城市热岛效应监测方法研究进展

城市热岛效应是一种由于城市建筑及人们活动导致的热量在城区空间范围内聚集的现象,是城市气候最明显的特征之一.由于城市热岛影响因素以及相互关系的复杂性,为了精确细致地描述其时空分布,人们采用了多种方法来研究城市热岛现象,主要归纳为：气象站法、定点观测法、运动样带法、遥感测定法以及模拟预测等.最后,认为各种测定方法都存在一定的缺陷,建议多种测定方法综合运用.     

塔里木盆地北部白垩系卡普沙良群储层特征

白垩系卡普沙良群是塔里木盆地北部重要的油气储集层位之一，包括亚格列木组层、舒善河组和巴西盖组储集层（有称为卡普沙良群中上部储集层）。从储层岩石学、储层物性、储层孔隙结构及储集性控制因素等方面对储层特征进行了系统分析，总结储层的储集特征。研究结果表明，该储层为砂岩储集岩，储层物性及孔隙结构较好，储集性纵横向上分别受沉积韵律与沉积相带展布的控制，同时还受压实作用、溶蚀作用和胶结作用等成岩作用的控制；并认为亚格列木组储集性较好，横向上以跨越阿克库勒－沙雅西的储集砂体为最好，它具有多套砂体叠置发育的特点。     

Simulation of individual particle movement in a gravel streambed

A two‐dimensional simulation model of travel distances of individual particles in a gravel‐bed river is presented. The model is based on a number of rules, which include particle size, entrainment, trajectory, distance of movement and entrapment. Particle interactions are controlled by resistance fields defined about each obstacle and critical elevation defined in the model. Resistance fields, particle dropping and critical elevation rules control particle interactions. The interaction rules cause the particles to develop pebble clusters, stone cells and transverse structures (transverse ribs). The simulated travel distances of individual particles are consistent with reported field results. Individual particle travel distances were simulated using two different models; one without interactions between the individual particles and the stationary bed and one with interactions. The case without interactions demonstrates the random nature of sediment transport, and narrow ranges of travel distances. Wider ranges of travel distances, similar to those for natural situations, were obtained for the cases with interactions. The more intense the interaction between the mobile stones and the stationary ones, the wider the range of distances of travel for a given particle size. Modelling the mean travel distance yielded a result similar to that published previously, which was based on empirical data. Well developed bed‐surface structures were obtained for relatively poorly sorted sediment with intense interactions between particles. Transverse structures developed when relatively large particles were allowed to move. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Mobile Street Food Service Practice in the Urban Economy of Kumba, Cameroon

The mobile food service practice is one of multiple survival strategies adopted by poor urban households in Cameroon to maintain and expand the base of subsistence incomes, especially in the current surge of economic crisis. Though a fast-growing informal sector enterprise, it is still at an artisanal stage in urban Cameroon, creating an urgent need for a supportive policy environment that could have measurable positive impacts on improving the productivity, welfare and income levels of the micro-entrepreneurs. This study looks at the mobile food service practice in Kumba, Cameroon, in terms of its basic characteristics, the locational factors influencing its socio-spatial distribution, the critical success factors (CSFs) determining customer choices, and its impacts on the local environmental resources and quality of urban life. The mobile food service practice creates employment, generates income, and acts as a food energy-support instrument to the urban poor and local economic activities operating in Kumba. The vendors, who are mostly women, can make incomes that are 405 per cent of the national minimum wage and, thus, contribute financially towards the education, health and survival of their families. The paper provides some recommendations on ways to improve the efficiency of this sector so as to achieve sustainable economic and social development and to enhance empowerment thereof.     

