基于3DEC特厚水平煤层开采地表裂缝分布规律研究

针对我国中西部某矿区的特厚水平煤层综放开采导致的沉降变形、地表裂缝等问题,本文在总结该矿区各工作面地质采矿条件的基础上,结合以往沉陷预计中岩层岩块物理力学参数的选取原则,以摩尔-库伦塑性模型作为计算模型,采用离散元3DEC数值模拟的方法,分析了煤层开采后的地表下沉和水平变形情况。同时,本文结合实地采集的裂缝和塌陷区数据,对开采后上覆岩层垮落情况及裂缝发育情况进行研究,总结出该煤矿水平特厚煤层开采后地表裂缝的分布规律和地表移动变形规律,对该煤矿的生产和开采具有指导意义。     

兼顾志愿者地理信息的国家应急测绘公众服务平台设计

随着互联网技术的进步和新一代网络信息传播模式的深入发展,志愿者地理信息的研究和应用日益广泛,但由于其规范性和均一性方面的缺陷,在应急公共服务领域,志愿者信息的有效利用依旧是亟需突破的难题。本文将重点介绍国家应急测绘公众服务平台设计思路和总体架构,并结合志愿者地理信息特点,探讨该类信息在国家应急测绘公众服务平台建设中的处理流程和应用模式,力求在应急信息资源共享和服务平台共建方面进行新的尝试,为我国突发事件应急体系建设提供有益实践。     

Sentinel-1A SAR影像及其在矿区地面沉降监测中的应用研究

详细介绍了Sentinel-1A SAR影像数据的基本参数、工作模式、应用领域等。利用2016.11.09—2017.03.09的5景Sentinel-1A C波段SAR影像数据进行矿区地面沉降监测试验。基于SARscape利用双轨D-In SAR技术进行差分干涉处理,得到了研究区地面沉降分布图,直观地再现了研究区在2016.11.09—2017.03.09的沉降分布、沉降量级等。结果表明济宁某矿区在监测期间地面相对稳定,未有大面积和大量级的地面沉降发生,4个干涉对监测到的最大沉降都未超过3 cm。     

Spatial-temporal characterization of the San Andreas Fault by fault-zone trapped waves at seismic experiment site,Parkfield, California

In this article, we review our previous research for spatial and temporal characterizations of the San Andreas Fault (SAF) at Parkfield, using the fault-zone trapped wave (FZTW) since the middle 1980s. Parkfield, California has been taken as a scientific seismic experimental site in the USA since the 1970s, and the SAF is the target fault to investigate earthquake physics and forecasting. More than ten types of field experiments (including seismic, geophysical, geochemical, geodetic and so on) have been carried out at this experimental site since then. In the fall of 2003, a pair of scientific wells were drilled at the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) site; the main-hole (MH) passed a ～200-m-wide low-velocity zone (LVZ) with highly fractured rocks of the SAF at a depth of ～3.2 km below the wellhead on the ground level (Hickman et al., 2005; Zoback, 2007; Lockner et al., 2011). Borehole seismographs were installed in the SAFOD MH in 2004, which were located within the LVZ of the fault at ～3-km depth to probe the internal structure and physical properties of the SAF. On September 282004, a M6 earthquake occurred ～15 km southeast of the town of Parkfield. The data recorded in the field experiments before and after the 2004 M6 earthquake provided a unique opportunity to monitor the co-mainshock damage and post-seismic heal of the SAF associated with this strong earthquake. This retrospective review of the results from a sequence of our previous experiments at the Parkfield SAF, California, will be valuable for other researchers who are carrying out seismic experiments at the active faults to develop the community seismic wave velocity models, the fault models and the earthquake forecasting models in global seismogenic regions.     

