Preliminary study of multiple event location on the Kunming Telemetry Seismic Network

Based on the first P wave arrival time data of local earthquakes recorded in the Kunming Telemetry Seismic Network in 1982–1989, the P travel time corrections of the stations in the network were obtained by use of the parameter separation method and the multiple event location method. This set of the corrections reflects the feature of lateral inhomogeneous structure of the upper crust beneath the network to certain degree. The geographic distribution of the sation corrections has obviously regional characteristics, by which the studied area is divided into three sub-areas. In the Western Yunnan area where the stations are the most dense, except the stations of Yunxian, Shidian and Wanding in south, the station corrections are not greater than 0.15 sec. In the eastern area (to the east of Chuxiong) where the network has slightly wider station interval, most of them show obviously positive delay. In southern area, including stations of Wenshan, Simao, Jinghong, Yunxian, Shidian and Wanding, all the stations have large negative delay. The results consist with the basic feature of geologic setting in Yunnan area. The accuracy of the relocated hypocentral parameters based on the corrected travel time data has fairly improved. Therefore the station corrections can be used to the routine processing of earthquake location in the Kunming Seismic Network. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 136–145, 1993.     

The features of multiple fractures associated with the great Haiyuan 8.5 magnitude earthquake of 1920

It is deduced on the basis of field investigation that the total length of the stratigraphic fault associated with the great Haiyuan 8.5 magnitude earthquake of 1920 was 225 km. This fault was formed by 6 secondary faults with different geometric parameters, which align regularly inen echelon arrangement. Each secondary fault can be divided into three segments with different characteristics of deformation where the middle segment was mainly of the horizontal strike—slip fault while another two segments the vertical deformation as shown by the features of reverse or normal faults. It is also shown by the data of vertical and horizontal displacements that the horizontal displacement approached a maximum at the middle segment for each secondary fault and gradually decreased toward and finally disappeared at both ends of each segment while in contrast the vertical displacement was minimum at the middle and became large at both ends of the segment. The feature of the multiple peaks appeared in the deformation as shown by the earthquake displacements along the whole fault. This feature indicates that the 6 secondary faults associated with the great Haiyuan earthquake were the horizontal interrupted planes (i.e., dislocation surface) which were independent on each other, and hence each dislocation surface may represent an independent secondary fracture event of the earthquake. We thus think that the 6 relatively independent secondary events which occurred successfully might result in the great 8.5 magnitude Haiyuan earthquake. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 21–31, 1991. This project is sponsored by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation.     

福建省晚侏罗世—白垩纪陆相火山岩地层划分,对比研究

本文应用地层多重划分观点和方法，对福建省东、西部中生代陆相火山沉积岩系进行地层划分、对比，确立晚侏罗世─白垩纪岩石地层单位１９个，其中群级４个，组级１５个，并与年代地层单位进行对比，指出坂头组与小溪组属晚侏罗世一早白垩世，火山岩地层从内地（西北）向沿海（东南）略具穿时特点。     

Multiple scattering and energy transfer of seismic waves—Separation of scattering effect from intrinsic attenuation II. Application of the theory to Hindu Kush region

