冀南綦村岩体斑状黑云母角闪闪长岩的成因矿物学研究

綦村岩体是冀南邯邢地区典型的中生代高镁闪长岩杂岩体,主要由斑状黑云母角闪闪长岩、角闪闪长岩、闪长岩、二长岩和少量辉长岩组成。对綦村斑状黑云母角闪闪长岩进行了较为详细的成因矿物学研究,探讨了其成因及其地质意义。研究发现,綦村斑状黑云母角闪闪长岩中的角闪石多为镁铝钙闪石和镁角闪石;黑云母主要为富镁黑云母;斜长石发育环带结构,核部以中长石和拉长石为主,边部多为更长石。角闪石矿物温压计估算结果显示,角闪石斑晶的形成温度为930~970 ℃,压力介于300~340 MPa之间,深度10~15 km,氧逸度为ΔNNO+0.1~+2.3,平衡熔融体中的水含量4.8%~5.5%;与黑云母平衡的角闪石形成温度为684~760 ℃,压力降低至42~61 MPa,熔体中水含量降至3.1%~4.3%,氧逸度为ΔNNO+0.7~+2.4。黑云母温度计和氧逸度计获得的结果与角闪石温压计估算结果一致。该结果表明,研究区高氧逸度的铁镁质岩浆在中地壳曾经驻留,并发生了以角闪石为主的结晶分异,富含挥发分的分异岩浆在后期快速侵位形成高镁闪长岩和矽卡岩型铁矿。     

我国传压介质材料--叶蜡石矿物的基本特征

通过赵家台叶蜡石各种特征的研究，发现我国使用的传压介质材料不是纯的叶蜡石矿物，化学成分具有SiO2低、Al2O3高的特点；叶蜡石矿物与杂质矿物热膨胀系数绝缘程度应相近，并呈交织结构。     

Anatomically preserved plants in siderite concretions in the shale split of the Foord Seam: mineralogy, geochemistry, genesis (Upper Carboniferous, Canada)

A shale split in the well-studied Foord Seam (Upper Carboniferous), Stellarton Basin, Nova Scotia, provides a rare opportunity to study little known siderite concretions with anatomically preserved plants from a limnic basin. Siderite concretions occur throughout the split, commonly as sheet-like, inter-connected lepidodendrid logs, or less frequently as spherical masses; they are typically vuggy. A sample of 14 stratigraphically oriented concretions in the split shows that primary siderite varies from 45% to 80% (wt.%) due to selective replacement by 5% to 40% ferroan dolomite or ankerite in plant tissues. These two minerals show large Mg/Fe and Mg/Ca variability and are Fezoned. Clay content ranges from trace to 20%, and quartz from 5% to 10%. Partial cell-wall destruction by erosion and changeable oxic/anoxic conditions, prior to siderite permineralization, resulted in preservation mainly of the more resistant plant tissues. On average, carbon from siderite is isotopically heavier (+4.8±1.9 0/00) than that from ‘dolomite' (−7.2±1.1 0/00). The distribution of and the positive correlation between δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O probably reflects the two fractionation processes associated with methanogenesis and ‘dolomitization', respectively, in the genetic history of the siderite concretions in the split. Siderite concretions formed diagenetically early from bicarbonate under reducing conditions in a slightly alkaline freshwater environment that precluded calcite deposition.     

Late quaternary glacial stades in the Cordillera Central,Colombia, based on glacial geomorphology,tephra–soil stratigraphy,palynology, and radiocarbon dating

Using data from glacial geomorphology, tephra–soil stratigraphy and mineralogy, palynology, and radiocarbon dating, a sequence of glacial and bioclimatic stades and interstades has been identified for the last ca. 50000 yr in the Ruiz-Tolima massif, Cordillera Central, Colombia. Six Pleistocene cold stades separated by warmer interstades occurred: before 48000, between 48000 and 33000, between 28000 and 21000, from ≥16000 to ca. 14000, ca. 13000–12400, and ca. 11000–10000 yr BP. Although these radiocarbon ages are minimum-limiting ages obtained from tephra layers on top of tills, the tills are not significantly older because most are bracketed by dated tephra sets in measured stratigraphic sections. Two minor moraine stages likely reflect glacier standstill during cold intervals ca. 7400 yr BP and slightly earlier. Finally, glaciers readvanced between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. In contrast to the ice-clad volcanoes of the massif, ca. 34 km² in area above an altitude of ca. 4800 m, the ice cover expanded to 1200 km² during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and was still 800 km² during Late-glacial time (LGT). Glacier reconstructions based on the moraines suggest depression of the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) by ca. 1100 m during the LGM and 500–600 m during LGT relative to the modern ELA, which lies at ca. 5100 m in the Cordillera Central. Glaciers in this region apparently reached their greatest extent when the climate was cold and wet, e.g. during stades corresponding to Oxygen Isotope Stage 3; glaciers were still expanding during the LGM ca. 28000–21000 yr BP, but they shrank considerably after 21000 yr BP because of greatly reduced precipitation. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

东海钙质生物骨屑的矿物学特征

通过电镜、电子探针和X射线等项分析,对东海沉积物中的有孔虫、腹足类、双壳类、苔藓、珊瑚、海胆等骨屑进行了矿物学研究,确定了矿物成分与生物属种的关系,并基于有孔虫壳体化学成分将壳体分为均质壳和异质壳,生物碳酸盐中镁主要富集在方解石及镁方解石中,锶在方解石和镁方解石中的分配系数(D)相似,为0.11—0.14;在文石质骨屑中D=1.09-1.20。碳氧同位素组成与生物属种有明显关系。据一些有孔虫壳体氧同位素偏差值计算的水温来看,本次测定的有孔虫属种的骨屑不能作为理想的骨屑温度计。     

