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11.
油气化探中甲烷碳同位素应用、存在问题与对策研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
阐述了在地表油气化探实践当中甲烷碳同位素对地表土壤烃气成因判别的有效性,但有时也会遇到判断错误的情况。通过对应用实例的分析,指出因忽略了土壤中异常甲烷是一种混合成因甲烷,从而导致判断失误。为全面解决这一问题,提出了同时选送数量相当的背景土壤样品和异常样品进行甲烷同位素测定,然后通过教学方法计算出真实反映来源于油气藏中的甲烷的碳同位素值的对策方案。 相似文献
12.
运用烃类勘察地球化学方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地南部彬县大佛寺井田钻遇中休罗统煤层的耽钻孔,进行了垂向剖面多指标的综合地球化学研究。结果表明:剖面中所有岩样中的烃类物质均为热解烃生成初期演化阶段的煤成烃产物,具明显的同一性;由煤层至地表黄土,所有岩样中的烃类呈明显的、规律性垂直向上运移。这证实地下煤层烃类在近地表具有很好的地球化学信息显示,利用勘察地球化学方法找煤/煤层气是可行的。 相似文献
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Prosenjit Ghosh S. K. Bhattacharya Ashok Sahni R. K. Kar D. M. Mohabey K. Ambwani 《Cretaceous Research》2003,24(6):743-750
A single locality of the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Lameta Formation at Pisdura in Central India has yielded a large number of coprolites attributed to titanosaurian dinosaurs. Internally the coprolites are dark grey and contain abundant plant tissues and other organic materials. The plant tissues are mostly of gymnospermous origin. In addition, remains of bacterial colonies, fungal spores and algae are seen in the macerated fraction under scanning electron microscope. The dark grey appearance is probably attributable to fine-grained organic matter within voids in tracheids or xylem. The average 13C/12C ratio of the organic matter in the coprolites is -24‰ (relative to PDB) suggesting that plants of C3type were the main diet of their producers. A comparison of δ15N value (about 4‰ w.r.t. air) of the coprolites with that of faecal matter of modern herbivores and carnivores suggests that gut fermentation may not have been an active mechanism in the digestion process of titanosaurs. 相似文献
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从淮南谢—矿五层煤(C_(13)、B_(11b)、B_(10)、B_(4b)和A_3)中精选出镜煤、壳质暗煤、惰性暗煤及构造煤,采用重量法,分别测定它们的甲烷吸附量,从而研究不同成分组成的煤其甲烷吸附性能。 相似文献
15.
于心科 《中国地球化学学报》1997,16(2):189-192
The atmospheric concentration of methane is steadily increasin.Lacking of precise estimates of source and sink strengths for the atmospheric methane severely limits the current understanding of the global methane cycle.Agood budget of atmospheric methane can enhance our understanding of the global carbon cycle and global climate change,The known estimates of the main source and sink strengths are gresented in this paper,In terms of carbon isotopic studies,it is evidenced that the earth‘s primodial methane,which was trapped in the earth during its formation,may be another source of methane,with extensive,earth‘s degassing which is calleld the “breathing“ process of the earth and played an important role in the formation of the promitive atmosphere,large amounts of methane were carried from the deep interior to the surface and then found its way into the atmosphere. 相似文献
16.
Summary The gas permeability of a coalbed, unlike that of conventional gas reservoirs, is influenced during gas production not only by the simultaneous changes in effective stress and gas slippage, but also by the volumetric strain of the coal matrix that is associated with gas desorption. A technique for conducting laboratory experiments to separate these effects and estimate their individual contribution is presented in this paper. The results show that for a pressure decrease from 6.2 to 0.7 MPa, the total permeability of the coal sample increased by more than 17 times. A factor of 12 is due to the volumetric strain effect, and a factor of 5 due to the gas slippage effect. Changes in permeability and porosity with gas depletion were also estimated using the measured volumetric strain and the matchstick reservoir model geometry for flow of gas in coalbeds. The resulting variations were compared with results obtained experimentally. Furthermore, the results show that when gas pressure is above 1.7 MPa, the effect of volumetric strain due to matrix shrinkage dominates. As gas pressure falls below 1.7 MPa, both the gas slippage and matrix shrinkage effects play important roles in influencing the permeability. Finally, the change in permeability associated with matrix shrinkage was found to be linearly proportional to the volumetric strain. Since volumetric strain is linearly proportional to the amount of gas desorbed, the change in permeability is a linear function of the amount of desorbing gas. 相似文献
17.
Ralph Lehmann 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2004,47(1):45-78
When the output of a complex chemical model is analysed, a typical topic isthe determination of pathways, i.e., reaction sequences, that produce ordestroy a chemical species of interest.A representative example is the investigation of catalytic ozone destruction cycles in the stratosphere.An algorithm for the automatic determination of pathways in any given reactionsystem is presented. Under the assumption that reaction rates are known, it finds all significant pathways, i.e., all pathways with a rate above a prescribed threshold.The algorithm forms pathways step by step, starting from single reactions.The chemical species in the system are consecutively considered as `branching points'.For every branching-point species, each pathway producing it is connected witheach pathway consuming it.Rates proportional to `branching probabilities' are calculated.Pathways with a rate that is smaller than a prescribed threshold arediscarded.If a newly formed pathway contains sub-pathways, e.g., null cycles, it is split into these simpler pathways.In order to demonstrate the performance of the algorithm, it has been applied to the determination of catalytic ozone destruction cycles and methaneoxidation pathways in the stratosphere. 相似文献
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The main purpose of this study is to model the δ13C values of methane derived from coal by combining kinetic-simulating experiment with the gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrum (GC-IRMS) analysis. The stable carbon isotopic variation of methane in pyrolysates with heating temperature indicates that the assumptions for both a constant kinetic isotope effect (α) and a uniform initial isotopic composition (δ13Co) are impractical for explaining the carbon isotopic fractionation during coalification. For purposes of simplification, two approaches are used in this paper to deal with the heterogeneity of terrestrial organic matter. One is that, assuming a uniform initial isotopic composition (i.e., δ13Ci, o=δ13Co) for all methane-generating precursors in coal, the isotopic variation of methane is fitted by adjusting ΔEa, i (Ea13C, i−Ea12C, i) for each hypothetical reaction. The other is that, assuming a constant kinetic isotope effect during the whole gas formation, that is all ΔEa, i values are identical, the modeling of methane isotopic composition is achieved by changing the 13CH4 generation potential of each reaction (fi, 13C), namely, by adjusting the initial δ13C value (δ13Ci, o) for each methane-generating precursor. Results of the kinetic calculation shows that the two simulating methods can yield a similar result at a geological heating rate of 2 °C/My, which further demonstrates that those natural gases with methane δ13C value being approximately −36‰ are possibly sourced from the upper Triassic coal measure strata in the Northwestern Sichuan Basin. 相似文献