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51.
GIS中的应用模型及其管理研究 总被引:47,自引:1,他引:47
本文通过对GIS模型库系统的研究,讨论了GIS应用模型的管理及GIS应用模型发展中的若干问题。 相似文献
52.
本文用1959~1994年6、7、8月全国范围47个5°×5°经纬度网格降水资料分析了夏季降水异常空间模的月际差异,并在此基础上用西太平洋副高指数及青藏高原指数#FKB#FS分析降水异常空间模与环流的关系,为检验环流指数与降水相关场的整体信度,还对8月份降水资料进行了Monte-Carlo检验。结果表明,夏季总降水异常的空间模在每一月份中并非表现得同样清楚,江淮流域与河套及华南的反相关在8月份表现得最清楚。而青藏高原中东部南北两侧的负相关在6月及8月很清楚,7月份次之。8月份西太平洋副高北界异常对江淮流域与河套及华南地区降水异常反相关的产生有很大作用。副高稳定偏北时,河套、华南易涝,江淮易旱。反之亦然。青藏高原指数#FKB#FS与逐月降水的相关分析表明,青藏高原上高压及低涡活动对高原中东部南北两侧负相关的产生有一定作用。当高压活动偏多时,北侧易旱、南侧易涝。并且6月及8月的作用较大,7月较小。另外,8月份副高活动对这一降水异常空间模的产生也有一定影响。 相似文献
53.
陈伯舫 《地震地磁观测与研究》1997,18(2):40-44
用通日月均值减去夜均值计算的月均值资料和Sompi谱分析法分析了14个台站的北向分量1年周期变化的振幅向相位,时段为1984-1988年。分析结果显示用P^0n(dnd=1,…,6)复合模式的估算的C值较合理。各台的C值比较一致。 相似文献
54.
There have been several claims that seismic shear waves respond to changes in stress before earthquakes. The companion paper develops a stress-sensitive model (APE) for the behaviour of low-porosity low-permeability crystalline rocks containing pervasive distributions of fluid-filled intergranular microcracks, and this paper uses APE to model the behaviour before earthquakes. Modelling with APE shows that the microgeometry and statistics of distributions of such fluid-filled microcracks respond almost immediately to changes in stress, and that the behaviour can be monitored by analysing seismic shear-wave splitting. The physical reasons for the coupling between shear-wave splitting and differential stress are discussed.
In this paper, we extend the model by using percolation theory to show that large crack densities are limited at the grain-scale level by the percolation threshold at which interacting crack clusters lead to pronounced increases in rock-matrix permeability. In the simplest formulation, the modelling is dimensionless and almost entirely constrained without free parameters. Nevertheless, APE modelling of the evolution of fluid-saturated rocks under stress reproduces the observed fracture criticality and the narrow range of shear-wave azimuthal anisotropy in crustal rocks. It also reproduces the behaviour of temporal variations in shear-wave splitting observed before and after the 1986, M = 6, North Palm Springs earthquake, Southern California, and several other smaller earthquakes.
The agreement of APE modelling with a wide range of observations confirms that fluid-saturated crystalline rocks are stress-sensitive and respond to changes in stress by critical fluid-rock interactions at the microscale level. This means that the effects of changes in stress and other parameters can be numerically modelled and monitored by appropriate observations of seismic shear waves. 相似文献
In this paper, we extend the model by using percolation theory to show that large crack densities are limited at the grain-scale level by the percolation threshold at which interacting crack clusters lead to pronounced increases in rock-matrix permeability. In the simplest formulation, the modelling is dimensionless and almost entirely constrained without free parameters. Nevertheless, APE modelling of the evolution of fluid-saturated rocks under stress reproduces the observed fracture criticality and the narrow range of shear-wave azimuthal anisotropy in crustal rocks. It also reproduces the behaviour of temporal variations in shear-wave splitting observed before and after the 1986, M = 6, North Palm Springs earthquake, Southern California, and several other smaller earthquakes.
The agreement of APE modelling with a wide range of observations confirms that fluid-saturated crystalline rocks are stress-sensitive and respond to changes in stress by critical fluid-rock interactions at the microscale level. This means that the effects of changes in stress and other parameters can be numerically modelled and monitored by appropriate observations of seismic shear waves. 相似文献
55.
Shear-wave anisotropy: spatial and temporal variations in time delays at Parkfield, Central California 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Shear-wave splitting is analysed on data recorded by the High Resolution Seismic Network (HRSN) at Parkfield on the San Andreas fault, Central California, during the three-year period 1988-1990. Shear-wave polarizations either side of the fault are generally aligned in directions consistent with the regional horizontal maximum compressive stress, at some 70° to the fault strike, whereas at station MM in the immediate fault zone, shear-wave polarizations are aligned approximately parallel to the fault. Normalized time delays at this station are found to be about twice as large as those in the rock mass either side. This suggests that fluid-filled cracks and fractures within the fault zone are elastically or seismically different from those in the surrounding rocks, and that the alignment of fault-parallel shear-wave polarizations are associated with some fault-specific phenomenon.
Temporal variations in time delays between the two split shear-waves before and after a ML = 4 earthquake can be identified at two stations with sufficient data: MM within the fault zone and VC outside the immediate fault zone. Time delays between faster and slower split shear waves increase before the ML = 4 earthquake and decrease near the time of the event. The temporal variations are statistically significant at 68 per cent confidence levels. Earthquake doublets and multiplets also show similar temporal variations, consistent with those predicted by anisotropic poroelasticity theory for stress modifications to the microcrack geometry pervading the rock mass. This study is broadly consistent with the behaviour observed before three other earthquakes, suggesting that the build-up of stress before earthquakes may be monitored and interpreted by the analysis of shear-wave splitting. 相似文献
Temporal variations in time delays between the two split shear-waves before and after a M
56.
Tectonic implications of S-wave anisotropy beneath SE Brazil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
57.
58.
本文利用横向各向同性介质(TIM)中的传播矩阵和面波形成条件,导出了面波波慢度方程。对瑞利波给出了各向同性及横向各向同性弹性介质中其相速度的解析解;对于勒夫波,给出了横向各向同性介质中的波慢度方程。 相似文献
59.
Characteristics of dynamic equilibrium for natural gas migration and accumulation of the gas field in the center of the Ordos Basin 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The gas field in the center of Ordos Basin has been conventionally considered as a large gas pool with thin reservoirs. However,
lots of phenomena contrary to this concept occur in the exploration and production process. It is proposed that the gas field
is composed of many small lithological gas pools, sourced from and reservoired in the same Ordovician formation which is an
underpressured fluid compartment. A dynamic equilibrium moldel of natural gas migration and accumulation has been developed
to illustrate the formation mechanism of these gas pools. 相似文献
60.