SCI收录的矿物学类核心期刊介绍

以表格的形式汇总介绍了SCI收录的20种矿物学类目核心期刊的刊名、国际标准刊号（ISSN）、出版地和最新影响因子,并详细介绍了这20种期刊的出版周期、出版者、联系地址、最新期刊网址及期刊描述等全方位的期刊信息。期刊描述内容包括：期刊的创刊年以及期刊的发展,期刊刊载的主要内容,网站可免费获取的该刊目次和文摘及全文信息等,以便为相应学科的科研工作者提供参考。     

红赐堡—黄土窑一带孔兹岩系中石榴石的演化史及其地质意义

红赐堡—黄土窑一带早前寒武纪孔兹岩系经历一期麻粒岩相变质作用，并可划分四个变质阶段。各阶段石榴石的分布、形态、矿物组合、化学成分及其成因条件均存在明显差异。通过成因矿物学的系统研究，结合多种地质温压计的估算结果及变质反应实验资料，确定本区孔兹岩系石榴石的结晶生长演化史及变晶变形序列。     

Characteristics and implication of clay minerals in the northern and southern parts of the Chelung-pu fault, Taiwan

In this study, we report the characteristics of clay minerals present in the Chelung-pu fault in Taiwan. In the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, different slip motions were recorded along the Chelung-pu fault in the northern and southern parts of the fault. The characteristics of clay minerals present in the fault zones can be attributed to the differences in motion. We analyzed the shallow drill core samples obtained from the northern and southern sites penetrating the fault. The clay minerals identified in most of the samples from both the sites are smectite, illite, and chlorite. There are illite–smectite mixed layers with a high illite content and no chlorite–smectite mixed layer. In some samples, no smectite is detected. We also examined the iron content and symmetry of iron and magnesium in the silicate and hydroxide layers in chlorite. At the northern site, the total iron content in chlorite of gouge is larger than that of the host rocks. On the other hand, at the southern site, the total iron content varies widely. It is hypothesized that the smectite consumption and differences in the characteristics of chlorite may be controlled by the differences in the lithology, fluid chemistry, fluid temperature, or fault activities (heating or breakage) between the northern and southern sites.     

乳腺炎症及增生症病灶中钙化的矿物学研究

选取9例乳腺炎症、7例乳腺增生的钙化样品,利用光学显微镜(OM)、环境扫描电镜(ESEM)、微区X射线衍射(μ-XRD)等矿物学分析方法对样品进行了原位形貌观察、分离后结构及成分的测试分析,探讨了病灶中钙化的矿物学特征及其组成成分和形成机制。研究结果表明,发生在炎症病灶中的钙化主要类型是脂肪坏死后的钙化,其发生和死亡的脂肪细胞和周围病变后期修复性Ⅲ型胶原有直接关系。增生症中的钙化主要有发生在扩张的导管内和在束状深度交联胶原中的坏死型钙化,扩张的导管边缘处Ⅳ型胶原和大片变性Ⅲ型胶原为钙化提供了成核位点,继而参与无机矿物的形成过程,最后形成较为致密的钙化。乳腺炎症和增生症中的钙化的主要成分均为碳羟磷灰石。     

湖南宝山铅锌矿西部矿带银的工艺矿物学研究

湖南宝山铅锌矿西部矿区为中低温热液裂隙充填交代型铅锌银矿床。本文对该矿带银的工艺矿物学进行系统研究,利用多种现代分析技术手段,查明矿石中银的主要矿物种类、赋存状态和工艺特征。化学分析结果确定矿石中银的平均品位为156.6×10^-6;地质小样化学分析统计显示银含量在空间上呈现上部高、下部低,平面上北西和南西部较北东和南东高的特征;白云岩型、砂岩型、灰岩型、角砾岩型矿石的银平均含量分别为595.78×10^-6、247.97×10^-6、195.83×10^-6、169.73×10^-6,白云岩型矿石的银含量最高,角砾岩矿石的银含量最低;银与方铅矿关系密切,银和铅二者的含量总体表现出良好的趋同性,据此可预测高品位的铅矿石的银含量高。对光片进行显微镜下鉴定、扫描电镜以及电子探针分析,确定矿区的金属矿物主要是方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿和黄铁矿,初步查明矿石中的银矿物主要是银黝铜矿,其次是含银砷黝铜矿和含银方铅矿;该矿床银的存在形式主要有两种:一种是以独立矿物——银黝铜矿形式存在,这部分银含量为10.179%~13.579%,银的平均含量为12.061%;另一种是赋存于方铅矿中,这部分银含量为0.011%~0.127%,银的平均含量为0.069%。经银的物相分析、单矿物银含量分析和平衡配分计算,揭示银黝铜矿虽然含有较高品位的银,但因矿物含量较少,银的平衡配分低;方铅矿的银含量不高,但由于矿物含量高,平衡配分率达到84.78%,因此成为银的主要载体矿物。筛析实验也发现银与铅有较好的趋同性,进一步印证了银的主要载体矿物是方铅矿,并且银在细粒级中含量偏高。本研究提出,在选矿过程中要提高银的回收率,应重视细粒级中主金属元素铅、锌的回收。