多重水力断裂的分形扩张

应用复杂性理论对于赣南脉钨矿床的著名“五层楼”式形态垂直分带进行研究 ,获得如下结果。 (1 )赣南脉钨矿床的“五层楼”式形态垂直分带是“多重水力断裂分形扩张”的结果。脉钨矿床的控矿多重断裂是一种以水力断裂为主导的热致与流体驱动断裂构造。脉钨矿床的自组织临界性是多重分形扩张之源 ,而中观破裂尖端周围流体静力学应力场梯度最大区则是分形扩张的驱动力。多重水力断裂的发生和发展是一种分形扩张过程 ,其演化服从串级“崩塌间断平衡”的时空分形生长动力学 ,与地震的Omori余震律相类似。 (2 )脉钨矿床“三环一帽”式的成矿地球化学分带是一种多组分成矿溶液的渗滤、溶解沉淀波结构 ,是成矿反应扩散系统中化学波的时空同步化传播而形成的目标斑图 ,是近平衡地质介质内 ,通过外界的“短暂局部激发”、继之以构造、岩浆和成矿脉动作用等“局部中断”而形成的径向对称、嵌套球状、远离平衡的局域化耗散结构 ,即脉动型自孤子。 (3)赣南脉钨矿床是近平衡区域地质背景中远离平衡的局域化耗散结构。赣南钨矿集区是复合自孤子的群集体。它们是在构造、岩浆多期次脉动条件下 ,来自①矿源层部分熔融的“区域提纯”、②岩浆期后成矿热液输运反应和③含钨地层、岩石淋滤交代的成矿物质 ,通过岩浆和热液孤     

铧厂沟金矿床区域韧性剪切带特征

首次对铧厂沟金矿床区域韧性剪切带进行了较为系统的研究。根据野外地质调查和室内显微构造分析 ,区内发育一条较大区域韧性剪切带 ,无论沿走向还是顺倾向均呈舒缓波状 ,强变形带和弱变形域呈镶嵌形式。区域韧性剪切带经历了右行—左行—右行多期 (次 )活动 ,剪切方位也多次变化 ;早期形成温度约 5 0 0℃ ,以右行剪切为主 ,古应力值大于 0 .0 75GPa。控矿韧脆性剪切带是区域韧性剪切带演化的产物 ,最终形成脆性断裂。区域韧性剪切作用控制矿床、矿带的分布 ,并使部分金从矿源层分溢出来 ,产生第一阶段金的富集。次级韧脆性剪切带 (控矿剪切带 )控制富矿体的分布。因此 ,铧厂沟金矿床可称为韧性剪切带型金矿床。另外 ,中 -下泥盆统三河口群第一岩段第一岩层 (D1 -2 SH1a)部分原岩有明显海底热水同沉积特征 ;在矿床之西万家山—张家山应注意寻找硅化石英粗糜棱岩型金矿石。     

回归分析在确定多金属硫化物矿石密度中的应用

在研究多金属硫化物矿床的特点,分析以往矿床勘查中确定矿石密度值难点的基础上,通过建立矿石密度值与矿石各组分的多元线性回归数学模型,预测矿床的矿石密度值。     

A Quantitative Evaluation of Shale Gas Content in Different Occurrence States of the Longmaxi Formation: A New Insight from Well JY-A in the Fuling Shale Gas Field,Sichuan Basin

Comprehensive quantitative evaluation of shale gas content and the controlling factors in different occurrence states is of great significance for accurately assessing gas-bearing capacity and providing effective well-production strategies. A total of 122 core samples from well JY-A in the Fuling shale gas field were studied to reveal the characteristics of S_1 l shale,15 of which were selected to further predict the shale gas content in different occurrence states, which are dependent on geological factors in the thermal evolution process. Geological parameters were researched by a number of laboratory programs, and the factors influential in controlling shale gas content were extracted by both PCA and GRA methods and prediction models were confirmed by the BE method using SPSS software. Results reveal that the adsorbed gas content is mainly controlled by TOC, Ro, SSA, PD and pyrite content, and the free gas content is mainly controlled by S_2, quartz content, gas saturation and formation pressure for S_1 l in well JY-A. Three methods, including the on-site gas desorption method, the empirical formula method, and the multiple regression analysis method were used in combination to evaluate the shale gas capacity of well JY-A, all of which show that the overall shale gas content of well JY-A is in the range of 2.0–5.0 m~3/t and that the free gas ratio is about 50%, lower than that of well JY-1. Cause analysis further confirms the tectonics and preservation conditions of S_1 l in the geological processes, especially the influence of eastern boundary faults on well JY-A, as the fundamental reasons for the differences in shale gas enrichment in the Jiaoshiba area.     

