准噶尔盆地阜东斜坡头屯河组二段沉积微相及主控因素

准噶尔盆地阜东斜坡头屯河组是重要的油气勘探目的层。基于岩心、测井及地震等资料,探究研究区的沉积特征及其展布规律,对该区今后油气滚动勘探有重要意义。研究表明:研究区目的层岩性以泥岩、粉砂岩及细砂岩组合为主,总体表现出“泥包砂”的特点;其中砂岩成分成熟度低,具有近物源特征;粒度概率累计曲线主要为跳跃悬浮式,水动力类型为牵引流;测井曲线可分为钟形、箱形和线形3类。综合岩性、粒度、测井及地震反射特征等明确了研究区主要发育曲流河沉积,可识别出曲流河道、点坝、泛滥平原和废弃河道4种沉积微相。研究区沉积物源来自东北方向,曲流河展布特征主要受地形坡度、物源远近及粒度特征影响。曲流河由北东向南西延伸,且西南部的河道弯曲度有增大的特征,河道逐渐呈现网状分布特征,点坝砂体也更加发育;同时,西北部也出现了连片分布的曲流河沉积。因此,后续油气勘探优质储层的找寻应重点考虑西北部与西南部的点坝砂体。     

吐鲁番坳陷西山窑组富煤的河流沉积与储集层的成岩作用研究

吐鲁番坳陷西山窑组（J₂x）发育一套含煤的陆相沉积地层,本文根据钻井资料进行研究后认为这套地层属于曲流河沉积,并进一步划分出河道沙坝和漫滩沼泽等沉积类型。煤层形成于漫滩沼泽沉积环境。曲流河道砂体是主要的油气储集体。位于坳陷东南区的曲流带河道砂岩复合体是储集砂岩最发育的地区。储集砂岩类型主要为矿物成熟度较低的岩屑砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩。坳陷东南区复合体河道砂岩以长石岩屑砂岩为主,而坳陷北区河道砂岩以岩屑砂岩为主。西山窑组储集层主要的成岩作用为压实作用、胶结作用和溶解作用。坳陷东南区复合体砂岩典型的成岩作用为溶解作用,溶解作用导致砂岩形成以溶蚀孔隙为主的孔隙空间。坳陷北区河道砂岩典型的成岩作用为压实作用,压实作用导致砂岩储集层的物性很差。     

基于分频融合地震属性的曲流带预测与点坝识别:以渤海湾盆地埕岛油田馆陶组为例*

埕岛油田馆陶组发育典型的高弯度曲流河沉积。通过分频融合地震属性提取与优选、储层构型模式指导、动态响应特征约束等手段,对研究区海上稀井网条件下曲流带和点坝进行精细刻画。研究表明: (1)分频融合地震属性的储层预测方法提高了曲流带的预测精度,振幅类属性与砂体厚度相关性最好,以最大峰值振幅为最佳,相比原始地震属性,分频融合得到的最大峰值振幅属性更好地刻画了曲流带砂体边界与砂体厚度分布;(2)复合正韵律、砂体厚度大、紧邻废弃河道分布为点坝三大重要识别标志,与此相对应,点坝表现为高最大峰值振幅、高反演属性的地震响应特征,而废弃河道呈弯月状低振幅属性、“顶平底凸”的低反演属性特征;(3)在应用地震属性确定点坝位置的基础上,通过经验公式推算点坝跨度,可认知研究区点坝的规模,有效指导地下点坝识别,动态信息的约束也为点坝识别提供了依据。井震结合的曲流带及点坝识别方法可为相似油田构型分析提供借鉴。     

西北地区侏罗系的三角洲沉积

西北地区侏罗广泛发育扇三角洲,辫状河三角洲和曲流河三角洲相沉积,其中扇三角洲与陡倾的盆地边缘有关,盆地的沉降速率大于沉积率,沉积层序为加积型,并以沉积物重力流和无河道片流区同搬运的沉积短斩泄荷为特征,辫状河三角洲与不很陡的盆地边缘梯度有关,其沉积速率大于盆地的沉降速率,沉积层序为进积型,并以河道径流广泛发育为特征,曲流河三角洲与缓坡陷型构造边界有关,并具有以河流作用为主,湖泊作用的辅的特征,３种三     

饶阳凹陷大王庄地区古近系东营组三段沉积微相研究

针对大王庄地区沉积相类型判定结论不一致的问题,以区域构造演化为基础,利用钻井数据、沉积构造标志、测井数据等地质资料,探讨了东营组三段(Ed3)沉积时期周边潜山、洼槽对大王庄地区物源方向、沉积相类型的控制作用,建立了东三段沉积模式.研究结果表明,东三段沉积时期,沉降中心位于研究区东北部,主要接受西南深泽低凸起的物源沉积.东营组沉积期间,随着断陷的抬升,湖盆面积迅速缩小,地形逐渐平坦,沉积相不断延伸,大王庄地区东三段发育曲流河相.沉积相的精细研究为储层预测提供了依据.     

