空间直角坐标和大地坐标的转换

目前国内在空间直角坐标和大地坐标转换公式使用问题上 ,还明显缺乏必要的统一性。针对这个问题 ,本文作者在全面分析和比较国内外现有各种转换方法的基础上 ,重点推荐和介绍根据 Bowring研究思路导出的转换公式 ,这组公式既简单又具有很高的计算精度 ,能够满足各个部门的使用要求     

Determination of post-glacial land uplift from the three precise levellings in Finland

We have calculated vertical velocities and their change in time from three precise levellings in Finland, with central epochs 1902, 1946, and 1986. Models with and without simultaneous determination of heights give the same results for velocities. Evidence for velocity change in time appears at first sight strong but on closer examination turns out to be inconclusive. We offer an alternative explanation in terms of levelling errors and estimate them. A new uplift map closely reproduces main features of earlier maps from partial data, but does not support some details in them. Received: 27 January 1997/ Accepted: 20 April 1998     

Prediction of soil properties using imaging spectroscopy: Considering fractional vegetation cover to improve accuracy

Spectroscopic techniques have become attractive to assess soil properties because they are fast, require little labor and may reduce the amount of laboratory waste produced when compared to conventional methods. Imaging spectroscopy (IS) can have further advantages compared to laboratory or field proximal spectroscopic approaches such as providing spatially continuous information with a high density. However, the accuracy of IS derived predictions decreases when the spectral mixture of soil with other targets occurs. This paper evaluates the use of spectral data obtained by an airborne hyperspectral sensor (ProSpecTIR-VS – Aisa dual sensor) for prediction of physical and chemical properties of Brazilian highly weathered soils (i.e., Oxisols). A methodology to assess the soil spectral mixture is adapted and a progressive spectral dataset selection procedure, based on bare soil fractional cover, is proposed and tested. Satisfactory performances are obtained specially for the quantification of clay, sand and CEC using airborne sensor data (R² of 0.77, 0.79 and 0.54; RPD of 2.14, 2.22 and 1.50, respectively), after spectral data selection is performed; although results obtained for laboratory data are more accurate (R² of 0.92, 0.85 and 0.75; RPD of 3.52, 2.62 and 2.04, for clay, sand and CEC, respectively). Most importantly, predictions based on airborne-derived spectra for which the bare soil fractional cover is not taken into account show considerable lower accuracy, for example for clay, sand and CEC (RPD of 1.52, 1.64 and 1.16, respectively). Therefore, hyperspectral remotely sensed data can be used to predict topsoil properties of highly weathered soils, although spectral mixture of bare soil with vegetation must be considered in order to achieve an improved prediction accuracy.     

三维探地雷达在城市地下管线探测中的应用

城市的扩建、旧城的改造以及水生态建设等都离不开对城市原有地下管线的调查,精准探测地下管线的分布情况是保障管线安全和确保市政工程正常运行的重要工作.为提高城市地下管线探测精度,本文采用三维探地雷达在东莞进行管线探测研究.结果表明,三维探地雷达能显示不同方向、不同埋深、不同类型的地下管线,在城市地下管线探测工作中应用效果显...     

利用稀少卫星影像控制点生产1:10 000 DOM——以阿拉善盟测区为例

青藏铁路沿线地表受多年冻土的影响会产生抬升和沉降,形变监测对于其安全运行至关重要。本文采用41景C波段Sentinel-1A升轨数据,结合均匀网格划分子区域的方法,探测分布相对均匀的永久散射体,以作为SBAS InSAR技术的地面控制点,对青藏线羊八井站至乌玛塘站段铁路及其沿线地表进行形变监测。试验结果表明,该段铁路年形变速率范围为-8~2 mm/a,该区域形变受周围冻土的影响随季节呈周期性变化;SBAS InSAR技术和本文的PS-SBAS InSAR技术在同名点形变趋势与形变程度方面的对比结果保持一致性,进一步说明了本文方法的可靠性。     