甘肃地层研究现状、存在问题及今后方向

地层学是地质学重要的基础性学科,是地质工作的基础和支撑。近年来甘肃省地层古生物研究取得重大进展,积累了一批为全省地层研究修史立典的材料,及时总结这些成果素材,按照最新的理论、方法对区域地层进行划分、对比和精准化研究,是一个省区基础地质工作的重要内容。本文通过系统总结和梳理近年来甘肃地层学研究的最新成果,按照时间顺序和学科特点,系统性提出了按照多重地层划分对比理论和《中国地层指南及中国地层指南说明书》（2016年版）和《中国地层表》（2014）的框架和序列,全面提高甘肃地层研究精准度,为全省地质调查和相关研究提供基础支撑;对全省不同地区和不同地质单元地层界线层型和单位层型进行对比研究和厘定,建立新一代甘肃地层表的建议和路径。     

一个采用多种支护技术的基坑工程

基坑支护是一种临时施工措施,目的是挡土挡水,为地下室施工创造条件,同时控制好对周边环境的影响。以一个基坑工程为例,介绍根据其不同的周边环境采用不同的支护技术及在施工过程中发生问题的解决办法,供类似基坑支护工程参考。     

青藏高原"一江两河"农区居民食物消费结构与特征

居民食物消费受自然地理环境、城镇化等因素影响,同时通过市场机制影响区域粮食安全和农牧业发展。以西藏“一江两河”地区为例,基于分层抽样,通过2019年实地入户调研,获取了262户农村居民上年度食物消费数据,对青藏高原农区居民的食物消费结构及其影响因素进行分析。结果表明：① 样本内居民的植物性食物的消费量是动物性食物的3.19倍,植物性食物以蔬菜和粮食为主,动物性食物以肉类和牛奶为主;青稞及青稞酒在藏民饮食中占有重要地位。② 居民食物消费规模和结构与食物自给率指标密切相关,自给自足特征显著。③ 不同地区、家庭规模、务工规模、收入水平以及家庭年龄之间,居民的家庭食物消费结构均有所差异,且不同家庭之间面粉和水果的消费差异最显著。④ 区域差异、家庭规模类型和家庭务工规模是影响样本农区居民食物消费综合差异的主要因素。结果可为青藏高原地区居民食物消费结构改善、膳食营养提升以及农牧业转型发展提供科学基础和决策借鉴。     

基于GPS的地基增强系统机载端完好性算法研究

针对地基增强系统（GBAS）非完好性事件的极端性,开展GBAS完好性算法研究,给出H0和H1假设下的机载端保护级计算方法,并分析GBAS中引起“虚警”和“漏警”两类非完好性事件的主要误差源。实验结果表明,机载端伪距经过差分校正后其位置精度优于1 m,可用性大于99.999 9%,满足CAT Ⅰ精密进近着陆导航需求。同时,进行非完好性事件仿真验证的结果表明,卫星几何分布和电离层风暴是引起“虚警”和“漏警”的主要误差源,未来CAT Ⅲ GBAS需将单星座扩展为包括北斗在内的多星座,将单频升级为双频,其中多星座可以优化卫星的几何布局,双频可以消除电离层风暴的影响。     

Assessing reference evapotranspiration at regional scale based on remote sensing,weather forecast and GIS tools

Reference evapotranspiration (ET_o) is a key component in efficient water management, especially in arid and semi-arid environments. However, accurate ET_o assessment at the regional scale is complicated by the limited number of weather stations and the strict requirements in terms of their location and surrounding physical conditions for the collection of valid weather data. In an attempt to overcome this limitation, new approaches based on the use of remote sensing techniques and weather forecast tools have been proposed.Use of the Land Surface Analysis Satellite Application Facility (LSA SAF) tool and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have allowed the design and development of innovative approaches for ET_o assessment, which are especially useful for areas lacking available weather data from weather stations. Thus, by identifying the best-performing interpolation approaches (such as the Thin Plate Splines, TPS) and by developing new approaches (such as the use of data from the most similar weather station, TS, or spatially distributed correction factors, CITS), errors as low as 1.1% were achieved for ET_o assessment. Spatial and temporal analyses reveal that the generated errors were smaller during spring and summer as well as in homogenous topographic areas.The proposed approaches not only enabled accurate calculations of seasonal and daily ET_o values, but also contributed to the development of a useful methodology for evaluating the optimum number of weather stations to be integrated into a weather station network and the appropriateness of their locations. In addition to ET_o, other variables included in weather forecast datasets (such as temperature or rainfall) could be evaluated using the same innovative methodology proposed in this study.     

非差误差改正信息的大范围单历元网络差分方法

针对网络差分方法多采用双差模型,但双差模型在实现时不够灵活的问题,提出一种基于非差误差改正信息的大范围单历元网络差分方法。此方法能够克服双差网络差分模型的缺点,用户不需要选择一个参考站作为主参考站,更不需要主参考站的观测数据进行双差组合,从而减少了数据传输量,作业方式更加自由、灵活,且算法简单、作业范围大。大范围区域内的流动站用户利用非差误差改正数进行误差改正,然后可实现单历元网络差分定位。实验表明,该方法可完成大范围单历元网络差分定位,并能够得到分米级精度的定位结果。