黄土丘陵沟壑区流域系统侵蚀与产沙关系

从长期来看流域系统的侵蚀与产沙基本可以达到平衡,泥沙输移比约等于１。但次降雨或分年度泥沙输移比有相当大的变幅,在短期内会经常存在泥沙的滞留和滞留的泥沙被重新锓蚀搬运,而出现泥沙输移比小于１和大于１的情况。这主要与降雨的空间分布和洪峰增减幅度及径流深度增减幅度密切相关。流域系统次降雨泥沙输移比及各级沟道含沙水流的挟沙能力变化可用单位面积上洪峰增减幅度变化时暴雨洪水的剪切力的转化机制来描述。     

VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER HEIGHT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH PM2.5 CONCENTRATION OVER CHINA

The planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) was calculated using the radiosonde sounding data, including 120 L-band operational sites and 8 GPS sites in China. The diurnal and seasonal variations of PBLH were analyzed using radiosonde sounding (OBS-PBLH) and ERA data (ERA-PBLH). Based on comparison and error analyses, we discussed the main error sources in these data. The frequency distributions of PBLH variations under different regimes (the convective boundary layer, the neutral residual layer, and the stable boundary layer) can be well fitted by a Gamma distribution and the shape parameter k and scale parameter s values were obtained for different regions of China. The variation characteristics of PBLH were found in summer under these three regimes for different regions. The relationships between PBLH and PM2.5 concentration generally follow a power law under very low or no precipitation conditions in the region of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei in summer. The results usually deviated from this power distribution only under strong precipitation or high relative humidity conditions because of the effects of hygroscopic growth of aerosols or wet deposition. The OBS-PBLH provided a reasonable spatial distribution relative to ERA-PBLH. This indicates that OBS-PBLH has the potential for identifying the variation of PM2.5 concentration.     

基于小波包分解的结构自振特征提取及多路径误差分离

为了准确获取结构自振特性,通过分析多路径误差和结构振动的频率特征,采用小波包分解和频谱分析相结合的方法,在不同尺度下进行特定成分的提取,再作频率特性分析。实验结果表明,小波包能够有效地分离多路径误差,实现结构振动特征的提取,GPS测定的结构自振频率与理论值吻合较好,并且具有很好的稳定性。     

应用Bernese软件进行高精度GPS定位解算

介绍了高精度的GPS处理软件Bernese的组成、特点以及使用技巧,通过实例说明了BPE完全可以满足高精度GPS数据自动处理的需要。     

兰州台地磁观测常见故障的判断与排除

在地磁观测中,当绝对观测磁力仪,相对记录磁变仪,辅助设备等发生故障以及观测所得不准或其它问题时,将如何快速判别及排除,作了较详细的叙述。     

哈萨克斯坦MS6．1地震前新疆形变异常

研究2013年1月29日哈萨克斯坦6．1级地震前新疆境内形变资料异常。结果表明：震前乌什水管仪两分量、伸缩仪北南分量、体应变和克孜尔水准、基线存在趋势性转折异常;乌什水管倾斜仪北南分量、体应变、分量式应变与柯坪垂直摆倾斜仪北南分量、拜城地倾斜两分量和库车东风煤矿地倾斜北南分量存在不同程度的中短期异常,趋势异常和中短期异常显著。     

GPS高程转换的神经元网络方法分析

GPS高程转换是GPS高程应用的关键问题之一，试图应用神经元网络方法来进行GPS高程的转换，并在网络的拓扑结构与网络结构的改进等方面作了分析，通过GPS高程转换的二次曲面法和神经元网络法进行了比较试验，结果表明了神经元网络转换GPS高程的可行性和可靠性，对于应用神经网络转换GPS高程具有实际的指导意义。     

小波变换方法在辽宁跨断层形变资料分析中的应用

运用二进小波变换方法,分析了辽宁省跨断层观测资料不同尺度的小波变换的细节信号变换特征。研究结果表明,不同尺度小波变换分解的细节信号显示出不同的时变特征,可以识别和提取原始测值中不易分辨的震前异常。当尺度为3时的细节信号的年周期特征被打破,或者当尺度为3时的细节信号变化超出2倍均方差时,测点周围250km左右范围内发生中强地震的可能性很大。     

Epicenter and magnitude of large earthquake determined from high-rate GPS observations: A case study of the 2008 M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake

For earthquake and tsunami early warning and emergency response,the earthquake epicenter and magnitude should be determined rapidly and correctly.Using high-rate GPS observations,we can readily obtain precise and high resolution displacement time series and the seismic waveforms during the earthquake.In this paper,a new algorithm is proposed for estimating the earthquake epicenter and magnitude with the seismic waveforms derived from high-rate GPS data during the earthquake.A case study of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is conducted from 1 Hz GPS data and the epicenter and magnitude are determined.Compared with the results issued by the China Seismological Bureau,the estimation error of the epicenter and the magnitude is about 12 km and 0.1 magnitude unit,respectively.It has shown that high-rate GPS could be a new tool feasible for estimating the earthquake epicenter and magnitude,independent of or combined with seismometers.     

自动站与人工站观测降雨量的差异对比分析

利用武汉、黄陂、黄石三气象站合计9 a的自动、人工观测(雨量自记纸)同期分钟雨量数据及雨量筒资料,对两种观测方式下的年雨量、月雨量、日雨量偏差程度、暴雨日短历时降水、不同时段的短历时雨量进行了比较。结果发现：自动观测比人工观测(雨量自记纸)雨量偏大,两者的偏差程度主要在±10%之间。自动观测雨量结果与雨量筒更为吻合。3站多年自动、人工观测(雨量自记纸)两套暴雨日短历时(历时5 min)雨量序列高度相关。