台山核电邻近海域春秋季浮游植物群落结构特征

根据2013年4月(春季)和9月(秋季)2个航次调查数据,对台山核电邻近海域浮游植物种类组成、时空分布及多样性指数等群落特征进行了分析。共鉴定浮游植物3门61种,其中硅藻类48种,占78.69%;甲藻类11种,占18.03%;金藻类2种,占3.28%。种类组成以暖水种和广温种为主。浮游植物丰度均值春季(11.78×107个/m3)与秋季(29.37×107个/m3)无明显差异;然而丰度水平变化较大,整体表现为春秋两季核电站温排水口附近站位均低于远离站位。春秋两季浮游植物优势种共出现了7种,春季仅出现了中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum1种,优势度高达0.996;秋季出现了7种,包括中肋骨条藻(0.291)、柔弱拟菱形藻Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima(0.222)、拟弯角毛藻Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus(0.214)和并基角毛藻Chaetoceros decipiens(0.056)等。海域春季Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H′、Pielou均匀度指数J′和Margalef物种丰富度指数D均值分别为0.55、0.18和0.50;秋季分别为2.80、0.62和0.80。多样性指数显示台山核电附近海域水质状态受到了一定程度的污染。     

冬季海南岛五个海湾浮游植物光合色素分布的比较研究

为了研究海南岛周边海湾浮游植物群落分布特征,于2010年12月在海南岛周边5个海湾(海口湾、澄迈湾、洋浦-新英湾、陵水新村湾、三亚大东海)进行生态调查,分析了调查区域表层水的光合色素分布特征、浮游植物群落结构以及环境因素,对浮游植物不同类群的影响。本次调查共检出17种光合色素,岩藻黄素和叶绿素a是含量最高的两种色素,平均值分别达到0.410?g/L和0.278?g/L。CHEMTAX分析表明,调查海湾浮游植物类群主要包括硅藻、甲藻、蓝藻、青绿藻、隐藻等;浮游植物类群以硅藻为主,其次是隐藻与青绿藻。海南岛北部3个海湾(海口湾、澄迈湾、洋浦-新英湾)的硅藻比例低于南部2个海湾(陵水新村湾、三亚大东海),但其隐藻比例高于南部海湾。RDA结果显示,不同门类的浮游植物受环境因子影响的模式不同:定鞭藻、金藻、蓝藻与盐度、温度呈较强正相关,而与硅酸盐呈较强负相关;硅藻与盐度、温度呈较强正相关,与DIN、硅酸盐、磷酸盐呈负相关;甲藻、绿藻与DIN、磷酸盐呈较强正相关并与其他环境因子相关性较小;隐藻、青绿藻与硅酸盐呈较强正相关,与盐度、温度呈极强负相关。     

长江口及其邻近海域叶绿素a分布特征及其与低氧区形成的关系

于2013年3月和8月研究了长江口及其邻近海域叶绿素a的分布特征,并对环境因子和长江冲淡水对浮游植物生物量分布的影响进行了探讨。结果表明,叶绿素a浓度在丰水期较高,平均值为5.18μg/L,最高值达32.05μg/L,现场海水出现变色现象;与同期历史资料对比分析,发现该海域叶绿素a浓度呈现出波动增长趋势。丰水期与枯水期叶绿素a的相对高值区均位于冲淡水的中部,122.5°E~123°E之间;丰水期在调查海域出现溶解氧低值区与低氧区,最低值仅为0.64 mg/L;发现低氧区出现位置北移、面积扩大和溶解氧最低值下降的趋势。底层溶解氧低值区分布与表层叶绿素高值区大致吻合,表明低氧现象与表层浮游植物的生长和现存量密切相关,在跃层存在的水体中表层浮游植物的大量繁殖易造成底层低氧区的出现。     

南海北部浮游植物生物量的研究特点及影响因素

介绍了浮游植物生物量变化的研究方法。综述了南海北部浮游植物生物量在营养盐、光照、季风等理化因子影响下出现的变化特点。该海域生态环境复杂,由富营养的珠江口、沿岸带、北部湾和广阔的陆架及贫营养的开阔海区等不同生态区组成,因此浮游植物群落和生物量有其自身复杂的空间和时间变化特点。     

由粒子吸收光谱提取浮游植物吸收光谱的人工神经网络方法

基于现场实验数据集及人工神经网络技术,论文提出了一种从海中粒子吸收光谱提取浮游植物吸收光谱的方法。这个数据集包含了海中粒子吸收光谱和对应的浮游植物吸收光谱,并被分为三个子集:训练集、印证集和试验集。本研究所利用的人工神经网络系统为多层感知器,训练后的人工神经网络的性能由印证集和试验集来评价。实验结果表明,文中所提出的方法可成功地提取浮游植物的吸收光谱,其提取精度与传统的实验方法相当。     

营养盐硅和水温影响浮游植物的机制

通过研究分析Si和水温对浮游植物生长的变化和其集群结构的改变影响,探讨了硅和水温影响浮游植物生长的变化和其集群结构的改变,本文研究发现,浮游植物生长的变化和其集群结构的改变的过程,营养盐硅和水温影响浮游植物生长变化和其集群结构改变的机制,确定了营养盐硅和水温是海洋生态系统的健康运行的动力。     

