辽宁省城市人居环境系统耦合协调度时空格局演变及驱动力研究

人居环境系统内部的耦合协调是保证人居环境均衡发展的基础。基于“人类-居住-支撑-自然-社会”5个子系统,构建人居环境系统耦合协调发展评价指标体系,将2个系统间的容量耦合模型扩展运用到人居环境5个子系统中,综合熵值法、GIS空间分析以及地理探测器对辽宁省2005~2016年人居环境系统耦合协调度的时空演化特征与驱动力进行探讨,阐述人居环境系统内部协调性。研究表明:①2005~2016年辽宁省人居环境系统内部的耦合度与耦合协调度整体呈缓慢浮动上升趋势;②辽宁省人居环境耦合协调度呈分散格局,并且呈现从中间向两侧递减的“屋脊”式格局和“双核结构”;东西方向上,空间演变趋势由倒U型逐渐向一字型演变,南北方向上由斜线型向“L”型演变。③全省出现了中耦合低协调区、中耦合过渡协调区、高耦合低协调区、高耦合过渡协调区、高耦合高协调区5种类型区。④空间分异驱动力主要包括人的需求、经济发展、住房、互联网发展等。     

天山两侧山前新生代构造变形特征及其成因刍议

摘要：天山两侧山前新生代构造变形强烈,是研究盆山耦合动力学机制的理想场所。文中在综合分析前人资料基础上,结合作者的野外观测和分析,综述了天山两侧盆山转换部位不同段的新生代构造变形特征,并进行对比分析。结果显示,新生代构造变形在天山南北山前相似性和差异性共存:变形由山体向盆地扩展,时间逐渐变新;但是南侧比北侧变形起始时间早,地壳缩短量和缩短率大。在东西方向上新生代构造变形也存在明显的分段相似性特征,整体上显示出斜方对称的变形图像:东天山博格达山前为基底式逆冲推覆,南侧为走滑变形;中天山南北两侧为多排子的褶皱 逆冲推覆构造,西天山南侧也为基底式的逆冲推覆,北侧为走滑变形。综合前人研究,认为印度和亚洲大陆的碰撞及其随后陆陆汇聚作用的远程效应,是形成天山两侧山前新生代构造变形在南北方向上相似性和差异性的主要原因;而天山山体内部先存的相对刚性地块和大型断裂,则导致了新生代构造变形的东西向分段差异性和斜方对称的特征。     

土地利用生态服务价值与经济发展的协调及空间分异——以西洞庭湖区为例

土地利用生态服务价值体现了土地通过集约利用与空间优化所发挥生态效益的大小,可在一定程度上反映土地利用与与经济发展的协调关系。以西洞庭湖区为研究对象,在ArcGIS软件支持下,通过评价与分析生态服务价值变化,分析生态经济协调发展水平及其空间差异,探讨土地利用生态服务价值与区域经济发展的互动响应与耦合协调关系。研究表明：① 2000年以来西洞庭湖区土地利用生态服务价值呈下降趋势,2000年西洞庭湖区生态服务价值为1292.13×10⁶元·a^-1,2011年为953.03×10⁶元·a^-1,损失339.10×10⁶元。② 从整个研究区来看,整个研究阶段处于低度冲突的县有6个,分别为常德市辖区、安乡县、汉寿县、澧县、临澧县、津市市,只有桃源县处于潜在危机状态。从数量上看,整个区域内大多为冲突状态,区域在经济发展中存在的潜在危机较大。③ 从空间分异来看,2008年与2011年土地利用生态经济协调度基本上为低度冲突状态,需采取生态服务供给恢复与重建措施,控制生态服务消费需求的过快增长。整个区域只有桃源县与汉寿县由不协调转换为协调状态,主要原因是森林覆盖率相对较高,林地类型面积大,水土保持与水源涵养生态服务功能较强,提高了生态服务价值。     

