传感器电桥电路的非线性修正──用反馈补偿法修正传感器电桥电路的非线性误差

介绍一种反馈补偿法修正传感器电桥电路的非线性。提出反馈补偿原理及应用实例，指出用该方法可获得满意的补偿效果。     

A DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF AIR TEMPERATURE ANOMALY MODE OVER CHINA IN 2009/2010 WINTER BASED ON GENERALIZED EQUILIBRIUM FEEDBACK ASSESSMENT (GEFA) METHOD

By using the observed monthly mean data over 160 stations of China and NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data, the generalized equilibrium feedback assessment(GEFA) method, combined with the methods of EOF analysis, correlation and composite analysis, is used to explore the influence of different SST modes on a wintertime air temperature pattern in which it is cold in the northeast and warm in the southwest in China. The results show that the 2009/2010 winter air temperature oscillation mode between the northern and southern part of China is closely related to the corresponding sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTA) and its associated atmospheric circulation anomalies. Exhibiting warming in Northeast China and cooling in Southwest China, the mode is significantly forced by the El Nio mode and the North Atlantic SSTA mode, which have three poles. Under the influence of SSTA modes, the surface northerly flow transported cold air to North and Northeast China, resulting in low temperatures in the regions. Meanwhile, the mid-latitude westerlies intensify and the polar cold air stays in high latitudes and cannot affect the Southwest China, resulting in the warming there.     

中东亚中全新世气候与植被反馈作用:PMIP2多模式结果分析

文章选取了参加国际古气候模拟比较计划(Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project,简称PMIP)的6个耦合气候模式的模拟结果,着重对中全新世中东亚干旱区以及东亚季风区的夏季气候变化(气温、降水)进行分析,探讨了植被反馈作用对这3个区域中全新世气候变化的影响。由于各个模式之间以及所用的植被模块的差异,它们模拟的气候变化(气温、降水)的幅度有所不同,本文利用PMIP 2中6个模式的模拟结果分析,结果发现,在中全新世轨道因素的影响下,3个区域的平均温度和降水都有所增加。而中全新世植被的变化在: 1)东亚季风区,各个模式模拟的结果也各不相同,其中FOAM,ECHAM5.3-MPIOM127-LPJ和MRI-CGCM2.3.4FA这3个模式的模拟结果显示温度较现代低,而ECBILTCLIOVECODE,UBRIS-HADCM3M2和MRI-CGCM2.3.4NFA模式的模拟结果显示植被的变化导致地表温度较现代高,但各个模式对东亚季风区的中全新世植被变化所引起的降水变化并不理想,并且差异较大; 2)中东亚干旱区,ECBILTCLIOVECODE,FOAM和UBRIS-HADCM3M2模式的模拟结果表现出中全新世植被的变化导致中东亚干旱区夏季平均温度较现代低,而其他3个模式的模拟结果则表现出较现代高的趋势,但除MRI-CGCM2.3.4NFA模式外,其余5个模式均在中国西北新疆地区表现出0.5℃左右的降温,而几乎所有的模式都在中东亚干旱区表现出降水增加; 3)中亚地区,在温度方面,除了MRI-CGCM2.3.4NFA随着植被的变化表现出了较大的增温幅度外,其余5个模式夏季温度随着植被变化不大;而在降水方面,除了FOAM模式外,其他5个模式结果都显示出区域平均降水的增加。由此可见,在中全新世东亚季风区、中东亚干旱区以及中亚地区,除了太阳辐射等因素,植被对气候变化也有重要影响。     

Reporting negative results to stimulate experimental hydrology: discussion of “The role of experimental work in hydrological sciences – insights from a community survey”*

ABSTRACT

Experimental work in hydrology is in decline. Based on a community survey, Blume et al. showed that the hydrological community associates experimental work with greater risks. One of the main issues with experimental work is the higher chance of negative results (defined here as when the expected or wanted result was not observed despite careful experimental design, planning and execution), resulting in a longer and more difficult publishing process. Reporting on negative results would avoid putting time and resources into repeating experiments that lead to negative results, and give experimental hydrologists the scientific recognition they deserve. With this commentary, we propose four potential solutions to encourage reporting on negative results, which might contribute to a stimulation of experimental hydrology.     

自重湿陷性黄土地区桩基设计探讨

根据自重湿陷性黄土的特点、《湿陷性黄土地区建筑规范》（GB50025—2004）和《建筑桩基技术规范》（JGJ94—94）中关于桩基设计的对比分析，通过自重湿陷性黄土场地工程实例分析计算，依据负摩擦产生的机理——中性点理论，论述了自重湿陷性黄土场地中桩基设计应考虑中性点，而不应全部计入负摩阻的观点。     

一种实用的铂热电阻温度巡检仪

介绍了一种经济实用的 16通道铂热电阻测温巡检显示仪 ,并论述了铂热电阻的引线消除和用正反馈实现非线性校正的方法。     

THE STATISTIC RELATION BETWEEN LIGHTNING AND CINRAD DOPPLER RADAR ECHOES IN CENTRAL GUANGDONG

Based on the CINRAD Doppler radar data in Guangzhou and the lightning data in 2004 by power suppliers of Guangdong, statistical study is done by overlaying lightning’s position on radar’s echo. The result shows the followings. The concentrated period in which more negative lightning occurred at the middle levels (2 – 14 km), where radar echo was moderate (12 – 45 dBz), rather than at the low levels with the weakest echoes or at high levels with the strongest echoes. At levels 3 – 11 km, where the radar echo was between 10 dBz and 35 dBz, the area of negative lightning was much larger in central Guangdong than in the rest of the province. At levels 0.5 – 7 km where the radar echoes were between 44 dBz and 51 dBz, the probability for a point to have negative lightning varies from 0.4 to 0.7.     

沉积盆地异常低压(负压)与油气分布

在沉积盆地油气勘探过程中,异常压力与油气聚集的关系愈显密切,而异常压力不仅仅是指异常高压,国内外在发现许多异常高压油气藏的同时,也发现了相当数量的异常低压油气藏,而且异常低压在世界许多盆地中均有分布.因此,深入研究异常低压的形成机理及与油气分布的关系,同样重要和不容忽视.本文介绍了异常低压的概念、特征和分类,详细分析了异常低压的形成机制:地层剥蚀卸载后的弹性回返(反弹)作用、流体的供排不平衡、轻烃的扩散作用、断裂和不整合面的压力释放作用、渗透作用和温度变化等;最后论述了异常低压与油气分布的关系.     

半潜式海洋平台定位系统的控制系统研究

以海洋平台定位系统作为研究对象,阐述了平台定位的主要组成和工作原理,设计了满足速度控制、同步控制和恒张力控制的不同运行模式下的系泊绞车液压系统,分析了液压系统各主要元件在系统中的作用。采用伪微分反馈控制算法对系泊绞车进行控制,并给出了同步控制的策略和恒张力的计算调定方法。Matlab仿真表明,伪微分控制算法具有很好的动态响应特性,完全满足海洋平台系泊定位的要求。