变速成图方法及应用研究

研究了地震速度和变速成图传统方法中影响成图精度的主要因素 ,指出了传统方法中造成误差较大、准确性较低的原因。从解决传统方法中存在的问题入手 ,提出了相应的速度场建立和变速成图方法 :通过提高叠加速度分辨率 ,利用模型层析法或模型反演法实现叠加速度到层速度的转换 ,建立空间速度场 ,速度校正和时深转换。实际资料应用表明 ,该方法提高了速度场建立和变速成图精度 ,解决了山前高陡构造以及低幅度构造地区的变速成图问题。     

荷兰海洋区测的组织与管理

全面介绍了荷兰地调局的组织设置与荷兰海洋区测工作的管理，分别就区测项目的设计、区测工作的组织与实施、区测工作的质量控制以及区测成果的表达和用户管理等几个方面进行了阐述，总结了荷兰区测工作组织与管理的基本经验。     

加拿大海洋-海岸带地质调查与"海底资源填图计划"

简要介绍了加拿大海洋－海岸带地质调查的推动力和基本经验，以及即将启动的“海底资源填图计划”（SeaMap)。加拿大海洋－海岸带地质调查强调多波束测深技术的应用、多学科的协作和数据库建设，SeaMap将对整个加拿大专署经济区进行综合填图。     

A Continuous Mapping of Tidal Current Structures in the Kanmon Strait

Tidal current structures at the Hayatomono-Seto of the Kanmon Strait are mapped continuously during March 17 to 20, 2003, including a spring tide, by the eight coastal acoustic tomography (CAT) systems distributed on both the sides of the strait. Detailed structures of strong tidal currents and their associated vortices are well reconstructed by the inverse analysis of travel-time difference data obtained from the reciprocal sound transmission between the paired CAT systems located at both sides of the strait mainly. The results are well compared to the shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data at the correlation rate of 0.84/0.82 and the RMS difference of 0.47/0.48 ms⁻¹ for the east-west/north-south current after the selection of good data. During the observation period, the maximum hourly mean volume transport for the upper 7 m layer across the strait reached 13,314 m³ s⁻¹ for the eastward and 5,547 m³ s⁻¹ for the westward. The daily mean transport is directed to the eastward and estimated 1,470 m³ s⁻¹ and 2,140 m³ s⁻¹ for March 18 and 19, respectively, when a spring tide occurs.     

Use of openly available occurrence data to generate biodiversity maps within the South African EEZ

Biodiversity maps are an important component of ecosystem-based management and conservation. In the past, biodiversity maps were largely generated using patchy occurrence data from a range of data sources. Currently, substantial species occurrence data are readily available for large parts of the world and are accessible programmatically. Considering both the observed and expected changes in species distributions, and hence biodiversity, in response to present and future climate change, it is important to utilise readily available species occurrence databases to generate temporal and spatial biodiversity maps. In this study biodiversity maps were generated for three generic functional groups within the exclusive economic zone of South Africa: zooplankton, fishes and benthos. This was achieved by stacking individual species-distribution maps. Freely available occurrence data from the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) were accessed for this purpose. Ensemble species-distribution modelling, employing five widely used statistical methods, was used to generate species-distribution maps for each functional group. The resulting spatial patterns of biodiversity for the three functional groups were largely in agreement with known patterns. The results of this study highlight the value of open-source occurrence and environmental data to generate biodiversity maps that can potentially be used in future spatial prioritisation or planning for management of marine areas and in environmental-change studies.     

一种考虑滞后影响的井水位气压改正的新方法

本文给出一种用褶积滤波处理井水位对气压响应滞后的新方法,考虑了气压对井水位“记忆”影响的特点,对水位的气压改正采用了非线性的处理方法。用新方法对鲁03井进行气压改正后的平均中误差为0.65cm,而用一般相关方法则为1.96cm。最后讨论了褶积滤波积分区间长度与水井含水层系统性质的关系。含水层的导水系数越小,井孔截面积越大,则这个区间越长。     

Remote sensing and GIS analyses of the Strangways impact structure,Northern Territory

Remote sensing and GIS techniques play a substantial role for the identification of possible terrestrial impact structures, for mapping target-rock lithologies and deciphering the structural style of known craters. In this case study the lithological and structural characteristics of the highly eroded Proterozoic Strangways impact crater in the Northern Territory have been analysed on the basis of Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper satellite imagery, topographical data and airborne geophysical data. Regarding Landsat data, the calculation of basic statistical parameters and the optimum index factor has been found useful for a pre-selection of informative band combinations. By means of the analysis of multisensoral data, the distribution of crystalline basement rocks, siliciclastic target rocks of the Roper Group as well as post-impact deposits and deeper seated Proterozoic dykes can be detected. The original crater dimensions of the Strangways structure are carefully estimated at 26?–?29 km by combining the remote sensing data with the distribution of shatter cones localised in the field. The remote sensing/GIS approach of a geological interpretation based on multisensoral sources and combined fieldwork data can be successfully applied to other impact structures on earth, as well.     

中国人居环境研究的总体特征及其知识图谱可视化分析

基于CNKI、CSCD文献搜索引擎，以及文献计量可视化工具，采用传统文献研究与知识图谱相结合的方法，对1992—2017年中国人居环境研究的总体特征与知识图谱进行了定量识别和全景式展现。结果发现：1）近25年来，中国人居环境研究发文数量显著增长，《建筑学报》《城市规划》《城市发展研究》等期刊是学者的主要科研阵地；2）研究的优势机构和团队主要集中在中国科学院地理与资源研究所，以及辽宁师范大学、清华大学等其他建筑、规划类和师范类院校；3）研究经费多元化趋势明显，国家级基金是最主要的来源。4）在研究热点方面，人居环境、居住环境、宜居城市、人类环境、可持续发展、居住空间等是学者长期重点关注的热点词汇。5）在研究主题与知识基础方面，相关研究内容广泛，主题尚不集中，城市人居环境、宜居城市、居住环境、农村人居环境、自然适宜性、居住生活满意度、人居环境科学、人口发展是受到关注较多的8个热点主题，其知识基础建立在31篇经典文献之上。6）在具体演进轨迹方面，相关研究的知识结构呈连续发展且彼此联系紧密的态势，发展脉络较为清晰，并具有较强的问题导向性和政策导向性；社会经济发展的阶段性和动态性，问题或政策的学科发展导向，以及学者间的合作交流、学科间的交叉融合、技术方法的革新与应用等是其演进的主要驱动力。     

基于MicroStation环境的图形编辑系统的开发

研究了利用MicroStation95开发图形编辑系统、定制用户界面和自动建立地形图符号库的方法和技术。介绍了具体操作中的一些经验和技巧。