日照港和邻近锚地及其入境船舶压舱水中浮游植物群集结构的特征

根据2003年10月到2004年3月间日照港和邻近锚地水域及其船舶压舱水中的浮游植物调查资料,对浮游植物的群集结构和压舱水对其影响进行了初步研究。结果表明,日照港的浮游植物群集主要由温带沿岸性物种组成,以硅藻为主,还有少量的甲藻。对比船舶压舱水中浮游植物群集发现:压舱水中浮游植物群集和本地群集结构有很大的差异,有害物种在压舱水中所占的比例较高。     

泉州湾水域浮游植物群落的昼夜变化

对福建省泉州湾口、大坠岛以北水域的浮游植物群落作了准同步昼夜连续观测,观测时间分别在2001年11月至2002年8月内的秋(11月)、冬(2月)、春(5月)、夏(8月)季大潮期.结果表明,该水域的叶绿素a生物量(以下简称生物量)受湾内高生物量的影响在潮汐作用下出现波动,高潮期出现低生物量,低潮期出现高生物量.靠近内湾的站位生物量大于湾外的站位;底层水体中的生物量普遍大于表层,底栖硅藻成为生物量变化的重要部分.调查海区生物量呈现昼夜节律变化,生物量白天高于夜间.进一步的分析表明,在潮汐和昼夜变化综合作用下,浮游植物的群落结构发生相应变化,白天的多样性指数低于夜间,浮游植物昼夜群落的不相似度很高.群落中一些种类如中肋骨条藻白天大量增殖,出现较高的优势度,昼夜平均密度比值达到9,变化节律明显.研究认为,尽管海区潮汐和流向左右着生物量变化,浮游植物的生态学过程如细胞增殖、再悬浮、扩散等过程在昼夜生物量变化中仍产生较大作用.     

2017年春季季风间期南海中北部浮游植物生长与微型浮游动物摄食

Phytoplankton growth rates and mortality rates were experimentally examined at 21 stations during the 2017 spring intermonsoon(April to early May) in the northern and central South China Sea(SCS) using the dilution technique, with emphasis on a comparison between the northern and central SCS areas which had different environmental factors. There had been higher temperature but lower nutrients and chlorophyll a concentrations in the central SCS than those in the northern SCS. The mean rates of phytoplankton growth(μ_0) and microzooplankton grazing(m) were(0.88±0.33) d~(–1) and(0.55±0.22) d~(–1) in the central SCS, and both higher than those in the northern SCS with the values of μ_0((0.81±0.16) d~(–1)) and m((0.30±0.09) d~(–1)), respectively.Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates were significantly coupled in both areas. The microzooplankton grazing impact(m/μ_0) on phytoplankton was also higher in the central SCS(0.63±0.12) than that in the northern SCS(0.37±0.06). The microzooplankton abundance was significantly correlated with temperature in the surface. Temperature might more effectively promote the microzooplankton grazing rate than phytoplankton growth rate, which might contribute to higher m and m/μ_0 in the central SCS. Compared with temperature, nutrients mainly affected the growth rate of phytoplankton. In the nutrient enrichment treatment,the phytoplankton growth rate(μn) was higher than μ_0 in the central SCS, suggesting phytoplankton growth in the central SCS was nutrient limited. The ratio of μ_0/μn was significantly correlated with nutrients concentrations in the both areas, indicating the limitation of nutrients was related to the concentrations of background nutrients in the study stations.     

2017年春夏季西北太平洋浮游植物的区域差异及其与不同水团的关系

The West Pacific Ocean is considered as the provenance center of global marine life and has the highest species diversity of numerous marine taxa. The phytoplankton, as the primary producer at the base of the food chain,effects on climate change, fish resources as well as the entire ecosystem. However, there are few large-scale surveys covering several currents with different hydrographic characteristics. This study aimed to explore the relationships between the spatio-temporal variation in phytoplankton community structure and different water masses. A total of 630 water samples and 90 net samples of phytoplankton were collected at 45 stations in the Northwest Pacific Ocean(21.0°–42.0°N, 118.0°–156.0°E) during spring and summer 2017. A total of 281 phytoplankton taxa(5 μm) belonging to 61 genera were identified in the study area. The distribution pattern of the phytoplankton community differed significantly both spatially and temporally. The average abundances of phytoplankton in spring and summer were 797.07×10~2 cells/L and 84.94×10~2 cells/L, respectively. Whether in spring or summer, the maximum abundance always appeared in the northern transition region affected by the Oyashio Current, where nutrients were abundant and diatoms dominated the phytoplankton community;whereas the phytoplankton abundance was very low in the oligotrophic Kuroshio region, and the proportion of dinoflagellates in total abundance increased significantly. The horizontal distribution of phytoplankton abundance increased from low to high latitudes, which was consistent with the trend of nutrient distributions, but contrary to that of water temperature and salinity. In the northern area affected by the Oyashio Current, the phytoplankton abundance was mainly concentrated in the upper 30 m of water column, while the maximum abundance often occurred at depths of 50–75 m in the south-central area affected by the Kuroshio Current.Pearson correlation and redundancy analysis(RDA) showed that phytoplankton abundance was significant negatively correlated with temperature and salinity, but positively correlated with nutrient concentration. The phytoplankton community structure was mainly determined by nutrient availability, especially the N:P ratio.