流量测井在厚覆盖层地区勘查水源实例

针对深层水勘探中存在的问题,介绍了解决问题的方法及流量测井的工作原理,并结合工作实例,论述了流量测井在基岩区水文地质勘探中求取部分水文地质参数的技术优势与应用效果.流量测井在两孔的成功应用,为两地后续的地下水资源评价有指导意义.     

孔内事故的预防与处理

钻探施工经常发生诸如埋钻、烧钻、卡钻、夹钻、掉钻等事故，而导致发生各种事故的原因却多种多样，因此根据事故的具体情况，应选择不同的处理方式。对于较常见的事故采用捞、提、扫、冲、顶等办法来解决，对一些复杂事故，可使用反、透、扩、钻、剥、偏等方式处理。钻井中的卡钻、埋钻、烧钻等事故应以预防为主。     

吸附卡钻的预防与处理

吸附卡钻事故与钻井液关系最为密切。实践证明，在大多数情况下，吸附卡钻是可以预防的：即调节好钻进液性能、降低泥饼的粘滞系数，减少钻具与井壁的接触面积。     

深孔勘察中强自然造斜地层的防斜纠斜工艺技术措施

在强自然造斜地层的深孔勘察施工中，孔斜问题一直是影响钻孔质量和勘察成果质量的重要因素。以穿越恒山山脉铁路隧道深孔勘察为例，介绍了在自然造斜严重的片麻岩地层中采用有效钻孔防斜措施和螺杆钻具纠斜方法，保证了勘察钻孔的质量。     

小波分析在高分辨率层序地层研究中的应用

为了研究测井曲线小波变换用于高分辨率层序地层研究的方法效果，从小波系数模极值点、过零点与信号突变点数学关系出发，分析高分辨率层序地层研究对测井曲线划分不同级别层序的要求，探讨了测井小波变换最佳分解级次和适于测井曲线分层的小波函数选择，以一取心率高钻孔为例，用2种小波函数对4种测井曲线进行小波变换和高分辨率地层界面解译。研究表明，选择恰当窗宽小波函数决定测井曲线小波分层精度，测井数据sym6小波分解的小层界面划分效果要稍好于db4小波；GR、RT曲线正则性小波分解可以很好地满足高分辨率层序地层划分要求；测井曲线小波分层结果与岩心分析结果一致性好。     

轻便快速振动冲击取样机具的研制

为了解决化探取样和环境取样在交通不便、缺水地区的生产实际问题,研制了高效、轻便的振动冲击取样机具。介绍了激振器、取样器及机架等模块的技术参数、结构形式和特点,并结合生产试验情况提出改进建议。     

Making sound inferences from geomagnetic sounding

We examine the nonlinear inverse problem of electromagnetic induction to recover electrical conductivity. As this is an ill-posed problem based on inaccurate data, there is a critical need to find the reliable features of the models of electrical conductivity. We present a method for obtaining bounds on Earth’s average conductivity that all conductivity profiles must obey. Our method is based completely on optimization theory for an all-at-once approach to inverting frequency-domain electromagnetic data. The forward modeling equations are constraints in an optimization problem solving for the electric fields and the conductivity simultaneously. There is no regularization required to solve the problem. The computational framework easily allows additional inequality constraints to be imposed, allowing us to further narrow the bounds. We draw conclusions from a global geomagnetic depth sounding data set and compare with laboratory results, inferring temperature and water content through published Boltzmann-Arrhenius conductivity models. If the upper mantle is assumed to be volatile free we find it has an average temperature of 1409-1539 ° C. For the top 1000 km of the lower mantle, we find an average temperature of 1849-2008 ° C. These are in agreement with generally accepted mantle temperatures. Our conclusions about water content of the transition zone disagree with previous research. With our bounds on conductivity, we calculate a transition zone consisting entirely of Wadsleyite has <0.27  wt.% water and as we add in a fraction of Ringwoodite, the upper bound on water content decreases proportionally. This water content is less than the 0.4 wt.% water required for melt or pooling at the 410 km seismic discontinuity.     

Persistence of road runoff generation in a logged catchment in Peninsular Malaysia

Measurements of saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_s) and diagnostic model simulations show that all types of logging road/trail in the 14·4 ha Bukit Tarek Experimental Catchment 3 (BTEC3) generate substantial Horton overland flow (HOF) during most storms, regardless of design and level of trafficking. Near‐surface K_s(0–0·05 m) on the main logging road, skid trails and newly constructed logging terraces was less than 1, 2 and 34 mm h^?1, respectively. Near‐surface K_s on an abandoned skid trail in an adjacent basin was higher (62 mm h^?1), owing to the development of a thin organic‐rich layer on the running surface over the past 40 years. Saturated hydraulic conductivity measured at 0·25 m below the surface of all roads was not different (all <6 mm h^?1) and corresponded to the K_s of the adjacent hillslope subsoil, as most roads were excavated into the regolith more than 0·5–1 m. After 40 years, only limited recovery in near‐surface K_s occurred on the abandoned skid trail. This road generated HOF after the storage capacity of the upper near‐surface layer was exceeded during events larger than about 20 mm. Thus, excavation into low‐K_s substrate had a greater influence on the persistence of surface runoff production than did surface compaction by machinery during construction and subsequent use during logging operations. Overland flow on BTEC3 roads was also augmented by the interception of shallow subsurface flow traveling along the soil–saprolite/bedrock interface and return flow emerging from the cutbank through shallow biogenic pipes. The most feasible strategy for reducing long‐term road‐related impacts in BTEC3 is limiting the depth of excavation and designing a more efficient road network, including minimizing the length and connectivity of roads and skid trails. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

电磁波测井资料反演中Jacobi矩阵的快速算法及其特性分析

针对采用单发双收探头同时测量相位差和幅度比,测井响应与地层介电常数和电阻率两者都有关的电磁波测井资料反演问题，构造了其反演目标函数Jacobi矩阵〖WTHX〗J的快速算法.J直接给出了测井响应随地层参数变化的关系，利用J和它转置矩阵J〖WTBZ〗T的有意义乘积〖WTHX〗J·J〖WTBZ〗T和〖WTHX〗J〖WTBZ〗T.〖WTHX〗J〖WTBZ〗可以方便地对在非均质地层中测井响应特征和仪器的探测特性进行考察分析，为测井资料处理方法研究与仪器改进提供依据.     

某通讯基站对炸药库雷击风险的影响分析

以移动通讯基站为例，从基站“引雷”作用的角度，通过理论和计算分析，认为基站能使周边环境雷击频率和雷电强度增加，但基站周边建筑物自身受直击雷危害的影响远大于受基站雷击感应的影响，所以基站周边建筑物自身要有完善的防雷装置才能保证其安全。