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151.
152.
Michael Abratis Jonas Mädler Siegfried Hautmann Romain Meyer Lothar Viereck-Götte 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2007,67(2):133-150
New 40Ar/39Ar age data are determined for Cenozoic basaltic rocks from the Thuringian Rhön and Heldburg Gangschar (area also referred to as Grabfeld), integral parts of the Central European Volcanic Province. Applying the incremental heating technique on groundmass and plagioclase separates provided data which considerably specify our knowledge on the eruption ages in these volcanic fields and narrow down the duration of volcanic activity compared to earlier studies. All data but one outlier range between 20 and 14 Ma, being thus similar to those of the neighbouring Vogelsberg volcanic complex. The spectrum of ages is clearly divided into two distinct subsets: the Rhön ages are between 20 and 18 Ma, those of the Heldburg Gangschar are between 16 and 14 Ma. Thus, the present data clearly indicate a striking regional and temporal division of the Thuringian Miocene volcanism. The composition of the volcanic rocks in the two volcanic fields is remarkably diverse, ranging from tholeiitic basalts over alkali basalts and basanites to nephelinites. However, radiometric ages do not correlate with geochemical or petrological characteristics of the volcanics within each volcanic field, indicating that the different magma types erupted broadly contemporaneously.The outlier in age (29 Ma) is from a volcanic dyke of the NE Rhön area close to the NW end of the Thuringian Forest. However, more data are required to approve the significance of this age value, in particular since the rock showed isotopic age disturbance. 相似文献
153.
Zhang Xian-kang Yang Zhuo-xin Xu Zhao-fan Pan Ji-shun Liu Zhi Wang Fu-yun Jia Shi-xu Zhao Jin-ren Zhang Cheng-ke Sun Guo-wei 《地震学报(英文版)》2007,20(6):628-640
Barkam-Luqu-Gulang deep seismic sounding profile runs from north of Sichuan Province to south of Gansu Province. It is located
at the northeastern edge of Tibetan Plateau and crosses eastern A’nyemaqên suture zone. The upper crust structures around
eastern A’nyemaqên suture zone and its adjacent area are reconstructed based on the arrival times of refracted Pg and Sg waves
by using finite difference method, ray tracing inversion, time-term method and travel-time curve analysis. The results show
that the depth variation of basement along profile is very strong as indicated by Pg and Sg waves. The basement rose in Zoigê
basin and depressed in eastern A’nyemaqên suture zone, and it gradually rose again northward and then depressed. The results
also indicate that eastern A’nyemaqên suture zone behaves as inhomogeneous low velocity structures in the upper crust and
is inclined toward the south. Hoh Sai Hu-Maqên fault, Wudu-Diebu fault and Zhouqu-Liangdang fault are characterized by low
velocity distributions with various scales. The distinct variation in basement depth occurred near Hoh Sai Hu-Maqên fault and Zhouqu-Liangdang fault, which are main tectonic boundaries of A’nyemaqên suture
zone. Wudu-Diebu fault, located at the depth variation zone of the basement, possibly has the same deep tectonic background
with Zhouqu-Liangdang fault. The strongly depressed basement characterized by low velocity distribution and lateral inhomogeneity
in A’nyemaqên suture zone implies crushed zone features under pinching action.
Foundation item: National Natural Science Foundation of China (40334040). 相似文献
154.
Prikner K. Mursula K. Kangas J. Feygin F. Z. Kerttula R. 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2002,46(3):507-526
The ionospheric Alfvén resonator (IAR) was numerically simulated under non-stationary ionospheric and magnetospheric conditions of the IPDP event of December 4, 1986. The full numerical wave method was applied using height profiles of the ionospheric plasma parameters obtained from the Scandinavian EISCAT radar measurements close to the Ivalo latitude. An attempt to model the inverse problem of numerical simulation—prolongation of the electron density profiles at altitudes above the ionospheric F layer—was made on the basis of the IAR simulation in correlation with the IPDP frequency increase. The change of the IAR wave characteristics during the substorm was illustrated by height profiles of the total wave amplitude and various polarization characteristics, taking into consideration the ordinary L-mode and the extraordinary R-mode waves for parallel and non-parallel incidence with respect to the magnetic field line. 相似文献
155.
