短蛸(Octopus ocellatus)酪氨酸蛋白激酶基因的克隆及其mRNA在细菌刺激后的表达规律

从前期构建的短蛸(Octopus ocellatus)c DNA文库中克隆获得了一个短蛸酪氨酸蛋白激酶(Oo Btk)基因的c DNA全长,其c DNA全长1191 bp,包括5’非编码区(UTR)259 bp,3’UTR 227 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)705 bp,编码234个氨基酸,预测理论等电点为8.50,分子量为27.7 k Da。运用实时荧光定量PCR法分析了在健康短蛸的不同组织以及鳗弧菌和藤黄微球菌刺激后血细胞中Oo Btk的表达规律,结果表明:Oo Btk在肌肉、外套膜、鳃、鳃心、系统心脏、肝胰脏、肾囊、胃、性腺和血细胞等各检测组织中均有表达,其中在肝胰脏的表达量最高;短蛸经鳗弧菌和藤黄微球菌刺激后,Oo Btk在血细胞中的表达量呈现出了明显的被诱导表达趋势,在鳗弧菌和藤黄微球菌刺激后6 h表达即增强,并分别在鳗弧菌刺激后48 h和藤黄微球菌刺激后12 h达到最高。Oo Btk参与短蛸对于鳗弧菌和藤黄微球菌刺激的应答过程。     

青藏及华北阵列式区域大地电磁场标准观测网建设方法与实验

大地电磁参数标准网的建设需要大量第一手的观测资料,观测资料的质量直接决定了标准网的可靠性。本文分析了大地电磁测深仪器设备、资料采集与处理技术,确定了青藏及华北阵列式区域大地电磁场标准观测网的建设方法;在此基础上,在山东菏泽地区对11535和11635号标准点进行了野外观测试验,对采集的宽频及长周期数据进行了深入处理,形成的对辅助测站和中心测站布置、数据采集时间、资料处理手段和远参考测站布设等要求,将指导青藏及华北阵列式区域大地电磁场标准网的建设,并对中国大陆其他区域大地电磁场标准网建设具有一定参考意义。     

A-C复合交联剂的合成及其应用

合成了3种交联剂:柠檬酸铝、柠檬酸铬、A-C复合交联剂,利用傅立叶红外光谱、紫外光谱对它们进行了表征,并将其用于清水和处理后油田采出污水配制HPAM型聚合物弱凝胶的对比实验。实验表明:A-C复合交联剂用于油田采出污水配制的聚合物弱凝胶的成胶效果最优;当pH值为6、成胶温度为60℃、成胶时间为1 d时所配制的弱凝胶黏度最大,其黏度值达到1 129 mPa.s。随后考察了A-C复合交联剂浓度、成胶温度、矿化度、pH值、S2-及Fe2+等因素对A-C复合交联剂弱凝胶体系黏度的影响效果,结果表明:A-C复合交联剂基本上可用于油田处理后污水配制弱凝胶体系,有望实现油田处理后污水的资源化利用。     

REDD+ readiness process in Cameroon: an analysis of multi-stakeholder perspectives

Cameroon has been a keen participant in Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation plus conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of carbon stocks (REDD+) negotiations since 2005 and has engaged in activities to enhance the implementation of REDD+. This article reviews progress on REDD+ readiness in Cameroon based on a multiple REDD+ functions framework. Results show that some progress has been made in terms of planning and coordination, institutional development, and the development of some REDD+ projects. Absence of a legal framework, inadequate procedures for stakeholder participation, slow progress in the development of a national strategy, monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) challenges, and weak financing remain prominent constraints. Despite having one of the slowest REDD Readiness Preparation Proposal (R-PP) processes in the Congo Basin, stakeholders feel strong ownership because the R-PP was done almost entirely by Cameroonian experts. Some opportunities for improving REDD+ can be considered going forward, including the establishment of procedures for a broader participatory process, speeding up the operationalization of the National Observatory on Climate Change, making use of the ongoing forestry law reform, consideration of a carbon concessions concept, tapping from international initiatives to build on MRV, and improving benefit sharing and financing through the development of an appropriate and decentralized mechanism. Enhancing these opportunities is fundamental for successful REDD+ implementation in Cameroon.

Policy relevance

This article offers a new multidimensional approach to assessing the REDD+ readiness process in Cameroon. This critical assessment, which is done using six key functions, provides an opportunity for enhanced understanding of the process by policy makers, decision makers, and professionals with a view to enabling improvements in the readiness process. Furthermore, the article proffers a series of opportunities that the government and other relevant stakeholders can capitalize on to overcome current hurdles affecting the REDD+ readiness process. It is hoped that policy makers driving the REDD+ process in Cameroon will be able to incorporate the findings of this research into their strategic policy, formulated to advance the REDD+ readiness process. More importantly, it is hoped that the multidimensional framework applied in this study could be useful for assessing REDD+ in similar contexts in the Congo Basin.     

