A New Retracking Technique for Brown Peaky Altimetric Waveforms

A new Brown-Peaky (BP) retracker has been developed for peaky waveforms that usually appear within ～10 km to the coastline. The main feature of the BP is that it fits peaky waveforms using the Brown model without introducing a peak function. The retracking strategy first detects the peak location and width of a waveform using an adaptive peak detection method, and then estimates retracking parameters using a weighted least squares (WLS) estimator. The WLS assigns a downsized weight to corrupted waveform gates, but an equal weight to other normal waveform gates. The BP retracker has been applied to 4-year Jason-1 waveform (2002–2006) in two Australian coastal zones. The results retracked by BP, MLE4 and ALES retrackers have been validated against tide-gauge observations located at Burnie, Lorne and Broome. The comparison results show that three retrackers have similar performance over open oceans with the correlation coefficient (～0.7) and RMSE (～13 cm) between altimetric and tide-gauge sea levels for distance >7 km offshore. The main improvement of BP retracker occurs for distance ≤7 km to the coastline, where validation results indicate that data retracked by BP are more accurate (15–21 cm) than those by ALES (16–24 cm) and MLE4 (19–37 cm).     

关于最小二乘问题近似解误差估计的进一步分析

Brezinski等人给出了最小二乘问题近似解的一族误差估计。该误差估计含有1个实参数。本文的贡献有3个方面:其一是给出了1种参数选择策略;其二是对该族误差估计的性质做出进一步分析;其三是分析了应用于Tikhonov正则化时应注意的一些问题。     

基于滑动L2优化准则的GPS坐标时间序列重构

GPS坐标时间序列中不仅包含白噪声,还包含闪烁噪声、随机漫步噪声等有色噪声,这些噪声将影响GPS应用的可靠性,甚至可能对一些地球物理现象做出错误的解释,因此降低GPS坐标时间序列中有色噪声的影响、提高GPS精度是一个重要和基本的问题。提出了一种滑动L₂优化估计方法(ML₂),通过选取合适的窗口建立L₂优化模型,再利用交替迭代乘子法求解每段时间序列的优化问题,并逐年滑动得到整段GPS坐标时间序列的估计。实验结果表明,ML₂方法与奇异谱分析、小波分解、滑动普通最小二乘法相比具有更好的重构效果。     

郑州市市区风环境模拟研究

城市风环境是城市微气候研究的一个重要方向,对分析城市热岛效应、空气流通等具有重要意义。本文以郑州市市区为例,使用1971—2018年气象观测数据、2018年建筑分布数据（OSM）和2016年资源三号卫星数据作为数据源,通过运用气象学和GIS技术结合的方法,探究潜在通风廊道,科学量化城市形态对风环境的影响。研究首先借助WindNinja软件,对城市背景风环境进行模拟分析,该计算方法提高了风道定位的精度。然后利用卫星遥感数据制作了数字高程模型（DSM）,结合OSM计算下垫面地表粗糙度。进一步借助ArcGIS软件,利用最小成本路径法（LCP）确定城市潜在通风廊道的位置。结果表明：① 郑州市近年来平均风速缓慢下降,平均每10年下降0.26 m/s;全年主导风向东北风进入城市后受城市形态影响在京广铁路线附近以西逐渐转为东北偏东风,其中在京广快速路以东风速较高,在京广快速路以西风速较低;② 金水区西部、中原区、二七区以及管城区的地表粗糙度较高,通风环境较差;金水区东部和惠济区的地表粗糙度较低,通风环境较好;③根据盛行风向模拟的潜在通风廊道,其共同特点是趋向于低粗糙度的地区。     

三维坐标转换的稳健加权总体最小二乘算法

针对当前加权对称相似变换中仅考虑观测值含有随机误差,而不考虑观测值含有粗差的情况,基于加权对称相似变换进一步验证其不具有抗差性,并在此基础上采用选权迭代法进行稳健加权对称相似变换。由中位数法求解具有抗差性的单位权中误差,构造标准化残差,求解权因子,进而求得可靠的参数解。实验结果表明,当观测值含有4~6个粗差时,采用该方法能够探测出更多可能存在粗差的数据,给出的权因子更合理,所得参数解精度更高、稳定性更强。     

利用最小二乘配置识别川滇地区跨断层形变异常的研究

将最小二乘配置方法的高斯型经验协方差函数模型应用于区域跨断层形变曲线的异常辅助识别。通过川滇地区跨断层形变对芦山7.0级、康定6.3级、鲁甸6.5级等地震的前兆异常判定曲线,说明最小二乘配置内插拟合可以进行区域跨断层水准形变曲线的趋势模拟和辅助查找区间异常特征,对于跨断层形变曲线异常识别有一定意义。     

一阶可变号非线性奇异初值问题

获得了一类一阶可变号非线性奇异初值问题的新结果。     

New Damage-locating Method for Bridges Subjected to a Moving Load

A new damage-locating method for bridges subjected to a moving load is presented, and a new ‘moving load damage-locating indicator＇ （MLDI） is introduced. A vehicle is modeled as a moving load, the bridge is simplified as an Euler-Bernoulli beam, and the damage is simulated by a reduction of stiffness properties of the elements. The curvature and MLDI values at each node of the baseline model （undamaged） and the damage model are computed respectively. Then the damage or damages can be located from a sudden change of the MLDI value. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are validated by numerical simulation. The results indicate that the method is effective, being able to not only locate a single damage accurately, but also locate multiple damages in simply-supported bridges, including multiple damages in continuous bridges. The results also indicate that the MLDI can accurately locate damages under 5% measurement noise.     

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中国大陆速度场模型建立方法研究

将中国大陆划分成东北、华北、华南、青藏、西北5个块体,基于克里金插值法、最小二乘配置法、最小二乘配置移动拟合推估法等3种方法及速度场数据研究中国大陆速度场模型建立方法。利用外检点分析不同建模方法的精度情况,最小二乘配置法在大部分块体（华北、华南、东北块体）的拟合精度都较高,表现稳定|克里金插值法在青藏、华北块体的拟合精度较高。利用克里金插值法与最小二乘配置法获取中国大陆1°×1°格网中心点速度场成果,两种方法成果差异较小。