中国北方晚中生代陆相盆地红-黑岩系耦合产出对砂岩型铀矿成矿环境的制约

为研究中国北方陆相盆地红层-黑色岩系对砂岩型铀成矿的制约,文章研究了国内外红-黑岩系与砂岩型铀矿赋存岩层的时空关系,筛选了10万余m岩心钻探资料,选择准噶尔、鄂尔多斯和松辽盆地这3个典型产铀盆地,通过编制盆地钻孔柱状图、典型地区连井剖面图及关键岩层的地球化学测试等方法,对红-黑岩系和砂岩型铀矿的赋存岩层进行了垂向、横向上综合分析与对比。研究发现:北方陆相盆地自西向东铀矿赋存地层的时代由中侏罗世过渡到晚白垩世;晚中生代至少存在6次大规模的富氧红层沉积事件:Ⅰ中侏罗世—晚侏罗世早期(BathonianOxfordian),Ⅱ早白垩世早中期(Berriasian-Barremian),Ⅲ早白垩世中期(Barremian),Ⅳ晚白垩世早期(Cenomanian),Ⅴ晚白垩世中期(Coniacian)和Ⅵ晚白垩世晚期(Campanian)。其中第Ⅰ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ期红层之下沉积了时代相近的黑色层,与之构成"红-黑岩系"的沉积结构,是北方砂岩型铀成矿的3个重要层位。典型盆地内地球化学表明,红层与黑色层的B、Sr和Cu元素含量及Fe~(2+)/Fe~(3+)、B/Ga、Sr/Cu和FeO/MnO比值具有明显的差异,结合黑色岩层中草莓状黄铁矿、碳屑、油斑和红层中碳酸盐岩的发育,认为红层为相对较强氧化环境,黑色层为相对较还原环境。连井剖面资料显示红层、黑色层与砂岩型铀矿空间关系密切,铀矿多产于红层与黑色层之间过渡带上,呈板状矿体赋存于灰色、绿灰色砂岩和细砂岩中。一般红层与黑色层垂向距离超过500 m不利于成矿。晚中生代陆相盆地内耦合产出的黑色岩系和红色岩系是古沉积环境由还原向氧化转变形成的垂向分带,前者为铀矿物质沉淀提供了"障",后者为表生流体溶解铀矿提供了"场"。文章初步提出了红-黑岩系垂向环境变化制约着北方陆相盆地砂岩型铀大规模成矿作用的新认识。这些认识不仅对砂岩型铀矿成矿环境、成矿规律及成矿模式研究具有重要意义,更对目前正在开展的砂岩型铀矿勘查工作具有实践指导意义。     

Spatial energy efficiency patterns and the coupling relationship with industrial structure:A study on Liaoning Province,China

Using a sample of 14 prefecture-level cities in Liaoning Province, this study first explored the spatial hierarchy and structural characteristics of energy efficiency from the following three viewpoints: energy technical efficiency based on data envelopment analysis, energy consumption per unit of GDP, and energy utilization efficiency combining the previous two indexes. After measuring and analyzing the advancement, rationality, and concentration of the industrial structure in each city, we made some generalizations about the coupling features of the energy efficiency and industrial structure in Liaoning, using the coupling degree rating model. Some of our conclusions are as follows: (1) The 14 cities differ significantly in their energy efficiency, with Shenyang, Dalian, Anshan, and Jinzhou enjoying the highest energy efficiency. Northwestern Liaoning and other heavy-industrial cities such as Fushun and Benxi belong to low-efficiency and high-consumption areas. (2) In areas with higher efficiency, the spatial patterns of the energy technical efficiency, energy consumption per unit of GDP, and energy utilization efficiency are, respectively, "π"-,"Ⅱ"- and "H"- shaped. Geographically, the energy utilization efficiency shows different trends from east to west and from north to south. Factors such as the binuclear structure of economic development have a major effect on this spatial pattern of energy efficiency. (3) Southeastern Liaoning enjoys a highly advanced industrial structure. Areas with a highly rational industrial structure form an “H” shape, with Shenyang and Dalian at the two poles. The urban agglomerations in middle and southern Liaoning have a highly concentrated industrial structure. (4) Overall, the coupling between energy efficiency and industrial structure is low in Liaoning, except for Shenyang and Dalian at both ends, where the coupling between an advanced industrial structure and energy efficiency is higher than in other cities.     

图形化的地学耦合建模环境与原型系统设计

耦合建模是近年来地学研究使用的重要方法.建模框架是应用较多的一类地学耦合建模环境.由于要求研究者完成耦合模型的程序编码,在一定程度上降低了它的可用性,同时也带给使用者更多的负担.本文以建模框架ESMF作为基础,对构建完全图形化的地学耦合建模环境中的问题和解决方法进行探讨.主要包括:根据确定的耦合模式及其隐含的模型调用和...     

