核址地脉动测试与分析研究

较深入的探讨了地脉动脉测试的方法技术和仪器设备,并分析研究了地脉动测试在确定核址场地卓越周期、脉动幅值等动力特征中应注意的问题。     

微动勘查方法及其研究进展

本文简要回顾了微动的发展历史,并着重介绍了微动勘查方法的原理、方法及其最新进展,当今,城市物探中传统的地球物理勘探方法越来越受到限制,微动勘查方法以施工简单、成本低、费时短、对环境没有任何影响等优点,越发显现出其优势,由于横波速度对煤层陷落柱、采空区等速度异常区反映敏感,微动方法对探测陷落柱及解决村庄覆盖区的煤层构造问题,具有得天独厚的技术优势和应用前景.     

工程场地条件评定中的地脉动研究

为了研究开发更经济，更简便的场地动务特性探测方法，本文简要地回顾了工程场地条件评定中地脉动研究的演进，概述了地脉动观测技术的发展，循着地脉动分析方法的演进历程，叙述了谱和谱比分析方法，利用地脉动频散曲线反演场地速度构造的研究，讨论了各种分析方法的依据和适用条件，指出了目前存在的问题，并探讨了可能的改进途径。     

基于SPAC法探测松科二井深层地热储水构造

微动探测技术作为一种获取地下地层速度结构和探测隐伏断裂构造的方法, 具有无须人工源、勘测过程便捷、抗干扰能力强的优势, 在城市、村庄浅层勘探中很受青睐。为进一步探索松辽盆地北部深层地热资源潜力, 在黑龙江省安达市南部松科二井及周边, 布设了一条微动探测剖面, 以获取该区嫩江组至坳陷层底部登娄库组地层的横波速度结构。基于空间自相关法(SPAC)从微动信号的垂直分量中提取S波频散曲线, 通过内插、光滑与反演计算, 获得了一条长9 km、探测深度达到地下4000 m的二维S波速度结构剖面。探测结果表明: 研究区地下S波速度总体呈现西高东低的趋势, 在松科二井西侧100 m、东侧2300 m、东侧3700 m处, 深度1400~2800 m范围内存在三个明显的低速异常带, 推测这些位置很可能存在断层或隐伏断裂构造。结合地层分层资料, 在该深度范围内以泉头组和登娄库组为主, 岩性多为砂岩和泥岩互层, 是良好的水热储层。本研究探索了基于空间自相关法的微动探测在识别深层地热储水构造的适用性, 为松辽盆地北部清洁能源调查指明方向。     

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S-wave velocity structures of sediments estimated from array microtremor records and site responses in the near-fault region of the 1999 Chi-Chi,Taiwan earthquake

The 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake, M_W = 7.6, caused severe damage in the near-fault region of the earthquake. In order to evaluate site effects in the near-field strong motions we estimate S-wave velocity structures of sediments at four sites using array records of microtremors. We also recalculated S-wave velocity structures at other four sites previously reported. To show the validity of the estimated S-wave velocity structures we separate empirical site responses from aftershock records using the generalized inversion method and show the agreement between empirical and theoretical site responses. We also show an observed fact that suggests soil nonlinearity during the Chi-Chi earthquake by comparing horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVRs) for main shock records with HVRs for aftershock records. Then we calculate one-dimensional equivalent-linear site responses using the estimated S-wave velocity structures and the main shock records observed on the surface. It is found that site amplification due to thick (about 6 km) sediments is one of the important factors for explaining the long-period velocity pulses of about 5 to 10 sec observed at sites in the footwall during the Chi-Chi earthquake. It is also found that the theoretical site responses of shallow soft sediments at sites that sustained severe damage in the hanging wall shows significant amplification around 1 sec. As the amplitude of velocity pulses with period around 1 sec is most critical in causing damage to ordinary buildings of moderate heights, our results suggest that the 1-sec period velocity pulses, amplified by the site response of shallow sediments should contribute to the severe damage during the Chi-Chi earthquake.     

Empirical site response evaluations: case studies in Israel

A closed-loop, time-efficient technique for site effect evaluation for seismic microzonation in urban areas is developed and implemented. It includes the following successive steps: microtremor measurements using a triangular array of three-component seismometers; estimation of the Nakamura horizontal-vertical spectral ratio, calculation of Rayleigh wave dispersion using the Aki spatial correlation method; inversion of the dispersion curve to determine a shear wave velocity model of the shallow subsurface; analytical computation of Rayleigh wave spectral ellipticity and 1-D SH transfer function for this model; and a comparison of empirical and analytical ratios and correction of the model if required. The technique has been tested at several locations in a number of towns near the active Jordan Rift valley. A reasonable agreement is obtained when comparing empirical spectral ratios and analytical transfer functions.     

基于SPAC法勘探武汉市江夏区地下岩溶结构

采用微动台阵方法探测武汉地铁27号线江谭段地下岩溶情况。通过空间自相关法（SPAC）提取瑞利波相速度频散曲线,进而反演各观测台阵的视S波速度结构,并插值完成测线二维视S波速度剖面。结果表明,目标区内地层按视S波速度自上而下可分为4层,其中在第3层存在明显的低速区,推测发育岩溶结构,且规模较大。对比工程钻探结果,SPAC法得到的地层分层、岩溶规模与实际情况基本吻合。     

城市微动高阶面波在浅层勘探中的应用：以苏州河地区为例

频率-贝塞尔变换方法(Frequency-Bessel Transform method,简称F-J方法)是一种分析微动信号的新方法,由于该方法采用频率矢量波数变换处理水平层状各向同性弹性模型中时空平稳随机分布的微动信号,所以从理论上可以提取出清晰的瑞利波基阶和高阶模态频散曲线,但是目前还没有相关的野外实验对此进行研究和应用.本文首先采用该方法对上海市苏州河地区采集的城市微动信号进行处理获得了频率-相速度谱,然后提取了多模态瑞利波频散曲线,最后通过粒子群算法对频散曲线进行联合反演,得到了浅地表0~70 m深度范围的S波速度结构,并且利用钻孔数据对反演的速度结构进行了验证.另外,本文还通过对比F-J方法和传统的SPAC(SPatial AutoCorrelation method)方法分别提取的频散曲线,展示了F-J方法在处理城市微动信号方面的优势.本文研究结果表明:(1)F-J方法可以从少量台站(21个台站)短时记录(1小时)的微动信号垂直分量中提取出清晰的基阶和高阶模态瑞利波频散曲线;(2)F-J方法提取的高阶模态频散曲线比传统SPAC方法提取的更加清晰,高频部分(>13 Hz)优势更为明显;(3)联合基阶和高阶模态频散曲线反演的浅地表速度结构更加精确,可以分辨出第四系沉积层中物性相差较小的速度界面和低速异常,在城市浅地表精细结构成像方面具有较好的应用前景.     

岷县—漳县6.6级地震极震区场地覆盖层厚度探测及三维地形模型建立

2013年7月22日岷县漳县MS6.6地震的震后科学考察发现,极震区局部场地覆盖层厚度和地形条件对地震动有明显放大效应。利用伺服速度地震仪对此次地震极震区场地进行高密度地脉动观测,获得该区不同场地的卓越频率,运用频谱分析法得到该区场地覆盖层厚度分布。基于在该区进行的无人机航飞遥测,获取地形地貌数据,通过制作表层和基岩层DEM数据,由Rhino进一步处理生成地形模型,实现真实地形在通用有限元软件中的三维模型的建立。