Land quality index assessment for agricultural purpose using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)

In this study, an attempt has been made to apply Remote Sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) to determine land quality for agriculture purpose using analytic hierarchy process technique. In this study, various thematic layers were used like organic matter content, soil texture, soil depth, soil pH, soil P, soil K, geomorphology, run-off potential, slope and land use/land cover to assess the land quality index of the study area for the agriculture purpose which were generated in the RS and GIS environment. The study area can be divided into four zones, viz. high quality, moderately quality, marginally quality and low quality according to their suitability of land quality for agriculture purpose. It was found that about 39.09, 31.24, 20.41 and 9.26% of the study area falls under high quality zone, moderately quality, marginally quality and low quality zone, respectively, for agricultural purpose.     

Semi-automatic delineation of badlands using contrast in vegetation activity: a case study in the lower Chambal valley,India

Population growth worldwide leads to an increasing pressure on the land. Recent studies reported that many areas covered by badlands are decreasing because parts of badlands are being levelled and converted into arable land. It is important to monitor these changes for environmental planning. This paper proposes a remote-sensing-based detection method which allows mapping of badland dynamics based on seasonal vegetation changes in the lower Chambal valley, India. Supervised classification was applied on three Landsat (Thematic Mapper) images, from 3 different seasons; January (winter), April (summer) and October (post-monsoon). Different band selection methods were applied to get the best classification. Validation was done by ground referencing and a GeoEye-1 satellite image. The image from January performed best with overall accuracy of 87% and 0.69 of kappa. This method opens the possibilities of using semi-automatic classification for the Chambal badlands which is so far mapped with manual interpretations only.     

基于均值变点法提取地形起伏度的影响因素分析——以黄河流域(山西段)为例

地形起伏度因子在宏观尺度生态评估中具有重要作用。均值变点法是确定地形起伏度最佳分析窗口的常用方法,但其影响因素尚缺乏研究。本文以黄河流域(山西段)为例,基于DEM数据和均值变点法提取了研究区地形起伏度,并探讨了分析窗口样本数量、DEM分辨率和地貌类型3种因素的影响。结果表明：(1)分析窗口样本数量对最佳分析窗口取值有明显影响。随着样本数量的增加,变点所在的最佳分析窗口面积也不断增加。(2)DEM分辨率对最佳分析窗口取值有一定影响。分析窗口面积取值范围一致时,基于30 m ASTER GDEM计算得到的最佳分析窗口面积小于基于90 m SRTM DEM的最佳分析窗口面积。(3)地貌类型对最佳分析窗口取值的影响不大。当分析窗口样本数量一致时,不同地貌类型区及整个研究区最佳分析窗口相同或接近。总体而言,分析窗口样本数量是最关键的影响因素。     

杞麓湖形态时空变化分析及地图可视化

杞麓湖是滇中高原湖泊的典型代表之一,近年来湖泊形态变化频繁且明显。基于2010—2021年的Landsat卫星影像,提取杞麓湖湖泊面积、湖岸线长度以及湖泊质心等数据,并计算出其他湖泊形态特征指标的数值。结合各年湖岸线的具体形态,对所获取数据的变化趋势及其原因进行分析,得出湖泊形态在时间与空间两个维度上的变化特征。根据专题地图制图的理论与规范,运用“形”“数”结合的方法对研究内容进行可视化表达,绘制杞麓湖湖泊形态的专题地图。     

2003—2019年邯郸市叶面积指数时空变化特征

研究和掌握叶面积指数(LAI)时空变化特征,对区域植被保护、植树造林和环境保护具有重要的参考意义.本文以邯郸市为例,基于MCD15A3H遥感影像数据、DEM数据和土地利用等多元数据,引入Sen趋势与Mann-Kendall趋势检验分析方法,系统分析了邯郸市像素尺度上的LAI数值的变化特征,并基于不同的土地利用类型、不同...