The caldera-forming eruption of Volcán Ceboruco, Mexico 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
3 of magma erupted, ∼95% of which was deposited as fall layers. During most of the deposition of P1, eruptive intensity (mass
flux) was almost constant at 4–8×107 kg s−1, producing a Plinian column 25–30 km in height. Size grading at the top of P1 indicates, however, that mass flux waned dramatically,
and possibly that there was a brief pause in the eruption. During the post-P1 phase of the eruption, a much smaller volume
of magma erupted, although mass flux varied by more than an order of magnitude. We suggest that caldera collapse began at
the end of the P1 phase of the eruption, because along with the large differences in mass flux behavior between P1 and post-P1
layers, there were also dramatic changes in lithic content (P1 contains ∼8% lithics; post-P1 layers contain 30–60%) and magma
composition (P1 is 98% rhyodacite; post-P1 layers are 60–90% rhyodacite). However, the total volume of magma erupted during
the Jala pumice event is close to that estimated for the caldera. These observations appear to conflict with models which
envision that, after an eruption is initiated by overpressure in the magma chamber, caldera collapse begins when the reservoir
becomes underpressurized as a result of the removal of magma. The conflict arises because firstly, the P1 layer makes up too
large a proportion (∼75%) of the total volume erupted to correspond to an overpressurized phase, and secondly, the caldera
volume exceeds the post-P1 volume of magma by at least a factor of three. The mismatches between model and observations could
be reconciled if collapse began near the beginning of the eruption, but no record of such early collapse is evident in the
tephra sequence. The apparent inability to place the Jala pumice eruptive sequence into existing models of caldera collapse,
which were constructed to explain the formation of calderas much greater in volume than that at Ceboruco, may indicate that
differences in caldera mechanics exist that depend on size or that a more general model for caldera formation is needed.
Received: 18 November 1998 / Accepted: 23 October 1999 相似文献
156.
BIOGEOGRAPHIC RELATIONS OF THE JURASSIC PECTINOIDA AND OSTREOIDA (BIVALVIA) BETWEEN TANGGULA AND OTHER AREAS 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sha Jingeng 《地学前缘》2000,(Z1)
BIOGEOGRAPHIC RELATIONS OF THE JURASSIC PECTINOIDA AND OSTREOIDA (BIVALVIA) BETWEEN TANGGULA AND OTHER AREAS 相似文献
157.
Sheryl Luzzadder‐Beach 《Geographical review》2000,90(4):493-510
ABSTRACT. Chunchucmil, on the Yucatán Peninsula, was densely populated in the Maya Late Classic period (ca. a.d. 550–830), even though it depends principally on groundwater. In the 1990s, hydrologic investigations were conducted to determine whether groundwater could have met domestic and agricultural needs. The region's groundwater is near the surface and is influenced by sea‐level fluctuations; however, geochemical analysis revealed that groundwater quality is not affected by mixing with seawater. The potential exists for high and spatially extensive nitrate contamination in this karstic area, yet water‐quality analyses revealed only moderate levels of nitrate in the groundwater. Agricultural limitations are imposed by chloride, total dissolved solids, and salinity, as indicated by electrical conductivity; domestic water use is limited by the presence of nitrate, sulfate, and chloride. Throughflow in the ring of cenotes (sinkholes) around the Chicxulub impact crater may explain the movement and spatial distribution of water‐quality constituents in Chunchucmil's groundwater. 相似文献
158.
159.
西北太平洋海表温度变化主成分分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对西北太平洋1982—2010年NOAA系列卫星海表温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)产品进行月平均等处理,采用Reynolds SST月平均场对数据进行质量控制、数据融合等处理,建立高空间覆盖、长时间序列的SST场数据集。对月距平场进行经验正交函数(EOF)分解,分析时空模态特征,并将第一模态时间序列与相关气候时间序列进行比较。主成分分析结果显示西北太平洋SST存在显著的约13a周期的年代际模态和2~5a的类厄尔尼诺模态,年代际变化和西太平洋暖池的年代际振荡相似;类厄尔尼诺模态与Ni珘no-3.4区SST周期变化较为相关,并相对于厄尔尼诺具有约10个月的滞后。本研究显示,西北太平洋可能在多种不同时间尺度气候机制的控制之下。 相似文献
160.
Palaeoflood reconstructions based on stage evidence are typically conducted in data‐poor field settings. Few opportunities exist to calibrate the hydraulic models used to estimate discharge from this evidence. Consequently, an important hydraulic model parameter, the roughness coefficient (e.g. Manning's n), is typically estimated by a range of approximate techniques, such as ‘visual estimation’ and semi‐empirical equations. These techniques contribute uncertainty to resulting discharge estimates, especially where the study reach exhibits sensitivity in the discharge–Manning's n relation. We study this uncertainty within a hydraulic model for a large flood of known discharge on the Mae Chaem River, northern Thailand. Comparison of the ‘calibrated’ Manning's n with that obtained from semi‐empirical equations indicates that these underestimate roughness. Substantial roughness elements in the extra‐channel zone, inundated during large events, contribute significant additional sources of flow resistance that are captured neither by the semi‐empirical equations, nor by existing models predicting stage–roughness variations. This bedrock channel exhibits a complex discharge–Manning's n relation, and reliable estimates of the former are dependent upon realistic assignment of the latter. Our study demonstrates that a large recent flood can provide a valuable opportunity to constrain this parameter, and this is illustrated when we model a palaeoflood event in the same reach, and subsequently examine the magnitude–return period consequences of discharge uncertainty within a flood frequency analysis, which contributes its own source of uncertainty. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献