论桩基施工中流砂现象处理

地下水流动对土体产生渗透力；当渗透力大于土体的抗剪强度，土体破坏，也就是当施工造成地下水水力坡度超过砂层的临界水力坡度即产生流砂现象．运用水文地质工程地质学方面的原理其处理方法有两类：—是莫尔一库仑法：即c法和φ法；二是临界水力坡度法(Ic法)．     

赣东北金矿矿源岩的区域岩石密度特征及找矿方向

对研究区内金矿岩双桥山群的4336件岩石密度数据的统计分布、空间制图分析。得到岩石密度参数的地质制图，发现双桥山群岩石密度为偏态分布，推测岩石密度的增高可能是变质作用或成矿作用增强的反映，区内主要岩金矿床均分布在密度高异常区内，因此认为高密度异常区或重力正异常区，是区内岩金矿床的找矿远景区。     

ADV measurements of velocity distributions in a gravel‐bed flume

Velocity measurements carried out by an acoustic doppler velocimeter (ADV) in a rectangular laboratory ?ume having a gravel bed are presented. The velocity pro?les are measured in six verticals of the channel cross‐section having an increasing distance (from 4 to 38·5 cm) from the ?ume wall. The experimental runs are carried out for ?ve different bed arrangements, characterized by different concentrations of coarser elements, and for the two conditions of small‐ and large‐scale roughness. For both hydraulic conditions, the velocity measurements are ?rst used to test the applicability of the Dean pro?le and of the logarithmic pro?le corrected by a divergence function proposed in this paper. Then, for each value of the depth sediment ratio h/d₈₄, the non‐dimensional friction factor parameter is calculated by integration of the measured velocity distributions in the different verticals of the cross‐section. Finally a semi‐logarithmic ?ow resistance equation is empirically deduced. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于移动Agent的分布式地理信息查询

提出了基于移动Agent的分布式地理信息查询的新思路，给出了构建基于移动Agent的分布式地理信息查询系统的方法，并利用移动Agent开发平台Aglets开发了一个分布式地理信息查询原型系统，实现了分布式地理信息的透明访问。     

The red bed controversy revisited: shape analysis of Colorado Plateau units suggests long magnetization times

Several Triassic and earliest Jurassic sedimentary units from the Colorado Plateau region have distributions of virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) that are highly elongate along the path of apparent polar wander (APW). This suggests that the remanent magnetizations measured in these units were acquired over an extended period of time, possibly approaching 35 m.y., and are not precisely coeval with the stratigraphic age of the rock. Comparison with other paleomagnetic studies shows that the observed elongation is not a general attribute of the age of the rock, nor is it related to paleolatitude. The rocks that yield elongate VGP distributions are dominantly red to brown mudstones, and it is possible that their remanence is dominated by a slowly acquired chemical remanent magnetization, as suggested by Larson et al. [J. Geophys. Res. 87 (1982) 1081] and other authors. However, several superficially similar units from the Colorado Plateau have nearly circular VGP distributions. The process by which remanence is acquired in clastic sedimentary rocks merits further study.     

甘肃窑街寺湾沟－炭洞沟红层孢粉组合、地质时代与生态环境

对窑街寺湾沟－炭洞沟红层孢粉和地层层序及时代进行了系统分析与对比研究。在该剖面中划分出２个孢粉组合：①双束松粉属－无口器粉属－杉粉属－栎粉属－瘤面海金砂孢属组合，时代为早渐新世；②双束松粉属－拟桦粉属－栎粉属－藜粉属－瘤面海金沙孢属组合，属中渐新世。研究表明：窑街寺湾沟－炭洞沟红层剖面的层位位于朱儿庄剖面之上，整个窑街地区的红层剖面属始新统－中渐新统；窑街地区始新世孢粉组合与中国东、西部地区孢粉组合相似，均发育以亚热带和暖温带植物为主的亚热带型落叶阔叶林，气候炎热；始新世晚期至早渐新世则演变为以暖温带落叶阔叶树种为主的针阔叶混交林植被，气候温暖湿润；中渐新世为暖温带落叶阔叶林，气候较温暖湿润。区域对比分析表明，从渐新世早期中国东、西部植被开始出现差异并逐渐加大，该时期也许是中国新构造运动的一个重要时期。