川北砂岩-泥岩系混合作用地球化学特征

根据沉积岩混合作用判别原理,应用元素铬－钍判别法,判明川北砂岩－泥岩系为二元混合成因。再根据二元混合元素丰度关系定律,由混合变换式求出丰度关系常数,认为川北砂岩－泥岩系既具有互稀释混合作用,又具有稀释混合作用,进而可以对沉积岩端员物质组成进行估算。     

Petrogenetic and Metallogenetic Background of the Dajing Cu–Sn–Ag–Pb–Zn Ore Deposit, Inner Mongolia, and Characteristics of the Mineralizing Fluid

Abstract: The Dajing Cu–Sn–Ag–Pb–Zn ore deposit, Inner Mongolia of China, is a fissure‐filling hydrothermal ore deposit that occurs within the Upper Permian Linxi group. No magmatic pluton and volcanic rocks outcrop on the surface of the deposit. Most of ore veins show clear‐cut boundary with country rocks. Wallrock alterations that include silicification, carbonation, chlori–tization, and sericitization are generally weak and occur in the close vicinity of ore veins. Mineralization is divided into three stages: (1) cassiterite–arsenopyrite–quartz stage, (2) sulfide stage, and (3) Pb–Zn–Ag–carbonate stage. These mineralization stages have distinct ranges of homogenization temperatures, 290–350C for Stage 1, 260–320C for Stage 2, and 150–250C for Stage 3. However, salinities for Stages 1, 2, and 3 overlap and range between 2.2 and 10.4 wt % NaCl equivalent. The dD values relative to V‐SMOW of inclusion water from quartz are lower than –88% and centered at –100 to –130%. The δ³⁴S values relative to CDT of sulfide ore minerals and δ¹³C values relative to PDB of carbonate gangue minerals, vary from –0.3 to +2.6%, and from –7.0 to –2.9%, respectively. Integrated isotopic data point to two major contributions to the mineralizing fluid that include a dominant meteoric‐derived water and the other from hypogene magma for sulfur and carbon species. Analyses of inclusion gas and liquid compositions are performed. The H₂O and CO₂ are the two most abundant gaseous components, whereas SO₄^2‐ and Cl^‐, and Na⁺, Ca²⁺, and K⁺ are the major anions and cations, respectively. A linear trend is shown on the gaseous H₂O versus CO₂ plot. Phase separation is excluded as cause for the trend on the basis of isotope data and fluid inclusion microthermometry. In addition, a weak wallrock alteration does not support fluid‐rock interaction as an efficient mechanism. Hence, the linear H₂O–CO₂ trend is interpreted in terms of absorption or dilution of CO₂–dominant magmatic vapor by meteoric‐derived water. Cooling effects resulting from dilution may have caused precipitation of ore minerals. Major and trace element compositions of regional granites show a high‐K calc–alkaline characteristics and an arc–affinity. Lead isotopic compositions of galena samples from the Dajing deposit exhibit elevated U/Pb and Th/Pb ratios. These characteristics indicate a common source of supra subduction zone mantle wedge for regional granites and metals from the Dajing deposit.     

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿区成矿斑岩的岩浆混合作用:石英及长石斑晶新证据

西藏甲玛矿区斑岩内石英和长石斑晶的阴极发光(CL)特征及元素含量变化有效记录了岩浆演化、混合及补给事件.石英斑晶的显微生长结构表明,原始岩浆经历过2次铁镁质岩浆混合作用.根据石英斑晶中Ti含量的变化可知,在2次溶蚀前后,石英结晶温度分别增高了约110℃和80℃.此外,斜长石斑晶的反环带及其Ba、Sr、Fe等元素的浓度梯...     

岩石物理化学性质对泰宁丹霞洞穴的形成制约

泰宁丹霞红层由铁钙质混合胶结的较松散固结红色砂砾岩构成,岩石胶结物中CaCO3含量较高,抗压强度极低、孔隙度和含水性均较高。当岩石遇水湿润或浸泡时,或者生物风化过程中受到各种动植物分泌的有机酸作用,岩石胶结物中CaCO3易溶解流失,促使丹霞红层进一步软弱松散。冬季水结冰之后体积会膨胀,所以岩层表面产生片状裂隙。通过裂隙的毛细管效应,孔隙-裂隙水由岩石内部向结冰的表面扩散,在表面张力作用下水呈表面积最小的球状。春季化冻时岩石沿球形片状裂隙自由剥落的片状风化,圆球形洞穴开始形成,随着四季交替,年复一年,间歇性结冰和融化过程,使得洞穴逐渐扩大,形成泰宁丹霞各种形态的洞穴奇观。     

Hydrothermal mixing,carbonate dissolution and sulfide precipitation in Mississippi Valley-type deposits

A large number of Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT) deposits are located within dissolution zones in carbonate host rocks. Some genetic models propose the existence of cavities generated by an earlier event such as a shallow karstification, that were subsequently filled with hydrothermal minerals. Alternative models propose carbonate dissolution caused by the simultaneous precipitation of sulfides. These models fail to explain either the deep geological setting of the cavities, or the observational features which suggest that the dissolution of carbonates and the precipitation of minerals filling the cavities are not strictly coeval. We present a genetic model inspired by the textural characteristics of MVT deposits that accounts for both the dissolution of carbonate and precipitation of sulfides and later carbonates in variable volumes. The model is based on the mixing of two hydrothermal fluids with a different chemistry. Depending on the proportion of the end members, the mixture dissolves and precipitates carbonates even though the two mixing solutions are both independently saturated in carbonates. We perform reactive transport simulations of mixing of a regional groundwater and brine ascending through a fracture, both saturated in calcite, but with different overall chemistries (Ca and carbonate concentrations, pH, etc). As a result of the intrinsic effects of chemical mixing, a carbonate dissolution zone, which is enhanced by acid brines, appears above the fracture, and another zone of calcite precipitation builds up between the cavity and the surrounding rock. Sulfide forms near the fracture and occupies a volume smaller than the cavity. A decline of the fluid flux in the fracture would cause the precipitation of calcite within the previously formed cavities. Therefore, dissolution of carbonate host rock, sulfide precipitation within the forming cavity, and later filling by carbonates may be part of the same overall process of mixing of fluids in the carbonate host rock.Editorial handling: C. Everett     