Migration and speciation transformation mechanisms of mercury in undercurrent zones of the Tongguan gold mining area,Shaanxi Loess Plateau and impact on the environment

In order to study the migration and transformation mechanism of Hg content and occurrence form in subsurface flow zone of gold mining area in Loess Plateau and its influence on water environment, the field in-situ infiltration test and laboratory test were carried out in three typical sections of river-side loess, alluvial and proluvial strata in Tongguan gold mining area of Shaanxi Province, and the following results were obtained: (1) The source of Hg in subsurface flow zone is mainly caused by mineral processing activities; (2) the subsurface flow zone in the study area is in alkaline environment, and the residual state, iron and manganese oxidation state, strong organic state and humic acid state of mercury in loess are equally divided in dry and oxidizing environment; mercury in river alluvial or diluvial strata is mainly concentrated in silt, tailings and clayey silt soil layer, and mercury has certain stability, and the form of mercury in loess is easier to transform than the other two media; (3) under the flooding condition, most of mercury is trapped in the silt layer in the undercurrent zone where the sand and silt layers alternate with each other and the river water and groundwater are disjointed, and the migration capacity of mercury is far less than that of loess layer and alluvial layer with close hydraulic connection; (4) infiltration at the flood level accelerates the migration of pollutants to the ground; (5) the soil in the undercurrent zone is overloaded and has seriously exceeded the standard. Although the groundwater monitoring results are safe this time, relevant enterprises or departments should continue to pay attention to improving the gold extraction process, especially vigorously rectify the small workshops for illegal gold extraction and the substandard discharge of the three wastes, and intensify efforts to solve the geological environmental problems of mines left over from history. At present, the occurrence form of mercury in the undercurrent zone is relatively stable, but the water and soil layers have been polluted. The risk of disjointed groundwater pollution can not be ignored while giving priority to the treatment of loess and river alluvial landform areas with close hydraulic links. The research results will provide a scientific basis for water conservancy departments to groundwater prevention and control in water-deficient areas of the Loess Plateau.     

基于不完备模态信息的海洋平台损伤诊断研究

首先利用测量自由度正则化损伤指标向量得到损伤的大致区域;其次,在选定的区域内分别采用序列二次规划算法和最小二乘法来诊断损伤构件及其损伤程度,并对其结果进行了比较。数值模拟表明,仅需少量低阶模态和部分测量自由度,上述损伤诊断算法便可完成海洋平台的损伤诊断。     

长周期地震动衰减关系研究的迫切性

通过对长周期震害及长周期地震动研究的历史进行回顾指出,目前,大多数反应谱的周期还不够长,反应谱所反映的谱形与距离、震级和场地条件的关系还很有限,长周期地震动的研究仍需要不断完善,未来的长周期地震动的研究应注重软土场地的大震远场效应。     

1992～2005年云南地震灾害及其对农村民居的影响

统计了1992～2005年中国大陆与云南境内破坏性地震灾害、人员伤亡和经济损失情况。对云南与中国大陆同期地震灾害及其损失进行了对比,阐述了云南地震灾害和灾害损失的特点;统计了云南地震灾害城乡分布情况、农村民居破坏面积以及因农居的地震破坏而造成的人员伤亡和经济损失,分析了地震灾害对农村和农民的危害性,并讨论了农居破坏带来的社会问题。     

岷县-卓尼5.0级地震的基本特征和地质背景研究

归纳总结了岷县-卓尼5．0级地震的基本参数、烈度分布、建筑物震害、发震构造等基本特征,并分析了该地震烈度偏高和震害较重的基本原因。该次地震与2003年11月13日岷县Ms5．2地震基本特征相同,发震构造也相同,为临潭-宕昌断裂带。     

基于时空聚类的出租车载客热点区域挖掘研究

针对出租车运营过程缺少路径优化指导造成运营能力分布不均、空载率高的问题,本文以成都市安装有GPS设备的出租车所采集的轨迹数据为研究对象,以提高出租车效益为目标,采用了一种基于网格的出租车载客热点聚类算法,通过对出租车GPS轨迹数据进行处理和聚类分析,充分挖掘出租车载客热点区域,从而为出租车的运营者和管理者提供信息决策服务。