In order to separate the scattering effect from intrinsic attenuation, we need a multiple scattering model for seismic wave propagation in random heterogeneous media. In paper I (Wu, 1985), radiative transfer theory is applied to seismic wave propagation and the energy density distribution (or the average intensity) in space for a point source is formulated in the frequency domain. It is possible to separate the scattering effect and the absorption based on the measured energy density distribution curves. In this paper, the data from digital recordings in the Hindu Kush region are used as an example of application of the theory. We also discuss two approximate solutions of coda envelope in the time domain: the single scattering approximation and the diffusion approximation and discuss the relation with the frequency domain solution. We point out that in only two cases can the apparent attenuation be expressed as an exponential decay form. One is thedark medium case, i.e., whenB ₀0.5, whereB ₀ = _s /( _s + _a ) is the seismic albedo, _s is the scattering coefficient, _a is the absorption coefficient. In this case the absorption is dominant, the apparent attenuationb can be approximated by the coherent wave attenuationb = _s + _a . The other case is thediffuse scattering regime, i.e., whenB ₀0.5 (bright medium) andRL _s ,t _s , whereR andt are the propagation distance and lapse time,L _s and _s are the scattering lengths (mean free path) and scattering time (mean free time), respectively. However, in this case the envelope decays with a rate close to the intrinsic attenuation, while the intensity decreases with distance with a coefficientb d ₀( _s + _a ) d _{s s} , whered ₀ andd _s are the diffusion multipliers (0<d ₀,d _s <1).For the Hindu Kush region, by comparing the theory with data from two digital stations of 53 events distributed up to depths of 350 km, we find that the scattering is not the dominant factor for the measured apparent attenuation ofS waves in the frequency range 2–20 Hz. From the observation on high frequency (f>20 Hz) seismograms, we suggest the existence of a stron-scattering surface layer with fine scale heterogeneities in the crust, at least for this region.     

汶川地震前多圈层短—临遥感异常回顾及其时空关联性

地震孕育过程伴随物质迁移、能量释放与信息交换。通过遥感手段获取地表、大气及电离层变化信息，进行地震异常分析与前兆识别，已成为遥感与地震科学交叉研究热点。本文收集整理了2008年汶川大地震以来，国内外发表的该地震潜在遥感异常研究论文；回顾了盖层、大气层、电离层的20个遥感参量异常显现的个体特征，分析了其时空关联性，揭示了总体时空特征。研究表明：（1）汶川地震遥感异常显现是逐渐增多、增强和聚拢的，地震短临前兆突出；（2）震前3个月开始，短—临遥感异常由盖层、大气层往电离层渐次显现，与岩石圈—盖层—大气层—电离层 (LCAI) 耦合范式吻合；（3）短—临遥感异常显现位置与发震断层相关性较强，主要集中于龙门山断裂带(LMSFs)及其周边区域；（4）多种短—临遥感异常区覆盖震中，且多个条带状异常区与LMSFs走向一致，体现了孕震后期LCAI耦合的局地效应。本研究有益于内陆大地震孕育后期的遥感监测分析，也可为地震预测研究提供参考。     

南极和北极地区在全球变化中的作用研究

多次波问题是海洋地震勘探中最突出的问题之一 ,如何有效地压制多次波是解决问题的关键。多次波数据处理的压制方法和技术分为运动学的滤波方法和动力学的波动方程方法两大类。波动方程方法由于几乎不需要先验信息和具有较好的压制效果 ,已经成为多次波压制方法和技术发展的主要趋势。文章首先对波动方程方法进行了较全面的综述 ;然后 ,对波动方程方法中的反馈迭代反演方法做了深入的讨论 ;最后 ,通过理论模型的正反演计算 ,验证了运用波动方程反馈迭代反演法不需要知道震源函数、地下岩层结构和岩性等先验信息。此方法适用于压制多种类型的多次波 ,具有优异的振幅保真性等独特的优点。     

蚀变作用的多原岩系统及质量平衡

介绍了造成岩石地球化学不均匀性的原因，主要有测量误差、闭合问题及岩石学方面的控制等。各有其不同的研究和解决方法。对于蚀变岩的多原岩系统，常用不相容高场强元素（HFSE）来描述岩石性质，用其作为监视器，可作出各相容元素（或成分）的分异线；用不活动元素蚀变线与分异线的产点来确定原始成分，并在此基础上进行蚀变岩质量变化的计算。     

冈底斯岩带热演化史的MDD模式新证据Ⅰ

本文首次报道在我国实验室利用特定的40Ar/39Ar阶段加热程序和MDD械处理得到的钾长石冷却曲线，加之黑云母和磷灰石的年龄测定结果进一步讨论了冈底斯岩带的热演化史。     

CONTOUR DYNAMICS FOR THE MOTION OF MULTIPLE RING VORTICES Luo Zhexian Nanjing Institute of Meteorology,Nanjing 210044

contour dynamics;;multiple ring vortex;;Coriolis force;;nonlinearity