应用系统保障该数据库作用的充分发挥。这里运用GIS软件工程原理,对应用系统进行了需求分析和系统分析,特别是对各重要模块进行了详细设计。该应用系统已基于MAPGIS 6.x实现,几项特色功能被重点展示,它们为保障整个系统功能起到了关键性的作用。     

三线阵测绘卫星的偏流角改正问题

简要介绍了三线阵测绘卫星的基本工作原理,分析了偏流角产生的原因及其对三线阵相机立体摄影覆盖的影响,提出了采用对卫星进行偏航姿态控制以改正偏流角的策略,给出了对卫星姿态控制系统偏流角改正的控制精度要求,并对偏流角改正的有效性进行了评估。     

宗地图专题注记配置算法研究

宗地图是土地调查最重要的成果之一。宗地图专题注记的配置美观程度直接影响着宗地图输出质量。本文从地籍权属要素语义出发,针对宗地图专题注记特点分别提出基于角平分线的界址点点号注记、基于空间位置修正的界址边长注记以及基于等分点的宗地四至注记配置算法。针对界址点点号注记易产生的压盖情况,提出基于近似圆的压盖检测算法。最后通过系统实例验证了本文提出的宗地图专题注记配置算法具有较好的标注效果和较高的运算效率,提高了宗地图注记自动配置智能化程度。