Mapping Globalisation

As a form of restructuring with new winners and losers, globalisation begets resistance, and these processes occur in particular places that have distinctive features. A map of globalisation may be drawn by showing the spaces of resistance, many of which are found at the local level, sometimes with transnational links involving formal or informal networks. To do so, one must first assess the variety of meanings that have been assigned to the concepts of globalisation and resistance. Noting shades of meaning from the natural sciences, medicine, history, philosophy, law, and feminist and other branches of social theory, this paper argues that different frames may be used in conjunction with one another to help explain Southeast Asia's diverse encounters with globalisation. The frames show that resistance is not merely a negation of the jarring effects of globalisation, but also a matter of imagining, in a non-utopian manner, something better. Remapping globalisation is a quest for an appropriate temporal and spatial scale of social organisation.     

Remote sensing and GIS-based regional geomorphological mapping—a tool for land use planning in developing countries

Land use planning and necessary supporting data are crucial to developing countries that are usually under severe environmental and demographic strains. Approaches and methods to map the variability of natural resources are important tools to properly guide spatial planning. In this paper, we describe a method to quickly map terrain at reconnaissance (1:250,000) and semi-detailed (1:50,000) levels. This method can be utilized as a basis for further land evaluation and land use planning in large territories. The approach was tested in the state of Michoacan, central-western Mexico, currently undergoing rapid deforestation and subsequent land degradation.Results at the reconnaissance level describe the geographic distribution of major landforms and dominant land cover, and provide a synoptic inventory of natural resources. Results at the semi-detailed level indicate how to nest individual landforms to major units and how they can be used to run procedures for land evaluation. If combined with appropriate socioeconomic data, governmental guidelines for land use planning can be formulated on the basis of reconnaissance and semi-detailed terrain analysis.     

Automated mapping of land components from digital elevation data

An algorithm for automating the mapping of land components from digital elevation data is described. Land components are areas of relatively uniform slope and aspect and often correspond with ridge crests, shoulders, head slopes, back slopes or foot slopes. Aspect regions, which generally span from stream to ridge, are first identified by generalizing an aspect map derived from digital elevation data. The aspect regions are then split successively into land components by grouping pixels above or below an automatically determined contour of elevation or ‘distance from stream’. The contour approximates a slope break. The land components mapped in this way give a complete polygonization of a hilly landscape and are a reasonable approximation of manually mapped land components.     

离散气候系统中的周期与混沌

从零维气候模式导出了一个非线性映象公式，对由该公式表征的气候系统的平衡态和稳定域进行了研究。通过迭代计算揭露海洋热贮存C对气候系统的调控作用。计算结果表明，存在一个控制气候系统行为的很窄的C值敏感区；当C值大于敏感区上界时，气候系统趋向平衡态，即现代气候；当C值小于敏感区下界时，系统失稳。在敏感区内则呈现出周期与混沌行为，且随着C的增加，勾画出通过周期倍分岔通向混沌的道路。     

神经网络BP模型用于月降水预报的研究

采用神经网络ＢＰ型三层映射模式，以南京１９４６－１９８５年４０年月雨量为基础序列，确定三层模式的形式。通过不断调整权重系数，作出１９８６年１－１２月的月雨量长期预报，又用同样方法但改用前一个月的实测值报后一个月的月雨量作出１９８６年各月的月雨址预报。平均绝对误差分别为６．０７ｍｍ和５．７３ｍｍ。对１９９４年６、７、８、９月月雨量以４个不同的起始值进行神经网络预测，都得到１９９４年夏季南京特旱的结果，与实测结果相同。     

电子手簿的数据存储与文件管理系统设计

提出电子手簿的存储数据方案和一种切实可行的文件管理机制。对方案实施中的有关文件目录表、分配链表的建立、内存单元的动态分配以及混合编程等技术问题进行了详细的阐述。     

非线性多含水层地下水越流系统水资源优化管理模型研究

提出了非线性多含水层地下水越流系统水资源管理的方法。内容包括非线性系统水资源管理的基本理论、算法原理、程序软件设计和理论检验，并把这一方法应用到唐山市以防治岩溶地面塌陷为目的的水资源管理中。     

Adjusting stream-sediment geochemical maps in the Austrian Bohemian Massif by analysis of variance

The Austrian portion of the Bohemian Massif is a Precambrian terrane composed mostly of highly metamorphosed rocks intruded by a series of granitoids that are petrographically similar. Rocks are exposed poorly and the subtle variations in rock type are difficult to map in the field. A detailed geochemical survey of stream sediments in this region has been conducted and included as part of the Geochemischer Atlas der Republik Österreich,and the variations in stream sediment composition may help refine the geological interpretation. In an earlier study, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied to the stream-sediment data in order to minimize unwanted sampling variation and emphasize relationships between stream sediments and rock types in sample catchment areas. The estimated coefficients were used successfully to correct for the sampling effects throughout most of the region, but also introduced an overcorrection in some areas that seems to result from consistent but subtle differences in composition of specific rock types. By expanding the model to include an additional factor reflecting the presence of a major tectonic unit, the Rohrbach block, the overcorrection is removed. This iterative process simultaneously refines both the geochemical map by removing extraneous variation and the geological map by suggesting a more detailed classification of rock types.     

山高水长路漫漫——纪念丁文江先生

丁文江先生是我国近代地质学的奠基人之一，也是中国地质学会的主要创始人之一。他在地质学的诸多领域都开展了卓有成效的工作，组建了我国最早的地质调查和科研机构，立德树人，培养了第一代地质学家，主导了前中央研究院的重大机构改革，为地质甚至科学事业在中国的落地生根起到了决定性的作用。同时他也积极参与到当时的社会和政治活动中，践行自己报效国家的理念。他是在我国开展系统性区域地质调查的第一人，开启了中国人系统地质填图的先河，先后填制了诸多不同比例尺的地质图，为后世我国构造地质界奠定了研究传统。他填图的区域从克拉通到造山带，从弱变形区到强变形带，填制的地质图也从简单到复杂，从关注地层到构造内容的逐步增加，不仅体现了一个地质学家野外填图经验和技术的逐步成熟，也体现了我国构造地质学逐渐从地层学中独立出来的过程。这个过程与国际上构造地质作为一个独立的专业从地层学中分离出来的阶段一致。因此丁文江先生不仅仅是我国地质学的奠基人之一，更是我国构造地质学的开山宗师。丁文江先生始终怀揣科学救国的信念，将自己的一生融入到科学救国、传播科学思想的过程中，将自己的科研活动与当时的国家建设联系，积极参与多项铁路选址、矿产调查与开发以及生态环境变迁等工作，这永远值得我们学习。他为中国地质学乃至科学发展做出的贡献永载史册。     

Using historical source data to understand urban flood risk: a socio-hydrological modelling application at Gregório Creek,Brazil

ABSTRACT

The city of São Carlos, state of São Paulo, Brazil, has a historical coexistence between society and floods. Unplanned urbanization in this area is a representative feature of how Brazilian cities have developed, undermining the impact of natural hazards. The Gregório Creek catchment is an enigma of complex dynamics concerning the relationship between humans and water in Brazilian cities. Our hypothesis is that social memory of floods can improve future resilience. In this paper we analyse flood risk dynamics in a small urban catchment, identify the impacts of social memory on building resilience and propose measures to reduce the risk of floods. We applied a socio-hydrological model using data collected from newspapers from 1940 to 2018. The model was able to elucidate human–water processes in the catchment and the historical source data proved to be a useful tool to fill gaps in the data in small urban basins.