基于三维流-固耦合模型的油井出砂细观机制研究

油井出砂机制的研究是提高油藏产能和石油开采成本减小的关键课题,而常规的宏观力学理论和方法不能全面反映油藏开采过程中油井出砂的发生和发展。鉴于砂岩储层的物理性质和射孔试验特征,从岩土力学的角度建立基于柱坐标系的三维颗粒流数值模型,与理论分析成果进行比较,以说明该细观数值模型可行性,有效地模拟出砂过程中的渗流及流-固耦合效应。在该基础上,综合考虑流体压力梯度力和拖曳力,基于PFC3D模型模拟流体不同运动时的砂岩性态。数值分析得到的模型宏观应力图形说明流体运动对砂岩力学特性的影响不可忽略,且在相同条件下,流量越大,砂岩的塑性区越大,形成砂岩破坏出砂的几率也越大。同时,不同工况的砂岩黏结分布和颗粒转动图形表明,相同条件下流量越大,颗粒间平行黏结破坏越多,颗粒转动越大,失去黏结约束的颗粒也越多,出砂量就越大,可见两种细观特征图形与宏观应力图形变化规律一致,该模型可用于油井出砂机制的研究,可为出砂量预测及出砂控制提供新的研究思路。     

Generation of oceanic internal gravity waves by a cyclonic surface stress disturbance

Atmospheric cyclones with strong winds significantly impact ocean circulation, regional sea surface temperature, and deep water formation across the global oceans. Thus they are expected to play a key role in a variety of energy transport mechanisms. Even though wind-generated internal gravity waves are thought to contribute significantly to the energy balance of the deep ocean, their excitation mechanisms are only partly understood.The present study investigates the generation of internal gravity waves during a geostrophic adjustment process in a Boussinesq model with axisymmetric geometry. The atmospheric disturbance is set by an idealized pulse of cyclonic wind stress with a Rankine vortex structure. Strength, radius and duration of the forcing are varied. The effect upon wave generation of stratification with variable mixed-layer depth is also examined.Results indicate that internal gravity waves are generated after approximately one inertial period. The outward radial energy flux is dominated by waves having structure close to vertical mode-1 and with frequency close to the inertial frequency. Less energetic higher mode waves are observed to be generated close to the sea floor underneath the storm. The total radiated energy corresponds to approximately 0.02% of the wind input. Deeper mixed-layer conditions as well as weaker stratification reduce this fraction.The low energy transfer rates suggest that other processes that drive vertical motion like surface heat fluxes, turbulent motion, mixed region collapse and storm translation are essential for significant energy extraction by internal gravity waves to occur.     

B-polarization induction in two thin half-sheets coupled to the mantle by a conducting crust—II. Solution by the mode-matching method, the fields above the conductors, and example results

The mode-matching method is used to obtain an exact analytical solution to the problem of B -polarization induction in two adjacent thin half-sheets, lying on a conducting layer that is terminated by a perfect conductor at finite depth. These components of the model represent, respectively, the Earth's conducting surface layers, crust, and mantle. In dimensionless variables, the model has three independent parameters, these being the two thin-sheet conductances and the layer thickness. The mode-matching solution obtained in this paper is shown to be identical lo that derived via the Wiener-Hopf method in a companion paper (Dawson 1996), and so provides additional verification of that solution. As was shown in the companion paper, the solution for the present model contains, as special limiting cases, those for three models considered earlier by various authors. The second part of the present paper addresses the solutions for the electric fields in the non-conducting half-space above the conductors, which represents the atmosphere. In the final part, sample numerical calculations are presented to illustrate the solution.     

Shear Alteration, Mass Transfer and Gold Mineralization: An Example from Jiaodong Ore Deposit Concentrating Area, Shandong, China

Since Ramsay and Graham (1970 ) system atically deliv-ered study results of ductile shear zone,the study on shearzone has been put forward rapidly and has obtained greatachievements.After the“gold- bearing shear zone” type ofmetallogenic model proposed by Bonnemaison(1986 ) ,lots ofstudies showed that large gold- bearing shear zone system,which underwent multi- stage and multi- level tectonic- m inerl-ization evolution,is a complex deformational metam orphic ge-ological body with different d…