冈底斯明则-程巴斑岩-夕卡岩型Mo-Cu矿床成矿时代与含矿岩石成因

冈底斯东南缘克鲁-冲木达矿带以发育渐新世斑岩-夕卡岩型Mo-W-Cu成矿作用而有别于冈底斯中新世斑岩-夕卡岩型Cu-Mo-Au矿带,但是对渐新世成矿岩石类型及成因以及渐新世与中新世斑岩成矿作用存在差异的原因尚不清楚,严重制约了该带矿产资源潜力评价.为此,本文选择矿带内程巴斑岩型Mo矿床及明则夕卡岩型Cu矿床开展了成岩与成矿年代学及含矿岩石成因研究.明则矿区与夕卡岩矿化有关的二长岩的结晶年龄为30.4±0.6Ma,表明夕卡岩矿化时代约30Ma,这与程巴斑岩型Mo矿床矿石中辉钼矿Re-Os同位素分析所揭示的约30Ma矿化时代一致.明则二长岩的SiO2含量为55％ ～57％,K2O含量为2.7％ ～5.0％,属于钾玄岩,具有较高的MgO含量(3.5％～6.9％)、Mg#值(57.6～67.2)以及相容元素含量(Cr =34×10-6 ～379×10-6;Ni为48×10-6～116×10-6).而程巴花岗闪长岩的SiO2含量为65％ ～ 67％,K2O含量为3.2％～4.1％,属于高钾钙碱性岩,具有较低的MgO含量(1.7％～2.1％)、Mg#值(49.5～51.1)以及相容元素含量(Cr =20×10-6～39×10-6;Ni为16×10-6 ～25×10-6).二长岩和花岗闪长岩均显示富集轻稀土元素与大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,具有弱的Eu负异常,但二长岩的REE含量明显高于花岗闪长岩,且具有较低的Sr/Y比值(24 ～49),后者Sr/Y比值为54～68.两种岩石均具有类似的Hf同位素组成,二长岩的εHf(t)值为+2.8～+6.8,花岗闪长岩εHf(t)值为+4.2～ +6.1.综合分析表明,二长岩是受大洋板片流体交代的富集岩石圈地幔部分熔融的产物,而花岗闪长岩是增厚的新生下地壳部分熔融的产物,二者在形成过程中可能发生了幔源镁铁质岩浆与壳源长英质岩浆的混合作用,这种壳幔相互作用导致区域斑岩-夕卡岩型Cu-Mo矿化,但由于该区隆升剥蚀强烈,上部的斑岩型Cu矿体基本被剥蚀而没有保存下来,因此现今表现为斑岩型Mo矿床.     

煤层陷落柱多波地震数值模拟与成像研究

陷落柱是煤田勘探开发中常见的地质灾害体,陷落柱的精确探测一直是煤田安全生产研究的重点,单纯依靠常规纵波地震勘探技术难以满足现阶段煤田精细勘探的需求。多波地震勘探技术能够获得纵波和转换波地震资料,提供更丰富的波场信息,且转换波对于埋深较浅的小幅度构造有更高的分辨率,充分利用多分量地震资料可以有效的提高地震勘探的精度。本文将多波地震技术应用到煤层陷落柱研究中,利用数值方法对煤层陷落柱进行多波地震勘探模拟研究,采用弹性波有限差分方法对构建的陷落柱模型进行多分量正演模拟,然后分别对波场分离后的PP波和PS波地震数据进行叠前深度偏移成像测试。通过对两个小尺寸陷落柱模型进行多波地震数值试算表明,多波地震勘探技术是一种有效的煤层陷落柱探测方法,充分利用多波地震资料有利于查明煤层陷落柱构造,对陷落柱取得更好的勘探效果。     

Hybrid Sedimentation in Late Permian-Early Triassic in Western Sichuan Basin,China

Mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sedimentation is common in the Upper Permian-Lower Tri-assic in the western Sichuan(四川) basin.The extensional movement was strong in the Late Permian,resulting in differential uplifting of fault blocks.During this period,there was an extensive retrogres-sion.The Kangdian(康滇) ancient land progressive uplifted and enlarged,forming the major prove-nance of terrigenous clastics.In Changxingian age,mixed terrigenous-carbonate sedimentation was dis-tributed in the area between Dafeis...     

壳幔Rb—Sr混合等时线及其地质意义

本文利用二元混合模型讨论了壳幔物质的不同混合环境对Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线年龄的影响。一般情况下,混合作用将使岩体的同位素年龄变大;若地壳物质在混合之前经受过Ｒｂ丢失和（或）Ｓｒ获得事件,则等时线斜率的变化较大,可能得到很大的年龄和异常低的初始同位素比值,甚至斜率为负值。对一组分离的底辟小岩体而言,同一底辟岩体作矿物内部等时线能够得到结晶年龄,但用不同岩体的全岩得到的等时线则可能给出围岩年龄（条件是各底辟     

一种生成大周期伪随机数的新算法——改进的混合同余法

为了克服当前所生成的伪随机数周期小、每个随机数仅能出现1次而不能重复的缺点,本文提出了一种生成伪随机数的新方法,称为改进的混合同余法。