特种监测网解算中IGS站选取的探讨

利用GAMIT/GLOBK软件处理2011年特种监测网的观测数据,将IGS站的选取分10种方案进行试验,计算结果从基线长度变化、测站坐标、NRMS、基线重复率等方面进行了比较。得出利用GAMIT/GLOBK软件处理该特种监测网时的几点建议:建议选取IGS站为GPS网提供参考框架;IGS站选取的数量不一定最多,但空间上应尽量均匀分布;选取7个IGS站时得到较高精度的结果。在日后处理此类型的特种监测网时对IGS站选取具有一定的参考价值。     

基于ECDIS的多数据源支持技术分析

利用多源地理空间数据集成和融合理论,研究了基于ECDIS的多数据源支持技术。介绍了常用的多源海图数据及其使用原则,分析了ECDIS多数据源支持技术的特点及内涵,总结了国内外常用多源海图数据集成方法,从数据可用性角度探讨了提高国产电子海图系统适用性的措施。     

复杂网络中多话题信息传播仿真研究

传统复杂网络话题传播研究,重点关注的是单个话题在网络中的传播,较少考虑多话题之间的相互影响因素。论文分析舆论传播过程中多个话题之间的竞争关系对话题传播的影响机制,建立基于复杂网络的多话题信息传播模型。通过对模型仿真实验及其结果分析表明,当引入个体信息环境影响因素后,一个话题的影响力大于舆论话题环境中其他话题的平均影响力,才会有较大概率影响到更多个体,否则只能在小范围内传播;个体对于话题记忆能力的变化在不同网络中会产生不同影响,在随机网络和BA网络中,人们对于话题的记忆越深,其传播的影响范围越大,而在规则网络和小世界网络中,较小的记忆长度能够让话题传播影响力更大;同时,在具有社群结构的网络中,度大的节点并非会一定会更多的参与某一话题的传播,因为度大的节点有更大概率获得更多的话题。     

相干能量梯度与属性比例融合在断裂构造解释中的应用

相干能量梯度体现了相干数据的振幅变化,它比较有利于突出一些细小的地质特征变化,其属性比例融合是将两个数据体按照一定比例融合在一起生成新的数据体,而新数据体能更好的反映地质特征。实例表明,与相干属性相比,相干能量梯度属性对一些细小构造更敏感,而且可以根据不同方向、时间的切片对不同走向的断层进行追踪;与常规地震时间剖面相比,属性比例融合后的属性剖面,可以在剖面中显示两种属性体的断裂构造特性,减少单一属性体的不确定性。     

A new methodology for building local climate change scenarios: A case study of monthly temperature projections for Mexico City

This paper proposes a new methodology for generating climate change scenarios at the local scale based on multivariate time series models and restricted forecasting techniques. This methodology offers considerable advantages over the current statistical downscaling techniques such as: (i) it provides a better representation of climate at the local scale; (ii) it avoids the occurrence of spurious relationships between the large and local scale variables; (iii) it offers a more appropriate representation of variability in the downscaled scenarios; and (iv) it allows for compatibility assessment and combination of the information contained in both observed and simulated climate variables. Furthermore, this methodology is useful for integrating scenarios of local scale factors that affect local climate. As such, the convenience of different public policies regarding, for example, land use change or atmospheric pollution control can be evaluated in terms of their effects for amplifying or reducing climate change impacts.     

多元权力主体实践下民族村寨的旅游空间再生产——以贵州肇兴侗寨为例

以贵州肇兴侗寨为案例地,运用列斐伏尔的空间生产理论,采用田野调查与深度访谈结合的方法,从物理空间、社会空间、意义空间3个维度审视多元权力主体的“物质－关系－情感”联结以及与旅游发展的自洽性。结果表明：1）物理空间在权力主体的更迭下得以重新规划,有助于劳动力的回流。村寨的原真性在规制的约束下得以维护,但建构的景观符号是对民族村寨的错位表达。2）对于社会空间中的冲突,当地居民采取退让不退出的策略与管理者达成空间错时使用与管理默契。威权人物寨老成为消解分歧、推动社会关系巩固与凝聚的代表。对游客及外来经营户的让渡与周全,体现了当地居民开放包容的待客之道与处事哲学。3）意义空间通过当地居民对节事、文化的情感注入,对文化惯习的传承、对乡约的承继、对怀旧物的回忆与想象得以再生产。对于处在发展上升期的民族村寨而言,多元权力主体会基于利益的共同性与社会关系的粘连性考虑,做出符合当地旅游发展与自身容纳限度的调适与让步,来适应旅游发展带来的空间变化。