云降水物理和人工影响天气研究进展和思考

云降水物理和人工影响天气密不可分,云降水物理为人工影响天气提供理论基础,人工影响天气是云降水物理一个重要应用领域.目前我国人工影响天气规模、经费投入已达世界之最,人工影响天气工程正在建设之中.论文简要回顾了我国云物理研究和人工影响天气的发展过程,评述研究工作取得的进展,思考我国人工影响天气在新形势下进一步的发展的问题,显得尤为重要.几十年来,我国开展了一系列云雾降水的外场观测研究和人工影响天气的外场试验研究,云和降水物理以及人工影响天气的理论和技术研究不断取得进展,数值云模式和中尺度模式的模拟研究水平有了长足的进步,在云和降水物理过程和降水机制研究、云的微物理结构、云水资源和人工增雨潜力评估、催化条件预测、催化剂和催化技术等方面取得了显著进展.论文最后指出,目前的人工影响天气需要加强人工影响天气核心技术研究,并提出了需要进一步研究的云和降水物理中的有关科学问题.     

深层水泥搅拌法在土体加固中的应用

介绍了在某护岸改造工程利用CDM加固体作为临时挡土墙的施工工艺。结果表明该工艺具有理想的效果,开创了CDM加固护岸坡脚土体的新工艺。     

Behavioural observations of the common octopus Octopus vulgaris in Baía dos Tigres,southern Angola

Observations on the behaviour of the common octopus Octopus vulgaris were made during daytime and night-time sampling on an unexploited rocky reef habitat in Baía dos Tigres, southern Angola. The relative numerical abundance sampled was 0.47 octopus person^–1 h^–1 during the day and 5.33 octopus person^–1 h^–1 during the night, suggesting that the population under study was nocturnal. The activity patterns differed between sizes of octopus. Small octopus (<20 cm total length [TL]) were observed roaming during the night, whereas the large individuals (>20 cm TL) generally fed in their dens. This ontogenetic behavioural shift may be due to tidal constraints or could be a strategy to avoid cannibalism. Octopus inhabiting a shallow, small-boulder substratum made extensive modifications to their habitat, excavating dens of up to 1 m deep in the sand below the boulders. These dens were not visible during the day as the octopus appeared to retract the small boulders over their den entrances. This unique behavioural strategy is thought to be a means to reduce predation and reduce light intensity during the day. Octopus were not observed in the small-boulder habitat during the five hours of daytime sampling. With nocturnal activity and extensive habitat modification, it is likely that avoidance of predation may be an important driver influencing the behaviour of the octopus population under study.     

白鹤滩层间错动带微结构特性及其化学改性初探

白鹤滩水电站层间错动带结构疏松、性状软弱、空间展布范围大、力学强度低,严重影响着地下厂房洞室的稳定性。为了揭示并改良层间错动带的力学特性,首先通过矿物成分分析试验、扫描电镜试验和压汞试验,从微观结构角度对层间错动带的矿物组成特征、颗粒排列规律、孔隙分布规律进行了详细的研究,阐明了层间错动带的微观结构特性及其对灌浆材料选择的影响,进而开展了层间错动带化学溶液浸泡对比试验。试验表明,硅酸钠溶液可以有效改善层间错动带的完整性,明显提高层间错动带的弹性波速、抗压强度、弹性模量和凝聚力。其研究结果对白鹤滩层间错动带的工程加固和改性设计具有一定的借鉴意义。     

四川省人工影响天气业务系统功能

介绍了四川省人工影响天气业务技术系统的组成功能及应用情况。该系统集成度和自动化程度比较高、实时性和实用性强、业务化运行稳定;实现了多种尺度和不同种类信息的实时采集、快速传输和直观显示,具有业务管理、作业预警信息发布、作业决策指挥、作业效果评估结果及时发布等多种功能。该系统的运用,加强了人工影响天气业务的管理,大大的提升了人影业务工作的效率。      