Overbank deposition along the concave side of the Red River meanders,Manitoba, and its geomorphic significance

Slow earth sliding is pervasive along the concave side of Red River meanders that impinge on Lake Agassiz glaciolacustrine deposits. These failures form elongated, low‐angled (c. 6 to 10°) landslide zones along the valleysides. Silty overbank deposits that accumulated during the 1999 spring freshet extend continuously along the landslide zones over hundreds of metres and aggraded the lower slopes over a distance 50 to 80 m from the channel margin. The aggradation is not obviously related to meander curvature or location within a meander. Along seven slope profiles surveyed in 1999 near Letellier, Manitoba, the deposits locally are up to 21 cm thick and generally thin with increasing distance from, and height above, the river. Local deposit thickness relates to distance from the channel, duration of inundation of the landslide surface, mesotopography, and variations in vegetation cover. Immediately adjacent to the river, accumulated overbank deposits are up to 4 m thick. The 1999 overbank deposits also were present along the moderately sloped (c. 23 to 27°) concave banks eroding into the floodplain, but the deposits are thinner (locally up to c. 7 cm thick) and cover a narrower area (10 to 30 m wide) than the deposits within the landslide zones. Concave overbank deposition is part of a sediment reworking process that consists of overbank aggradation on the landslide zones, subsequent gradual downslope displacement from earth sliding, and eventually reworking by the river at the toe of the landslide. The presence of the deposits dampens the outward migration of the meanders and contributes to a low rate of contemporary lateral channel migration. Concave overbank sedimentation occurs along most Red River meanders between at least Emerson and St. Adolphe, Manitoba. © Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada.     

FLUID EXCHANGE ACROSS THE EQUATORIAL FRONT

In this paper, the cusp-shaped wave pattern (Legeckis wave) along the Equatorial Front (EF) is modeled by a meandering jet, and the motion of fluid parcels in a two-dimensional kine-matic model of the meandering jet along EF is studied using Melnikov‘s method. Results indicated that the velocity field of the cusp-shaped wave pattern can indeed be modeled by a meandering jet; that the EF will act as a barrier to fluid exchange if there is no variability, but that it is just the variability that moves the buoy across the EF.     

冯地坑-洪德地区延长组长6沉积相特征研究

结合整个鄂尔多斯盆地的构造及沉积演化特征,对鄂尔多斯盆地冯地坑-洪德地区上三叠统延长组长6油层组沉积相类型和特征进行分析,建立长6油层组沉积模式,对其岩石类型、砂岩的岩石结构、沉积构造、古生物及测井相等相标志进行详细研究。研究表明,冯地坑-洪德地区长6沉积时期发育着一套曲流河三角洲沉积体系,曲流河三角洲发育三角洲前缘和三角洲平原2种亚相;三角洲平原沉积砂体以细砂和粉砂为主,最粗可达到中砂级,其中可见到分支河道微相,陆上天然堤微相及沼泽微相。三角洲前缘砂体以细砂-粉砂为主,发育有水下分支河道、水下天然堤、支流间湾、河口砂坝和前缘席状砂5种微相。     

Three‐dimensional flow structure and patterns of bed shear stress in an evolving compound meander bend

Compound meander bends with multiple lobes of maximum curvature are common in actively evolving lowland rivers. Interaction among spatial patterns of mean flow, turbulence, bed morphology, bank failures and channel migration in compound bends is poorly understood. In this paper, acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements of the three‐dimensional (3D) flow velocities in a compound bend are examined to evaluate the influence of channel curvature and hydrologic variability on the structure of flow within the bend. Flow structure at various flow stages is related to changes in bed morphology over the study timeframe. Increases in local curvature within the upstream lobe of the bend reduce outer bank velocities at morphologically significant flows, creating a region that protects the bank from high momentum flow and high bed shear stresses. The dimensionless radius of curvature in the upstream lobe is one‐third less than that of the downstream lobe, with average bank erosion rates less than half of the erosion rates for the downstream lobe. Higher bank erosion rates within the downstream lobe correspond to the shift in a core of high velocity and bed shear stresses toward the outer bank as flow moves through the two lobes. These erosion patterns provide a mechanism for continued migration of the downstream lobe in the near future. Bed material size distributions within the bend correspond to spatial patterns of bed shear stress magnitudes, indicating that bed material sorting within the bend is governed by bed shear stress. Results suggest that patterns of flow, sediment entrainment, and planform evolution in compound meander bends are more complex than in simple meander bends. Moreover, interactions among local influences on the flow, such as woody debris, local topographic steering, and locally high curvature, tend to cause compound bends to evolve toward increasing planform complexity over time rather than stable configurations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部山2段物源与曲流河三角洲沉积体系

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部山2段是该盆地重要的天然气富集层位。通过重矿物分布、岩屑组分、砂岩岩屑类型及阴极发光特征分析山2段沉积物源体系,经研究认为盆地东南部山2段沉积同时受南、北部物源供源。山2段为曲流河三角洲前缘沉积亚相,碎屑颗粒分选中等偏好、磨圆较好、颗粒之间接触紧密,沉积构造主要为板、槽状交错层理、平行层理及浪成交错层理。本区山2段沉积物以跳跃组分和悬浮组分为主,水下分流河道微相粒度概率曲线呈现三段式和四段式;河口坝微相分选较好、粒度概率曲线形态为两段式和三段式。研究区北部、南部及中部志丹、甘泉等地区砂体发育较厚,剖面上河道砂体呈不对称式相互叠置,水动力条件中等-较强。通过物源体系重建、沉积特征分析与薄片特征鉴定,建立了鄂尔多斯盆地东南部山2段双物源曲流河三角洲沉积模式。该研究明确了盆地东南部山2段物源方向,明晰了山2段沉积特征,创建了典型曲流河三角洲沉积模式,为进一步勘探开发提供了理论支持。