高分散性、粒度高正态分布氢氧化镁的制备研究进展

近年来Mg(OH)2的改性研究受到广泛重视;对水热处理技术和表面改性手段处理Mg(OH)2的研究现状进行概述,并讨论制备超细粉体改性Mg(OH)2的影响因素。     

西安地铁施工诱发地表沉降及对城墙的影响

以西安地铁2号线为背景,利用3种预测公式对实测地表沉降值进行拟合,得到了沉降槽形态参数。利用拟合参数,借鉴“刚度修正法”原理对地铁下穿城墙施工诱发其基础的沉降进行预测,并建立城墙的三维有限元模型,对城墙所能承受的极限变形能力和承载力进行量化分析,分析结果表明：Peck公式能较好地描述地表沉降特征;考虑后期蠕变和固结作用,盾构施工所诱发的城墙基础最大沉降量不得超过20 mm,期望对后期地铁施工引起地表沉降及其对建筑物的响应提供科学参考。     

Evaluation of the response modification coefficient and collapse potential of special concentrically braced frames

Special concentrically braced frames (SCBFs) are commonly used for seismic design of buildings. Their large elastic stiffness and strength efficiently sustains the seismic demands during smaller, more frequent earthquakes. During large, infrequent earthquakes, SCBFs exhibit highly nonlinear behavior due to brace buckling and yielding and the inelastic behavior induced by secondary deformation of the framing system. These response modes reduce the system demands relative to an elastic system without supplemental damping using a response modification coefficient, commonly termed the R factor. More recently, procedures put forth in FEMAP695 have been made to quantify the R factor through a formalized procedure that accounts for collapse potential. The primary objective of the research in this paper was to evaluate the approach for SCBFs. An improved model for SCBFs that permits simulation of brace fracture was used to conduct response history analyses. A series of three‐story, nine‐story and 20‐story SCBFs were designed and evaluated. Initially, the FEMAP695 method was conducted to estimate collapse and the corresponding R factor. An alternate procedure for scaling the multiple acceleration records to the seismic design hazard was also evaluated. The results show significant variation between the two methods. Of the three variations of buildings studied, the largest vulnerability was identified for the three‐story building. To achieve a consistent margin of safety against collapse, a significantly lower R factor is required for the low‐rise SCBFs (three‐story), whereas the mid‐rise and high‐rise SCBFs (nine‐story and 20‐story) may continue to use the current value of 6, as provided in ASCE‐07. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

淮南矿区新集二矿1煤地面排水钻孔的设计施工

新集二矿的主采煤层位于山西组的底部,受到下伏太原组岩溶裂隙含水层的威胁。为缓解井下的防治水压力．采用了在地面施工排水孔的防治水思路。根据钻孔的位置及地层情况,采用了泥浆循环钻进与空气潜孔锤钻进相结合的方法。由于在钻孔施工过程中,发生了泥浆向巷道渗漏的情况,为保证钻孔施工安全及井下生产安全而对钻孔设计深度进行了调整,从而顺利的完成了该孔的钻探施工任务。此孔的成功,可为类似地区施工矿井防治水钻探工程提供借鉴。     

贵州空域自动化批复系统

人工影响天气作业(以下简称“人影作业”)的申请与批复是人影作业实施的重要环节,是一项涉及多行业、多环节,对安全性要求极高的技术工作。目前,空中交通日益繁忙,日航班量达1700余次,全省人影作业高炮及固定火箭达480余门,是20 a前的3~4倍,通过电话、甚高频无线电台进行人影作业空域申请的传统工作方式已无法满足目前人影作业空域申报和管理的要求。为提高人影作业的效率,缩短作业申请与批复信息的传递时耗,开发建成了贵州省空域自动化批复系统,实现了人影作业多点同时申请与批复,解决了电话占线等问题。简化了业务流程,缩短了人影作业申请与批复时间,从以往一个申请过程至少需打8个电话缩短到2个电话,实现了禁射区的自动批复,完成了人影工作由传统型向信息化转变,大大提高了人影作业时效。